"Kusamba ndi kavalo wofiira". Petrov-Vodkin: malongosoledwe a zithunzi. Penti "KUSAMBA Yofiira Hatchi"

Ndithudi umunthu wapadera anali wotchuka Russian wojambula Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin. Pictures, nkhani, Maulendo, njira yatsopano ndi chithunzi, zipatso wolemera mu ntchito pedagogical iye anatisiyira cholowa a. Chilango anali kaleidoscopic yemweyo amene anabweretsa dziko ntchito kwambiri.

Zotsatira za mbuye

Kwambiri wotchuka kupenta wa mmisiri - "Chithunzi cha Anny Ahmatovoy", "1918 Petrograd", "Kusamba ndi kavalo wofiira," "Imfa ya Commissar", "A. Pushkin ku St. Petersburg "," zeze "," Youth, "" ludzu wankhondo "," Mwanawe Msodzi "," Morning Komabe Moyo "," The Coast. " Izi si mndandanda wonse wa zojambula ndi chithunzicho. Petrov-Vodkin analenga zojambula mu Mitundu yonse kudziwika - zithunzi, komabe lifes, mitunda, zili m'nyumba, mbiri yakale komanso nkhani yophiphiritsa. Aliyense wa ntchito wake amapuma maganizo osiyana ndi a dziko ndi ufulu wauzimu.

Chiyambi cha umunthu kulenga

M'mibadwo yake, amene ankagwira ntchito "pa 'abweze zaka ziwiri - awiri mochititsa wosiyana Nthawi mzake, ndi cholembedwa wapadera ndi kudzikondweretsa luso ulemu osiyana ndi Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin. Kufotokozera za zojambula, analengedwa ndi mbuye, si kwathunthu popanda kutchula mfundo nzeru ndi luso wobadwa monga mwa chithunzicho, oddly mokwanira, kuphunzira nkani penti lakutali kalekale.

Woyamba zidzasintha mantha kuti chithunzicho, pafupifupi mnyamata, anali zithunzi Novgorod, amene anaona nyumba ya abwenzi wa Okhulupirira Old. Izo zinachitika pa nthawi imene banja ankakhala Khvalynsk - momasuka, m'manda mu verdure mzinda pa Volga. zidindo awa anali olumikizidwa ndi zithunzi osangalala Fairy kuti utoto pamaso pa Kuzma mnansi ndi mnzawo Andrew Kondratych. Mnyamata ndipo ayesa kujambula, n'zosadabwitsa skilful zina zachidule makolo. M'malo limene ndinabadwa ndipo ndinakulira Petrov-Vodkin chithunzi si kukhala wamtengo wapatali, ndi ntchito ya wojambula anadziwa kuti chinachake cha akusasatitsa. Kubwera ku banja la yokonza nsapato komanso namwali, Kuzma Sergeyevich zatchulidwa mobwerezabwereza kuti, pokhala chinkhoswe mu kupenta, ndinamverera chinachake ngati bohemia wamng'ono mbuye. Kodi munaganizi- pa nthawi banja lake kuti dzina la mwana wawo adzapita pansi m'mbiri ya mbiri ndi kukongoletsa mndandanda wa zinthu zakale otchuka, monga wotchuka Tretyakov Gallery, kupenta umadziwika padziko lonse kutukuka!

Kufunafuna njira yake

Masiku amenewo, pamene tsoka la wojambula si gleam kudzera kukonzekera mnyamata ku strata m'munsi mwa anthu njira Providence azitengapo anakankhira mnyamata kwa katswiri wa kupenta. Maphunziro mzinda sekondale, Kuzma anayamba kugwira ntchito mu zokambirana chombo-kukonza ndi akukonzekera kulowa sukulu sitima. Mu yophukira anasamukira ku Samara, kumupima sindikanakhoza kupirira izo ndiyeno kwathunthu anadzipereka zowawa zake. Apulumuke ntchito wosamvetseka, Kuzma anaganiza zoyamba kuphunzira kupenta mu kupenta kalasi Fedor Burov. Zinali zitamuyendera, koma chidziwitso kwambiri, sanatipatse. Ana nawo kwambiri chiphunzitso maphunziro ndi konse sagwiritsira chikhalidwe. Atamwalira mphunzitsi Petrov-Vodkin anayesa kupeza ntchito iconographer. Pamodzi ndi m'kalasi anakonza zigawenga vyvesochnikov. Komabe, ngakhale munthu kapena kampani ina sanali bwino. Izi sizinachitike angasokoneze mnyamata ofunitsitsa kuchita kupenta. Samara m'chilimwe anasamukira Khvalynsk kwawo.

msonkhano fateful

Kupambana anabwera kuchokera ku mbali yina: nyumba imene mayi chithunzicho chinali mu utumiki wa ambuye, anadza ku St. Petersburg dona, mlongo wa Hostess, ndipo akufuna kumanga dziko nyumba Khvalynsk. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, ndinaitanidwa ku khoti wamanga, amene anakantha Kuzma zojambula. Iye anandiuza mnyamata kuphunzira mu likulu. Chaka chomwecho, Petrov-Vodkin analembetsa ku Sukulu Central, zaumisiri Chojambula wa Baron Stieglitz, kubala kwa mpanda zamanja ake ambuye. Pali ofunika khama ndiponso lolondola pachithunzipa si anaphunzitsa. Mwakhama ndi chidwi wophunzira Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin, akhoza kufika pamwamba kwambiri mu luso, koma talente namkokera zambiri - mnyamatayo analibe mitundu olemera ndi kupenta ufulu. Anali anakhalabe mu chimango cha zamanja, ife sitinaonepo aliyense wa mwaluso wake "Kusamba ndi kavalo wofiira," kapena zojambula zina limaonetseratu.

chidwi mwakhama mu sayansi ndi luso

A tsamba latsopano la moyo aluso wamng'ono - kupita ku Sukulu Moscow wa Painting, imene ntchito chiphunzitso anayamba mafano a unyamata - Valentin Serov, Isaac Levitan, Konstantin Korovin, Martiros Saryan. Pambuyo Khvalynsk akuzigawo ndi maphunziro Petersburg Petrov-Vodkin plunges chamutu voti ndi kumpanga weniweni moyo mu Moscow. Iye kutifotokozera akufuna kuti aphunzire zonse, kudziwa malamulo a chilengedwe chonse. chithunzicho amaphunzira kuimba zeze, akumvetsa ndizosowa sayansi zimapangidwira, analemba nkhani ndi masewero.

Travel, kugubuduza chikumbumtima

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma latsopano, mnyamata analanda wofuna kupita kuzungulira dziko. Iye amakhala pa njinga ndi njira mutu wake. "Warsaw-Munich-Italy" Kuzma anacititsa okha Germany. Apa, mnyamatayu amapita ku sukulu Antona Ashbe, chikuzika amisiri wa Russia. Watsopano malo, njira ya moyo, zosemasema kuperekedwa kwa achinyamata draftsman zambiri zinakuchitikirani zipatso. Zonse izi nakadziyeretsere refracted mosangalala penti Petrov-Vodkin.

Mu Italy, chithunzicho chinali zaka pafupifupi zisanu ina. Analakalaka kuona Vesuvius. zinthu amphamvu analanda m'maganizo mwake. Kukwera kwa ikugwedezeka ndi kupuma awatulutsira moto, ndi wojambula wamng'ono Petrov-Vodkin anakumana kumverera kuti, mu umboni wake, muyaya zasintha maganizo ake a moyo ndi luso, anagwedeza maganizo ake kulenga.

Penti "KUSAMBA Yofiira Hatchi"

kupenta ichi, chithunzicho analengedwa mu 1912, pamene iye anali pafupi usinkhu wa zaka 34. Malinga ndi umboni wa ofufuza chithunzi lingaliro linachokera ku wojambula pambuyo wophunzira wake Sergei Kalmykov mu chimango cha pepala maphunziro olembedwa akavalo ofiira. Amakhulupirira kuti Baibulo loyamba la kupenta "KUSAMBA Yofiira Hatchi" (si anasunga) unakhazikitsidwa mu chuma cha bwenzi la General kumene wojambula ndi mkazi wake anaitanidwa makamu kuchereza alendo. The zinachitika wa nyama pakati gawo intaneti anatumikira monga zamoto weniweni dzina lake Boy. Kenako, mu St. Petersburg, Petrov-Vodkin ankakhulupirira utoto. SERGEY Kalmykov ouziridwa mbuye monga chitsanzo cha khalidwe waukulu. Mu nkhope ya wochepa m'nyamata atakhala pa kavalo, kuzindikira maonekedwe a wophunzira wojambula.

Ikuimira M'badwo Silver

Mutu kusamba akavalo, kwa gawo lalikulu ndi wamaliseche, unali wotchuka kwambiri mu kupenta m'zaka za m'ma makumi awiri. Pakati bathers anzake akavalo ndi anthu analemba Arkady Plastov, Pyotr Konchalovsky, Valentin Serov ndi amisiri ena. Kufanizira ndi mphamvu indomitable, olimba ndi wokongola chisomo stallion ndi wokwera anakhalapo zinkayimira mphamvu ya mphepo, ndi kukutsogolerani mphamvu ya mzimu ndi malingaliro. Lochita masewera osiyanasiyana-maliseche akulu thupi la mnyamata, umene tikuona mu filimu "KUSAMBA Yofiira Hatchi" - alinso mu mzere ndi zokonda luso Mu zaka zapitazo. Hymn pulasitiki ndipo zimachita bwino chinamanga thupi mwamuna adawomba osati ntchito za amisiri aluso, komanso limalengeza dziko lonse la ballets Diaghilev a.

"Palibe akavalo"

Ichi chinali chitonzo chachikulu chimene amveka ku adiresi Petrov-Vodkin. "Kusamba ndi kavalo wofiira," ntchito imene inachititsa kutsutsana momwe ayankhe mokondwera, mwachionekere ouziridwa ndi zidindo oyambirira kuti chithunzicho chinali kamodzi mu msonkhano chizindikiro-kupenta. Ophiphiritsa chofiira kavalo pano mu mafano wakale Mwachitsanzo, mu fano Arhangela Mihaila St. Boris ndi Gleba ndi T. D. The chithunzi Petrov-Vodkin mtundu ichinso ophiphiritsa. Bwaloli chifuniro ndi liwiro, wotsimikizika ndi ludzu latsopano, kuti chinachake chinang'ambika prerevolutionary Russia. Mu iconography, mtundu wofiira limaimira korona ndi ogwira mphamvu, mphamvu yotha kudzutsidwa ndi okonzeka kusintha mwathu muno, amene anakhalako zaka zana zapitazo.

Art zimaonetsa zojambula

Pa nsalu m'kati pamaso pa omvetsera ndi chithunzi chachikulu mu maganizo ozungulira, osonyeza mizere anamaliza. Chikhutiro cha chithunzicho, ichi chiyembekezo chithunzi molondola kwambiri amapereka pathos maganizo a udindo wa munthu m'chilengedwe chonse. Mu Pachithunzipa wa - kavalo wofiira molimba mtima komanso Mochititsa chidwi pansi wokwera. Pakati pa nsalu - madzi - chithunzi cha kavalo woyera chomwe chimakakamiza impso wa wokwerapo anatsika pa bulu nagwada, ndi kowala chofiira kavalo ndi wokwera, timaona kuti kuchokera kumbuyo. Gulu lonse, kuphatikizapo mnyamata chapakati pa kavalo amalenga gulu kuzungulira accentuated zolowa wozengereza madzi m'nyanja. Kumbuyo chithunzi dongosolo ndi gombe, nayenso, anapanga kuzungulira mizere lamanja.

Mphamvu ya mitundu

Modziwika Chili ndi Siyanitsani ndi chithunzi mtundu. A connoisseur lalikulu la kudzikondweretsa mtundu osiyanasiyana chafotokozedwa pano pamaso pa omvetsera Petrov-Vodkin. "Kusamba ndi kavalo wofiira" - chitsanzo cha mmene zamalankhulidwe njira zojambula anasonyeza chinenero cha maluwa. The ozizira malankhulidwe buluu wobiriwira la nyanja amasonyeza kumwamba yosalala pamwamba pa zomwe mogwirizana Jets kusintha mabwalo yosalala, komanso Mzere theka-zozungulira wa pinki gombe ndi yamawangamawanga wobiriwira a zitsamba ndi mkhalidwe wangwiro kwa stallion ofiira owala ndi swarthy, pafupifupi golide mnyamata lili ndi nkhani pakati pa chithunzi .

Kodi limatiuza Madonna

chimodzimodzi zokongola ndi ophiphiritsa ntchito ina ya mbuye wakhala analengedwa mu 1920 kupenta "1918 Petrograd", dzina "Petrograd Madonna". lona ichinso likugwirizana chithunzi cha Tretyakov Gallery (ili pansipa chithunzi). pachithunzipa ndi kukwapula zochitikazi ndipo wofatsa olimbikitsa mogwirizana. NKHANI mnyamata Bolshevik, mokoma amugwira mwana wawo mu mikono yake, wodzazidwa ndi mtendere wopambana ndi ukazi kusintha zili zochititsa chidwi dziko. Chirichonse chiri mu mkuntho, koma chosatha n'chosathaŵika chikondi akuchikazi ndi kukongola.

N'chifukwa chiyani Commissioner anamwalira

Ntchito ya Petrov-Vodkin Moscow ali osati "Tretyakov Gallery" akupereka chithunzi cha zojambula pa State Russian Museum ku St. Petersburg. Kumeneko, makamaka, anasonyeza ndi kupenta "Imfa ya Commissar", analengedwa mu 1928. Mutu wake - imfa ya wofiira mkulu m'minda nkhondo yapachiweniweni - akufotokozera yeniyeni nkhani zakale ndiponso ngati chizindikiro zosasinthika wa nsembe m'dzina la malingaliro mkulu. cipangizo ici ndi wolemba kamodzinso kwenikweni nzeru zapamwamba kufuna kugwila ndi kumumanga chiwonetsero cha dziko chogwirika komanso chosaoneka ndi maso danga ndi luso.

The nsalu zokha ayi wa wojambula pachionetsero nyumba Museum Voloshin mu Koktebel, mu Saratov Art Museum. Radishchev. An m'ndandanda kwambiri pafupifupi 900 ntchito ndi mbuye lilipo m'nyumbayi wa mmisiri kwawo mu Khvalynsk.