Kumwa madzi a gulu apamwamba. Mavoti madzi a m'botolo

Ku Ulaya, pali kalekale ulamuliro tsiku lililonse kumwa malita osachepera 2 akadali madzi, kaya kuchuluka kudya soups ndi khofi woledzera, tiyi ndi zakumwa zina. lamulo ili zipembedzo kusunga anthu a kudzinenera chonse ndi chuma. Mu dziko lathu, anthu komanso pang'onopang'ono Ufumuyo ulamuliro zimenezi, koma si aliyense amadziwa zimene madzi ndi bwino kugula. Pa maalumali wa iye kwambiri, kuti maso mogwirizana. Ochepa mosamala poring pa nkhani pa zolemba za, kaŵirikaŵiri amapatsidwa kulisindikiza ochepa kuti m'pofunika kutenga galasi lokulitsira. Choncho, mwa kuchuluka kwa ena zopangidwa kusankha kwambiri odziwika bwino, ena - amene ali mtengo, popeza kuti madzi onse chimodzimodzi. Izi siziri zoona kwathunthu, chifukwa pali madzi a gulu wapamwamba ndi woyamba, ndipo ena mwa iwo ndi chilengedwe ndi kuyengedwa, kuti si chinthu chomwecho. Choncho zimene zikufunika kuti atenge madzi phindu unali? Tiyeni tifufuze.

Chifukwa madzi m'thupi

Ngakhale ana kudziwa kuti ife tonse pa 80% tichipeza madzi. Tsiku lililonse, 500 ml atayika kudzera thukuta ndi kupuma, 1500 ml ya - ndi mkodzo. Apa, kuti achire imfa ndipo ayenera kutsanulira otaika 2000 ml, koma ayenera kukhala ndi khalidwe kumwa madzi. Zonse izi ziri zowona, koma mwina. Choyamba, 80% zili avareji, ndi zoona, malingana ndi zaka, kulemera ndi makhalidwe ena a madzi aliyense kuchuluka osiyana. Kachiwiri, ife akusiya m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mu kutentha ozizira kwambiri zochepa, pokhala zoyenda yaitali atagona pabedi zochepa. Ndiko kuti, munthu m'pofunika kumwa malita 2, ndi wina ndi 3 sadzakhala zokwanira. Koma chifukwa kumwera ichi kodi? Kodi okha ayambe zomvetsa? Iwo likukhalira kuti madzi amatha mosavuta kupasuka ndipo organics, ndi mankhwala osiyanasiyana mankhwala monga salt. Kufika pa chamoyo wathu, pamafunika kwambiri zinthu zoipa zimene bwinobwino excreted mu mkodzo. Choncho, pali kuyeretsa zachilengedwe machitidwe athu a poizoni ndi matope ena. Ndithudi, bwino kumwa madzi kuti ndi mankhwala oyera, amadwala ntchito kwambiri efficiently. Ndipo Ntchito inanso yofunika ya madzi - pali zosiyanasiyana mankhwala ndi kupanga maofesi zovuta, popanda zomwe sitingathe moyo. N'chifukwa chake imfa ya thupi lathu pafupifupi 10% ya madzi akhoza kukathera wachisoni kwambiri.

Mitundu ya madzi akumwa

Tsopano ine ndikulemba kwambiri kuti kodi kumwa madzi a m'gulu apamwamba. Voterani mankhwala mu gawo amathandiza Asia mtundu wanji wa chizindikiro mukufuna kugula. Bukuli lili ndi mitundu yonse ya kufufuza ndi mayesero kukhazikitsa zolondola umagwirira madzi GOST ndi SanPiN. Koma zotsatira za macheke izi amalembedwa zolemba za kawirikawiri. Koma pali pafupifupi nthawizonse pali umboni kuti madzi opangidwa ngati ndipo chotero dera ndi kuya chotero, ndi kulankhula kwa wina ndi mzake si deta kulephera. Kulongosolerana vutoli, ndipo mwina zina musokoneze Izo, dziwani kuti m'chilengedwe zilipo pafupifupi 476 zosintha madzi, malingana ndi mtundu wanji wa isotopes mpweya ndi wa hydrogen zimapanga molekyulu ake. Inde, katundu wa madzi awa ndi osiyanasiyana, osati onse a iwo Amachitanso athanzi. Mwamwayi, osati zosintha zonse amatha kugwiritsa motalika kokwanira, ndi zambiri pa zolemba za izi siziwoneka. Kodi mtundu wa madzi angagwiritsidwe ntchito kumwa? Yotchuka kwambiri mitundu yake - ndi:

• zosavuta;
• adalemeradi;
• zofewa;
• lolimba;
• Mobisa (yotengedwa zitsime, ndi aquifers);
• mchere;
• ndikupeza;
• chitakonzedwa.

Categories wa madzi akumwa

Kuwonjezera pa luso, zomwe nkhaniyi sifikira, pali magulu awiri a madzi - apamwamba choyamba. Kumaiko pali alendo ndi SanPiNs madzi m'botolo kumwa, malamulo awo kakomedwe, kaonekedwe, mipweya, ndi chilungamo. Kumwa madzi m'magulu onse, pokhapokha ndi mchere zachipatala, ayenera kukhala mandala, odorless, zosafunika ndi chitayiko, mwinamwake izo sizingakhoze ntchito konse. Pankhani mipweya amafuna apamwamba, kumene, ayenera kukumana ndi kumwa madzi a m'gulu apamwamba. Mavoti amaganizira ogula ambiri, chimasonyeza amene ankanena chizindikiro madzi kulamulira khalidwe ndi mfundo. Ndi mankhwala amenewa ndipo anakhala wotchuka kwambiri. Tsopano limapanga 700 mitundu ya kumwa madzi. Zikuonekeratu kuti onsewo zovuta onani, ndipo chizindikiro oipa mavenda akhoza kulemba chilichonse. Kodi munthu wamba kusiyanitsa madzi apamwamba ochokera yabodza ndi?

Choyamba, mtengo. Ngati madzi likukula opangidwa m'dera zosawononga chilengedwe choyera, ndipo ngakhale kuya yabwino, kotero izo ziyenera ndalama mkulu kupanga. Choncho, sangakhale wotchipa. Ngati madzi ndi zabwino kwenikweni, Mlengi si pachiswe kuyika mtengo, chifukwa ndi zofunika kwambiri mwamsanga kukhazikitsa zinthu zawo ndi kupindula ndi kafukufuku zotheka.

Kachiwiri, malinga ndi nkhani pa chizindikiro. Pa izo, ngati madzi a gulu apamwamba, ayenera kupatsidwa malo kupanga ake, ndi adiresi ya webusaiti Mlengi wa, mipweya. Kwenikweni mu madzi achilengedwe kumwa akhoza kupezeka pafupifupi mbali zonse za tebulo nthawi, koma ambiri a zinthu mankhwala amapanga ochepa kuti kuganizira. Kwenikweni amasonyeza zili zinthu zina mankhwala ndi mankhwala:

• potaziyamu (10 mg / l);
• mankhwala enaake a (20 mg / l);
• ndi sodium (100 mg / l);
• kashiamu (20 mg / l);
• nitrate (45 mg / l);
• mankhwala enaake (100 mg / l);
• sulphate (30 mg / l);
• hydrogencarbonates (mpaka 300 mg / l).

Nthawi zina zolemba amasonyeza pH wa madzi, amene ayenera kukhala mu osiyanasiyana 6.5-7.5. Mismatch ngakhale mmodzi wa zolozerazi sapereka ufulu madzi yoyenera, gulu apamwamba.

madzi kuwala ndi kulemedwa

The kakomedwe, kaonekedwe, fungo, ndipo iye ndi ena ndinu yemweyo, koma amasiyana kwambiri phindu. Zimene wasonyeza kuti bwino kumwa madzi, amene ali Inter zina zotere, ndi katundu mkulu achire, - n'kosavuta. Ndi pafupifupi popanda zosafunika deuterium (ndi isotope a haidrojini), ndi zinthu zina zolemera, kotero kukonza thupi la poizoni ndi njira zonse kagayidwe kachakudya momwemo bwino. Kuwala madzi ngakhale pa matenda a khansa amathandiza. Lolemera madzi, omwe amagwira ndi mpweya atomu deuterium maatomu, vuto lililonse kwa anthu, ngati kumwa izo zedi yaing'ono. Koma palibe amapindula. Chikhalidwe cha deuterium molekyulu ndi mu madzi m'zitsime za chirichonse mozama kuti kaya ncho. M'pake kuti mamolekyulu izi muli madzi akumwa wa gulu apamwamba. Mavoti pa nkhani si wonyamulidwa, koma posankha madzi a m'botolo, mukhoza kugula mankhwala a zopangidwa okhazikika bwino, ndipo pa m'nyumba yabwino, koma madzi opanda Chophweka njira amaundana mu firiji akutsatiridwa ndi thawing. Popeza kuti Sungunulani mu malo oyamba ndi wabwino kopambana madzi akumwa mu dziko, umene uli kwambiri thanzi. A Ice zotsalira pambuyo ndondomeko izo zabwino kuthamangitsa, popeza adzasonkhanitsa Mankhwala oipitsa onse.

madzi zofewa ndi zovuta

Ndi makhalidwe amenewa ndi choncho mosavuta. madzi zofewa kapena zovuta - zimadalira wokhutira ya magnesium ndi calcium salt. Zedi kakang'ono, ndipo kuti, ndipo wina akhoza kumwa, ndi lalikulu madzi mwakhama kungachititse kuti mapangidwe miyala impso, ndi zofewa - mavuto magazi. Tsiku ndi tsiku, mukhoza kudziwa madzi kuuma mu diso. Choncho, ngati kashiamu ndi magnesium salt momwemo chakuthengo mphamvu, pamene chithovu soaping manja kakang'ono, ndipo ngati kuchepa kwa zingatanthauze kuti sopo ndi sanasambitsidwe ndi manja. Komabe, akugula madzi pa sitolo, palibe zatsopano izi siinkachitidwa. Ndipo si koyenera, chifukwa zili salt kuuma mu madzi mosamalitsa chimafotokozera alendo ndipo kuti anasonyeza pa chizindikiro. M'mayiko osiyanasiyana, chiwerengero angakhale osiyana pang'ono.

Mu Russian 01.01.2014 ndi kuuma madzi amayezedwa madigiri ndipo amaimira «° F" kapena zofanana milligram pa lita mu madzi akumwa amene adzakhala osachepera 1.5 osati oposa 2.5 mayunitsi. Nthawi zina palibe stiffness akusonyeza zolemba, ndi kuchuluka kwa kashiamu (Ca2 +) ndi magnesium (Mg2 +), ndi mchere awo (CaSO4, MgSO4, CaCl2, MgCl2). Kuchuluka kwa Alendo aliyense mchere si malamulo okha mmene ambiri a iwo ayenera kwathunthu. Ngati malamulo amenewa zimapezeka, ndiye, pamaso tingachite bwino kukhala oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku madzi a gulu apamwamba kumwa. Mavoti kukhala mkulu, ayenera kuganizira zili ndi zina zothandiza kufufuza zinthu, makamaka ku feteleza. Pankhani macheke pa mankhwala enaake a-calcium, izo sanali pochitika zopangidwa ofala kwambiri monga "Aqua Minerale", "Dombai", ndi zizindikiro madzi "Woyera Spring" ndi "Shishkin Les" anali ambiri chlorine.

madzi mchere

Tsopano mchere madzi chaulere mu sitolo iliyonse, anthu ambiri kugula monga kumwa wabwinobwino, pokhala otsimikizidwa kuti madzi mchere - ndi aliyense pamene pali mchere. Ndipotu, mchere wotchedwa madzi yotengedwa okha ku aquifers ena ndipo malamulo okhwima okhudza mipweya. Ndizo basi madzi a gulu apamwamba ikhoza kulawa m'malo zosasangalatsa fungo, ndipo ngakhale mtundu ndi chitayiko, malingana ndi mchere wolemera. Nkofunika kudziwa kuti ngakhale olemera (anasonyeza pa chizindikiro), zikuchokera madzi mchere mankhwala si ngati ndi osakaniza a zachilengedwe ndi chongopeka anapanga. Padzakhala apamwamba mchere madzi, ndi madzi, ndi kusakaniza yotengedwa aquifers osiyana, koma, mwatsoka, loterolo si kumatanthauza. Pano mukhoza kuyenda yekha pa dzina mtundu. Choncho, nthawi anayesedwa ndipo ali wabwino kasitomala ndemanga madzi achilengedwe kumwa - ndi "Borjomi", "Narzan", "Essentuki", "Mukhina" ndi Ukraine - "Mirgorod", "Kuyalnik", "Polyana kvasova". Ndi mchere madzi zikuchokera akhoza kukhala sulphate, hydrocarbonate, enaake, wosanganiza, ndi ndende ya zakudya Zakudya (mme- zinthu yawo 1 galamu pa 1 DM kiyubiki), chithandizo-Zakudya (kufufuza magalamu 10 pa DM ³⁾ ndi umathandizanso. Daily ntchito popanda malangizo dokotala zitha chodyera.

Dinani madzi ndi oyera

Poyamba, madzi chotengera, ndipo ngakhale sanali enaake, palibe anagula onse adamweramo mpopi. chiyero ake komanso mfundo GOST ndi SanPiN Choncho, mfundo yake ayenera kukhala abwino akumwa wambiri iliyonse. Dinani madzi m'mayiko ambiri pansi zinthu zingapo kuyeretsedwa: makina, uŵende, kusefera, aeration, yolera yotseketsa kapena, Kapenanso, kuti chlorination. Ngakhale sayansi yofunika iyi, chizindikiro cha kumwa madzi mpopi ndi chimodzi ambanda, chifukwa pafupifupi zopezeka zambiri salt wa zinthu zosiyanasiyana mankhwala, zinthu izi okha, monga chlorine, ndi zina tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Choncho, kumwa madzi, ife sitikufuna.

amalonda savvy anagwiritsidwa momwe amapindula nalo ndipo nthawi yomweyo kuchita zabwino. Njira yosavuta zina mwayeretsa. Ndalama za ndondomeko lonse ndi wotsika, kotero mtengo mankhwala ndi otsika, ngakhale chizindikiro zingasonyeze kuti madzi omwe amaoneka oyera, mineralized ndi zambiri zabwino.

Komabe wololera wogula ayenera kumvetsetsa kuti bwino madzi a m'botolo sangakhale ofunika 5-10 rubles pa theka lita, ngakhale kwalembedwa, "kasupe" kapena "artesian". Yerekezerani, madzi a m'botolo, yotengedwa koyera zachilengedwe Alps, chimakakamiza pa rubles 70-80 pa flasks lita.

Koma kodi madzi oyera? Ife ntchito njira ziwiri: kukhazikitsidwa kwa kukhulupirirana pakati pa anthu, ngakhale pang'ono-mwachilengedwe, chigamulocho osmosis ndi coagulation mwachinsinsi. Tiyeni tione mmene ntchito.

Chigamulocho osmosis - madzi kudutsa nembanemba zingapo ndi kapangidwe tosaoneka ndi maso, amene ali mmodzi ndi mmodzi zinthu zonse zidzasungunuka mu madzi. Chifukwa ndi pafupifupi mwangwiro oyera, ofanana otchezedwa n'chipsera. Health si zothandiza, monga, kamodzi mu thupi la munthu, amayamba Lembani kuchotsedwa izo zothandiza zinthu, kuwasankha kwa thupi lathu. Popewa izi, opanga alemere izo kachiwiri, kotero zikuchokera kufufuza zinthu zimene zatchulidwa pa zolemba za madzi amenewa zikhoza kukhala zoona, koma akapatsidwa m'gulu apamwamba osowa.

Coagulating tichipeza kuwonjezera mwachizolowezi coagulant madzi (brightener), zomwe precipitates mankhwala ena ndi mme- zinthu. Kenako, madzi ndi wosiyana sludge ndipo waikidwa. ndondomeko ndi chosavuta ndi zosavuta kuti ntchito pafupifupi 70% ya opanga onse. Choncho, kugula yotsika mtengo madzi akumwa, mukhoza kukhumudwa pa mankhwala alibe abwino thanzi.

Madzi kuchokera mkati dziko lapansi

Wells ndi kuya osiyana (kuposa 50 mamita), pali Russian anthu ambiri m'makhoti. Zingaoneke, chifukwa iwo ayenera kugula madzi a m'botolo zachilengedwe, ngati mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zachilengedwe. Komabe, mankhwala kusanthula madzi pang'ono kusonyeza owonjezera kufufuza zinthu mu izo si awiri kapena khumi, ndi zina dazeni ochepa. Zikuonekeratu kuti n'zosatheka kumwa. vuto ndi kuti unyinji wonse wa kutumphuka dziko lapansi, ngati mtanda wa mikate lopangidwa Geological strata - loam, sandstone, miyala, ndi ena. The kwambiri padziko lapansi ndi kuyandikira ku midzi anthu, makamaka malo mafakitale, zigawo zambiri za mankhwala, zinyalala, zinyalala anthu ndi nyama. Zonsezi mosavuta kugwa mu aquifer osaya, kotero kupiphatisa kumwa patapita kuyeretsa mokwanira.

Undrinkable ndi otchedwa mkulu madzi anapanga pa madzi osefukira, madzi osefukira mtsinje. Ndipo komabe mkati dziko lapansi angatipatse madzi aukhondo ndi athanzi, monga kuti, muyenera kuti kubowola zitsime artesian. M'madera osiyanasiyana kuya awo zimasiyanasiyana mamita 100 1000. The madzi zofunika ziyenera kukhala pakati pa zigawo watertight wa miyala kumeneko pressurized, ndipo chotero una mokhomerera ali kasupe. Ndi zizindikiro zambiri artesian - izi ndi zopambana madzi a m'botolo, kupezeka m'masitolo, ngakhale kuti mulinso ena salt ndi mme- zinthu. Opanga amakonda kusonyeza pa chizindikiro, ndi kuzama zimene nanga derali sourced mankhwala awo. Ngati izo ziri, mwachitsanzo, Carpathians, ndi Urals kapena Alps, mu ntchito chilengedwe palibe aliyense amene amakayikira, tikhoza kunena kuti madzi akumwa ndi zabwino kwambiri. Zamgululi zopangidwa pangakhale ambiri. Tichisankhe, ngati kugulitsa samadziwika ndi otchuka? Council pali imodzi yokha - kukhulupirira mfundo pa chizindikiro.

madzi, enaake

Amakhulupirira kuti bwino aeration wa madzi opanda othetsa ludzu, ndi chokoma ndi mwangwiro zabwinobwino. Koma ngati zothandiza? Ngati timatenga ku Ulaya, monga Greece, woyambitsa wa malamulo pa tsiku ndi kuvomerezedwa madzi akumwa, choncho palibe koloko mu polutoralitrovyh, kuli awiri-lita flasks ndi zosatheka kukumana. Zogulitsa ngati voditsa pazipita mu mabotolo theka-lita galasi, kuwonjezera pa koloko tingachipeze powerenga.

Ife gassed lonse mzere madzi, kuwonjezera thereto wa carbon dioxide. Kwenikweni chimasintha kulawa, ndi kuwonjezera, amathandiza salt kukhala kusungunuka ndipo musati precipitate. Ndi chifukwa ichi madzi mchere pamaso bottling apindula ndi carbon dioxide, chifukwa salt mu iwo zambiri. Payenera kukhala madzi sanali mchere wa gulu apamwamba soda? Ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani ngati mchere mu madzi opanda si kwambiri kuopa mpweya awo, ndi kukoma ndi opanda mpweya woipa ayenera kukhala wabwino? Kuyankha mafunso awa pa nkhani kungakhale amakonda kukoma kwa ogula ambiri amene mukufuna zinali koloko.

Zamgululi wa zopangidwa wotchuka, opanga amene amalemekeza dzina lawo, inu mukhoza kugula bwinobwino, koma kugula koloko wotchipa, m'pofunika kuti tione ngati pali mmenemo chinachake chabwino, ena kuposa mpweya. Komanso apamwamba wothwanima madzi sangathe aledzera lalikulu zedi, monga CO2, gawo la matabwa ake, akuziyambitsa ndi katulutsidwe wa madzi chapamimba, amene zikuwononga amakhudza enamel, amalimbikitsa kuchuluka flatulence.

Mavoti madzi akumwa odziwika zopangidwa

Kafukufuku umodzi chimene chidzachitike zonse madzi malonda zilipo, ndi kusaiwala amene lakonzedwa coolers, watchedwa sizinachitike, kotero sukulu tinganene kuti ngati mlingo makonzedwe, chifukwa zochokera chiphasochi anapanga kusankha. Malinga ndi ena deta, madzi abwino Bon Aqua, kenako "Woyera Spring", "Aqua Minerale", "Arkhyz". Pa ena, "Woyera Spring" ndi "Aqua Minerale" alibe zinatha mpaka ku gulu wapamwamba ndi chinachitika Nizhniy Novgorod madzi "Dixie." malo wachiwiri ndi wachitatu anapita "akazi achilendo", ndi French Vittel ndi Evian. Osati Russia, koma Europe ndi madzi a gulu apamwamba. ndemanga kasitomala za izo ndi zabwino, koma mtengo akulozera mwamtheradi anafunsidwa.

Kukonda dziko lako "Makhachkala mpope chipinda" pang'ono mtengo, komanso mme- zinthu mu izo zochepa. "Aqua Minerale" pa zotsatira za yachinsinsi anali zambiri popanda kufufuza, pafupifupi wosabala, ngakhale loterolo si kudziwitsa. Koma madzi "Shishkin Les", "Mwachidule ABC», Crristaline, Aparan, «Woyera Spring" ndipo ngakhale Bon Aqua, chotengera mu Moscow, anali blacklisted chifukwa cha zotsutsana kwambiri mfundo khalidwe ndi kunyengezana makasitomala.