Kumalo ozizira msondodzi: chithunzi ndi kufotokozera. Izo zikuwoneka ngati msondodzi kumalo ozizira mu Titafika pamalo ndi

Titafika pamalo The chimakhala chogwidwa ndi kokha zomera amene amatha kupirira nkhanza zikhalidwe zake nyengo. Titafika pamalo mitunda m'madambo, peaty ndi miyala. Zitsamba musati kugonjetsa kuno. m'dera lawo lafalitsidwa si kudzalamulira malire a malo nayonso. expanses kumpoto yokutidwa ndi zokwawa pamodzi nthaka nyenyezi yaing'ono zomera Titafika pamalo msondodzi kumalo ozizira, blueberries, cranberries ndi elfin ena.

Flora aumbike makamaka Moss, ndere, sedges ndi bowa. Low udzu tsopano ndiyeno usokoneze wa Moss-ndere cushions. Mitengo ndi zitsamba awa akuimira mitundu yaing'ono. Pali chokha kumalo ozizira msondodzi nyenyezi yaing'ono birch. Ting'onoting'ono mitengo m'madera ena kuswa mwa kuwaika serried, kukula kwathunthu.

Salix polaris - nyenyezi yaing'ono chitsamba chilichonse

Wapadera woimira zomera maluwa - msondodzi kumalo ozizira. Ngakhale kuti adera yaing'ono, komabe wa zitsamba Titafika pamalo osati udzu. Ting'onoting'ono plantlets amakakamizidwa chifukwa zinthu zachilengedwe musakhale monga sapling chitsamba chilichonse ndi nyenyezi yaing'ono, pansi.

Pa mtengo wochepa thupi zimayambira analimbitsa osachepera kuchuluka kwa masamba yaitali ankakhala, musati kutha, monga misondodzi ena m'dzinja. Iwo anaphimba ndi chisanu kukhala wobiriwira. Chomera ali mayina awiri - ndi msondodzi nyenyezi yaing'ono ndi Arctic. Kumalo ozizira msondodzi mu Titafika pamalo si yekha. Limodzi ndi pali oimira Magadan, ndi Yenisei, udzu ndi angapo chidole Mitundu ina.

Zakudya mtengo wa msondodzi kumalo ozizira

Willow masamba - chakudya chabwino kwa mphalapala lapansi. Iwo, kuti zosangalatsa yozizira, kukumba kuchokera chisanu. M'nyengo yozizira, akuwombera, masamba ndi khungwa sizinyalanyaza hares, partridges ndi makoswe.

Arctic zitsamba Masamba edible. mitundu Masewerera a Nordic stockpiling mbewu za mtsogolo ndiponso kukonzekera kwa izo zosowa ndithu zakudya. Iwo kuchotsa nswala m'mimba lembani masamba yophika ndi madzi amene wiritsani mbewu. The Chukchi imayambira chisakanizo cha masamba msondodzi ndi magazi gwape. Eskimos mwawathila nerpovym mafuta ndi magazi. Komanso, masamba kukonzekera tiyi ersatz.

mafotokozedwe kwachilengedwenso

Kakang'ono chitsamba chilichonse herbaceous maonekedwe ali kakang'ono Wokafika mtengo makungwa. Kuwona zithunzi, msondodzi kumalo ozizira omwe akufotokozedwa, ndipo inu ndikudabwa - mmene chodabwitsa chikhalidwe. Ting'onoting'ono makungwa anapanga kakang'ono nthambi mobisa. Iwo sali ngati mitengo wamba yochepa. kutalika si upambana 3-5 cm.

Pa zokwawa pamodzi pansi, tichotseretu nthambi chikasu zili ochepa masamba zazing'onozi anasonyeza pamwamba pa kuwaika lapansi. stipules Lanceolate ngakhale chibadidwe mbewu, koma sikawirikawiri. Iwo amafuna kuti kwina. Mu masamba a ndondomeko adzakhale monzama ovate kumbuyo. Nthawi zina reniform ndi nthaŵi elliptically monzama. Vershinki iwo roundish.

Mawonekedwe a masamba zambiri notched. M'munsi kuti anafotokoza ina anamaliza, ena mtima woboola pakati, ndi kuti mizere kawirikawiri tapered. Apa ndi msondodzi kumalo ozizira - zachilendo mtengo Titafika pamalo. Mu masamba obiriwira ndi mbali yosalala konsekonse wa matte pamwamba ndi pansi pang'ono chonyezimira. M'litali mapesi anabala yokha 1 centimeter. M'litali timapepala ta pa yamazinga kumtunda petioles tiddly, si upambana 2.5 cm, pamene m'lifupi si oposa 1.3 cm.

Kumapeto kwa catkins maluwa woboola pakati, kawirikawiri oblong kapena ovate. Number maluwa kakang'ono m'menemo Mitandadza 3 mpaka 17. zidutswa bracts mamba anapereka msondodzi zambiri kumalo ozizira. Ichi ndi malongosoledwe awo: kuchokera woderapo flakes ovate (nthawi zina kumbuyo ovate) adzakhale mitundu concave kukumana m'mphepete losongoka ake.

Wamaliseche ufulu awiri stamens. Iwo ndi mdima bellow ndi oblong-ovoid mwapang'ono nectary. N'kuwasanganiza conical, kuwala mithunzi ya mwake pachiyambi, dazi ndi nthawi, repainting mu malankhulidwe zobiriwira kapena wofiirira. Pa stigmas divergent bifid ali oblong-liniya nectary.

Kumene, zinthu ngati sangathe nthawi zonse tikambirana chilengedwe, ndipo makamaka mu chithunzi. Kumalo ozizira msondodzi, monga mbewu zina zambiri, bwinobwino kuphunzira ndi akatswiri mu Laboratories.

M'dera la Arctic msondodzi

The ulamuliro wa zomera Hardy kumayambira zipululu kumalo ozizira, kuphimba chilumba kozizira, ndipo amawachitira kumpoto okhala Putorana yachonde. M'dera analanda nyenyezi yaing'ono chitsamba chilichonse Titafika pamalo Scandinavia, East Siberia, Chukchi ndi Kamchatka dziko. Iwo chopingasa pa expanses wa Jan Mayen ndi Svalbard.

Pankhondo Sipadzakhalanso ndi mawu zoipa opweteka Arctic mtengo anapeza njira yodalirika kupulumuka mu malo yovuta kumpoto. Pa zaka ayezi, pamene alimbane wofunafuna kuwundana akuyandikira anakhala mumamva, msondodzi kumalo ozizira amakakamizidwa kuloŵa kum'mwera.

Glacier kukwawa kumbuyo inam'lola kachiwiri analanda kumpoto mumaikonda Gawo. Iwo mwamphamvu mizu malire ake m'mbuyomu, yothetsa mu Dziko Latsopano ndi zilumba Commander. Unapangitsa Arctic m'firiji pamtunda amathandiza kulimbikitsa chitsamba chilichonse malire mwakhama kuti ndi Far North. Iye ali liwiro lalikulu (zomera nyenyezi yaing'ono) likulowerera mu Titafika pamalo ndi zone Arctic. Malo zikuchulukirachulukira chaka ndi kilometre ndi!

nthaka

Tree ali lonse zachilengedwe matalikidwe. Iwo amasankhidwa ndi nthaka nyimbo zosiyanasiyana. Pewani pokhapokha anajambulapo Komabe, nthawi zina amapezeka. Zimakula bwino busa, pamiyala, dothi dongo ankaikira Arctic ndi ya m'mapiri Titafika pamalo. Wonyozeka chitsamba chilichonse m'nthaka lonyowa. No msondodzi kumalo ozizira mu Titafika pamalo kuti poponya pa zouma kapena chopambanitsa malo chinyezi.

Ndi chuma cha dothi ndi osayanjanitsika. Komabe, safuna kukula pa politrihovyh mkulu peat n'chodabwitsa imapezekabe m'madera m'madambo. Iwo zatha acidic gawo lapansi, amene si lofanana ndi zitsamba nyenyezi yaing'ono. Koma ilo limakula kulikonse zonal dothi Titafika pamalo gley. Bzalani anyalanyaza pang'ono chisanu boroughs. Ankagwira nival, ndi zabwino ngodya chisanu chivundikiro.

Umodzi ndi msondodzi kumalo ozizira

Kodi kuponya Mwachidule, kulikonse, kupatula mu madera kumpoto, chitsamba kusintha kwa nkhope Moss-ndere. Chotero Thallus - ndi stunner. zisoti zawo zimalimbikitsa wobiriwira, wachikasu, lalanje, wofiira ndi mitundu ina kupanga zokongola fabulously zokongola. makungwa Willow nthawi kumizidwa mu kuwaika mossy, ndipo masamba M'malo mwake, limatuluka pamwamba hillocks kwabasi.

Tree womangidwa kwa kugwa kwa timiyala ndi blocky, kuti akusonyeza chithunzi. Kumalo ozizira msondodzi mu Titafika pamalo kubisala mu mphako yaing'ono anapanga miyala. Pakati pa miyala iye imapeza chitetezo makina ndi digiri wamkulu wa humus nthaka.

Komabe, chifukwa ambiri Moss ndi ndere phytocenoses chitsamba chilichonse wakonda lotayirira kuwaika. Ndi pamalo amene anapanga hypnum bokoplodnymi Moss, liverwort ndi zomera zofanana.

Zachilengedwe niches msondodzi kumalo ozizira

Tidakhala nyenyezi yaing'ono chitsamba chilichonse zitsulo phiri ndisungunuka Putorana. Iye anapeza chitetezo pakati mphako ting'onoting'ono ta ndi ming'alu, olimbika Kotuiskaya ndi Anabar yachonde. chipale anaphimba wake m'nkhalango omangika niches yatcheredwa dazi lamba. Iwo sanalephere kukwawira mu nkhalango ndi lonyowa Moss thalli, amene anayambitsa kwabasi kumpoto topezeka.

Ndipo zigwa phiri la chisanu amaoneka ngati msondodzi kumalo ozizira? Pali ndipamene ziyangoyango chachikulu. Iwo zophimbidwa manyumba ogona snowfields ndi ayezi ndi pamalo pafupi atatsamira mwa masamba ang'ono. Ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo, mbewu anafooka yaikulu lowland nkhalango Titafika pamalo ndi kum'mwera Titafika pamalo.

Iwo ankakhala moyo wotayirira pa zigwembe nival, pansi pa malo otsetsereka a kumpoto. Kumiza msondodzi m'nkhalango linafalikira Lakeside obomshelym tchire. Iwo anamizidwa ndi skirting mitsinje kwambiri incised.

ntchito yawo ikukula mu Titafika pamalo lililonse. Kuchuluka kwa msondodzi akuwombera cholembedwa mu m'chilengedwe moraine malo. Kodi zigwa ndi touluka wa zinyalala miyala anatsala oundana kusuntha. The alluvial ndi alluvial mabacteria yafupika udindo wa chitsamba.

Zimakhala zosangalatsa, zikuwoneka ngati msondodzi kumalo ozizira, zomwe zithunzi kuganizira, mabanga Titafika pamalo, pa ledges pa chigwa mitsinje, ndi kumene watersheds anaikidwapo anapanga dellevye maofesi. M'matauni ndi Ivkov-Moss udzu thalli.

Ulamuliro msondodzi zitsamba pa Titafika pamalo a

Pamaso pa msondodzi kumalo ozizira akufotokozera zomera kozizira Titafika pamalo. Ndi chitsamba chilichonse nyenyezi yaing'ono mwachangu umalamulira kwambiri za phytocenoses zomwe zili. Makamaka, iye uli Ivkov-Moss ndi udzu omwe. Komanso, anaona kuwanda mu mapiri Byrranga.

m'nkhalango wochuluka msondodzi nyenyezi yaing'ono katswiri Moss Titafika pamalo. Iwo yatsekera mphako detrital Titafika pamalo. Achita malo dellevye maofesi, zingwe zopota, mu humus kulemera, chochuluka ndi midzi chipale chofewa. Willow kwathunthu chimakwirira polygonal odzigudubuza chigwa m'madambo.

Willow Mountain

Pa tchire msondodzi, nagona pa mphako pakati pa miyala, kutenga zithunzi zochititsa chidwi. Kumalo ozizira msondodzi mu mitunda phiri si zachilendo, ndi membala wa malo osiyanasiyana, nalanda m'gawo lalikulu. masamba ake mosalekeza tsitsi lanu liimirire padziko lamba phiri, kupanga njira yake pamwamba. Apa zilibe kukopa okhaokha opanda scree inde nezadernovannye m'madera gravelly.

Kukwera kwa kutalika mamita 300-400, izo displaces dryad, kukhala wamphamvu edificator phiri Titafika pamalo phytocenoses osauka mu gawo pamwamba. Komanso akhoza aithamangitse m'dziko la mapiri a miyala ndi mchenga msondodzi monetolistnuyu sangathe kulowa steeps. Blocky chomwecho m'tsinde ndisungunuka ndi zitunda atachuluka Byrranga hybrid msondodzi kumalo ozizira.