Kodi ngati makapu mowa? History mbale

Palibe angatsutse kuti mowa makapu anaonekera imodzi ndi chilengedwe cha chakumwa. Pa kuli lonse kawirikawiri khalidwe, momwemonso tsopano kovuta kunena zimene analidi njira yoyamba.

A mbiri pang'ono

Mowa - ndi mankhwala wamkulu kuti anali odziwika onse mu Europe ndi ku East. Monga mukudziwa, chikhalidwe cha kumwa chakumwa chilichonse zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mbale wina. Ndicho chifukwa zaka mazana ochepa zapitazo ndipo anali woyamba mowa makapu. Asayansi kuika ziphunzitso patsogolo zosiyanasiyana, kuyesa kuonetsa chimodzimodzi pamene izo zinachitika. Komabe, mu mndandanda onse anadziwa zimenezi mtundu wa ware inkatchedwa kuti Stein. Tamasulira kuchokera ku mawu German kutanthauza "mtsuko" kapena "mowa galasi". chotengera Special unakhala kuvomerezedwa chobwerapo cha chakumwa wotchuka. Pakuti nthawi zonse makapu ake kuli mowa anapangidwa osiyanasiyana zipangizo. Poyamba anali nkhuni ndi zikopa.

Koma anthu pambuyo pake kuti mbale ngati si othandiza kwambiri. Komanso pa ntchito chuma zimatenga chakumwa, potero Kuwonjezeka kukoma kwake. Patapita kanthawi, m'zaka za m'ma 17, ziwiya mowa zinali za malata. Njira imeneyi kupanga anali mophweka kwambiri ndiponso ndilotsika mtengo. Poyamba, malata anawonjezera patsogolo, koma anapeza chikhalidwe chakupha wa thunthu, alichotsamo ndi bismuth, mkuwa, siliva. Mu Middle Ages mowa makapu inazingidwa ndi chivundikiro. Icho chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kupewa ndi ingress wa tizilombo iliyonse. Monga amadziwika, m'zaka 14-15, kubuka mliri ndi matenda ena opatsirana akhala anati m'mayiko ambiri European. Kotero kuti chivundikiro zikutanthauza ndi mtundu wa kugwilizana ukhondo. Ndi chitukuko cha patsogolo luso ndi anasintha maonekedwe a mankhwala yokha. Iye anayamba kukonza kuchokera ziwiya zadothi ndi dongo, kuphimba glaze wachikuda. Kenako, zitsanzo siliva, ndi m'zaka za m'ma 20, ambiri a zikho zinali za galasi.

Mwambo m'nthawi ya Soviet Union

Mu Russia, mowa analinso mmodzi wa chakumwa wotchuka kwambiri kuyambira nthawi zakale. mankhwala Izi zinachitika pafupifupi m'nyumba iliyonse. Kwa nthawi yaitali icho chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa steins, ndipo kuyambira chiyambi cha m'ma otsiriza nkhani zikuluzikulu zomwe kupanga ziwiya amenewa anali galasi. Mu chisanadze chosintha Russia voliyumu ya mbale sanapatsidwe zofunika kwambiri. Ndipo pambuyo oyamba mu September 1918, njira yapadera miyeso akhazikitsidwa mfundo zinthu zonse zapakhomo. Kenako mu 1927 Union mowa makapu kuthi mawonekedwe yotsimikizika ndiponso kukula. Ndi-Union Standard (GOST 3550), buku yace 0,5 ndi 0,25 malita. Kulembamo payokha Ufumuyo mankhwala zojambula limene miyeso zake zodziwika bwino. Poyamba malire mlingo ziwiya buku anali ntchito kudzera makina. Kenako maonekedwe makapu anali pang'ono bwino pa mbali chapamwamba tsopano ndi alumali wapadera mu mawonekedwe a mphete.

Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, mbale sidzasinthika. Mu Soviet Union, izo nawo ambiri opanga glassworks dziko Urshelsky, Popasnjansky, Artyomovsk, Chernyatinsky, Chudovsky, Sverdlov chomera m'mudzi Zolotkova ndi ena ambiri. Pansi pa nkhani iliyonse, monga ulamuliro, ntchito ndi sitampu wapadera kusonyeza voliyumu ndi fakitale.

zosiyanasiyana mitundu

Mbiri wachuma wa mowa limodzi ndi chilengedwe Chalk ambiri chofunika ntchito zake. Tsopano amadziwika zikwi zosiyanasiyana mugs ndi zitsanzo za mowa otchuka. Ambiri a iwo kalekale kukhala Collectibles. Mu mndandanda mungapeze mankhwala mawonekedwe ambiri odabwitsa komanso kuphedwa, ku zitsanzo matabwa ndi hoops zitsulo, kutsiriza ndi dongosolo kaso galasi. Kodi Monga samachita mowa makapu? Photos aliyense chitsanzo akhoza kukuuzani zambiri za Mlengi wake. Mwachitsanzo, zakuti Khokhloma utoto mtundu yomweyo kupereka sewerolo ku Russia. A toyesa adzitamandire ndi lids zimasonyeza kuti Mlengi ndi mwina, anali mu Europe.

Nthawi zambiri padziko zinthu izi chagwiritsidwa zojambula themed. Iwo akhoza kuika pa zochitika zapadera kapena malo wosaiwalika. Posachedwapa, lalikulu makalabu otchuka ndi zolemba pachiyambi. Izi zikhoza kukhala zofuna za thanzi ndi chimwemwe, komanso nthabwala zosiyanasiyana ndi zidule.