Kodi ma immunoglobulin ndi chiyani? Immunoglobulin (kusanthula): kawirikawiri ndi zoperewera

Munthu akuzunguliridwa ndi mabakiteriya ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'moyo wake wonse. Ambiri mwa iwo omwe amakhala kunja samapangitsa kuti anthu azikhala ndi thanzi labwino, ndipo ena amapindula. Komabe, pamodzi ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo ta tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pamodzi nawo, thupi la munthu limayesetsa kulimbana. Ndipo pano pa masewerowa pitani ma immunoglobulins.

Immunoglobulin - selo yapaderayi yomwe ili m'magazi a munthu ndipo imathandizira chitetezo chake. Pozindikira maselo achilendo, mavairasi kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, maselo ena a mthupi amatiteteza.

Kodi immunoglobulin ndi chiyani?

Matenda a immunoglobulins ndi chida chofunika kwambiri cha chitetezo cha mthupi. Iwo ali ndi zizindikiro zambiri za makhalidwe:

1. Zenizeni. Ndikutaya kwa wothandizira wokha. Ngakhale kuti mankhwala ambiri ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso ma maselo a thupi.
2. Zosokoneza thupi.
3. Mavuto osachepera amayenera kulimbana ndi antigen.
4. Kuyenda. Ndi magazi, ma immunoglobulins amalowa m'madera akutali kwambiri ndi maselo a thupi kuti amenyane ndi tizirombo.

Ntchito za ma molekyulu

Immunoglobulin ndi mapuloteni omwe amagwira ntchito zambiri, zomwe ziri motere:

• Kuzindikiritsa zinthu zakunja;
• Kenaka amamanga antigen ndi kupanga mawonekedwe a chitetezo cha mthupi;
• Chitetezo choletsa kachilombo ka HIV;
• Kuwonongedwa kwa ma immunoglobulins owonjezera ndi mitundu yambiri ya antibodies;
• Kupewa ziphuphu za mitundu ina ya nyama, mwachitsanzo, ziwalo zofalikira.

Chizindikiro cha ma immunoglobulins

Malinga ndi maselo, maselo ndi ntchito, magulu asanu a immunoglobulins amasiyanasiyana: G (lolemba G), M (lgM), A (lgA), E (lgE), D (lgD).

Immunoglobulin E (IgE) ili mu plasma yamagazi pang'onopang'ono. Zimayikidwa pa maselo a khungu, pamatumbo ndi ma basophil. Gululi la ma immunoglobulins ndilopangitsa kuti izi zitheke. Kulowa nawo kwa antigen kumayambitsa maonekedwe a edema, kuyabwa, kuyaka ndi zina zotero.

Ngati immunoglobulin E ikukwera, imasonyeza kulowa mkati mwa thupi kapena kukhalapo kwa chifuwa kwa mbiri yakale. Kuti mudziwe bwino, mayesero owonjezereka a magazi ayenera kuchitidwa kuti adziwe ma antibodies ena enieni.

Kuonjezera apo, ngati matenda a immunoglobulin E akukwera, m'pofunikanso kupititsa kafukufuku kuti akhalepo mu thupi la zinthu zowonongeka, mwachitsanzo, helminths. Nyongolotsizi zimapweteka ziwalo za mkati, zimawononga nthendayi, zomwe zimachititsa kuti mapuloteni apitirire.

Mankhwala a Immunoglobulin M (lgM) ali ndi kuchuluka kwa maselo, chifukwa chake sungalowe mkati mwa magazi a mwanayo panthawi ya kukula kwa intrauterine. Mwana wosabadwayo amaupanga yekha. Kupititsa patsogolo kwa gululi la ma immunoglobulin kumayamba choyamba atatenga kachilomboka m'thupi. Mankhwala a Immunoglobulin M amathandiza kwambiri popanga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuchokera ku magazi. Kuwonjezeka kwa immunoglobulin M ndi chizindikiro cha kupweteka kwakukulu kwa thupi. Mwachitsanzo, kuchulukitsitsa kwa mainawa omwe ali pamtambo wa magazi kumasonyeza kuchitika kwa matenda a intrauterine a fetus, matenda a rubella, syphilis kapena toxoplasmosis.

Immunoglobulin G ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha maselo a chitetezo m'magazi. Kukulaku kumayambira masiku angapo chiwopsezo chilowa mthupi ndipo pambuyo poyambira kupanga immunoglobulin M. Ikusungidwa m'thupi kwa nthawi yaitali. Ichi ndi mtundu wokha wa ma antibodies omwe amaperekedwa kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana ndipo amapanga chitetezo chokhazikika.

Mankhwala a Immunoglobulin IgA amatchedwa secretory, chifukwa amateteza kupuma, kutsekemera kwa m'mitsempha ndi m'mimba m'matenda. Zimasonyezeranso kuukira kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kodi immunoglobulin D, nambala yake ndi ntchito zake, sizikumveka bwino mpaka mapeto.

Ntchito ya immunoglobulin testay

Kuyezetsa magazi kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa matenda a immunoglobulin E kumaperekedwa ngati matenda a mphumu yowonongeka, atopic dermatitis, chakudya kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Kutupa kwapoponomu komwe kumakhalako, kupuma kwapadera, kupweteka kwa miyendo kawirikawiri, scoliosis ndi sinusitis kumatanthauzira kuti mafupa amtunduwu amadziwika kuti ali ndi mapuloteni oteteza thupi kwambiri m'thupi la E.

Matenda a immunoglobulin M akuwonetseratu kuti akudwala matenda opatsirana kwambiri a fetus, matenda opatsirana a fetus, matenda a chiwindi komanso matenda a chiwindi. Kupereka magazi pofuna kufufuza kuchuluka kwa ma immunoglobulins a IgG kumachitika ngati pali matenda opatsirana komanso mabakiteriya, matenda opatsirana a tizilombo ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana, AIDS.

Chiyeso cha immunoglobulin A chachitidwa pobwezeretsanso matenda a meningitis, otitis, sinusitis, myeloma, leukemia, lymphoma.

Kulephera

Kuperewera kwa ma antibodies a gawo lirilonse limasonyeza kukhalapo kwa thupi la immunodeficiency. Zingakhale zomwenso zapachiyambi, zomwe ndizopambana, ndi zachiwiri, zimapezedwa. Amawonetseredwa ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amabwera nthawi zonse. Chosowa kwambiri cha IgG ndi immunoglobulin. Izi zikufotokozedwa mwa kuwonjezeka kwachisamaliro kwa matenda. Zomwe zimayambitsa kutuluka kwa ma immunodeficience zikhoza kukhala zosiyana - kuchokera ku matenda okhudzana ndi zakudya zomwe zimayambitsa ma radiation.

Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa thupi laumunoglobulin

Immunoglobulin si maselo enieni okha omwe amapanga chitetezo, komanso chinthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mochiritsira. Zapangidwa mwa mitundu iwiri:

• Njira yothetsera jekeseni;
• Powderani chifukwa cha maubwenzi.

Mankhwala otchedwa immunoglobulin angapangidwe kuti apatsidwe mankhwala:

• Mafomu omwenso amadziwika ndipakati ndi apakati;
• Matenda oopsa a tizilombo ndi mabakiteriya;
• Matenda osiyanasiyana;
• AIDS m'mabanja;
• Kupewa matenda kumatenda asanakwane.

Anti-allergenic immunoglobulin amatha kusintha kwambiri matenda a mwana ndi vuto lolowerera mobwerezabwereza. Ikhoza kusankhidwa kokha ndi dokotala woyenerera.

Monga gawo la katemera woteteza, mungapezenso ma immunoglobulin. Seramu imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga thupi lopanda chitetezo. Zina mwa katemera motsutsana ndi chimfine, rubella, mitsempha, chikuku.

Kuchiza ndi immunoglobulins

Kuchiza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito maselo a chitetezo cha mthupi kumachitika kokha kuchipatala, chifukwa pali zotsatira zochepa:

• Fever, chills, mutu;
• Kupuma pang'ono, chifuwa chouma;
• Kuthamanga, kutsegula m'mimba, rezi mmimba;
• Kugona, kufooka, kukhudzidwa kuunika;
• Tachycardia, vuto la chifuwa.

Pazifukwa zovuta kwambiri zomwe adokotala akukonzekera, akhoza kukonzekera kwa amayi apakati komanso panthawi yopatsira mwana.

Kumene angagule mankhwala ndi immunoglobulin

Gwiritsani mankhwala omwe ali ndi maselo okhudzana ndi chitetezo cha mthupi angakhale pa pharmacy. Kuphatikizidwa ndi malangizo ofotokozedwa, kutsutsana ndi mlingo. Koma kugula ndi kumwa mankhwala popanda kusankhidwa sikuli koyenera. Mtengo wa immunoglobulin wamakono khumi ndi awiri a 800-900 rubles. Botolo la 25-millimeter la jekeseni wamkati limatenga pafupifupi 2,600 rubles. Mu pharmacy mukhoza kugula mankhwala kuti mutetezedwe mwachangu, kuphatikizapo immunoglobulin. Mtengo wake udzakhala wapamwamba kwambiri, koma ndizofunikira kwa munthu amene wagwa ndi mliri wa mliri.

Immunoglobulin ndi mapuloteni ochuluka omwe alibe kapena kusowa kwenikweni kumakhudza chikhalidwe cha thupi la munthu. Kutalikirana ndi madzi a m'magazi a magazi, amapezeka m'magulu ambiri osokoneza bongo.