Kodi kusintha kasewenzetsedwe ka mau? Mneni zimasiyanasiyana nthawi, ndi manambala, a genera ndi

Mneni ndi kutsogolera, pamodzi ndi nauni, gawo la mawu a chinenero cha Chirasha. Ndipamene pachimake pempholo, anamaliza ndondomekoyi. Mmene verebu anasintha nthawi, maganizo, anthu, chiwerengero cha tchuthi, ayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi.

Mneni: zizindikiro okhazikika

mbali zonse za mawu chibadidwe amenewa kapena zizindikiro. Zosasintha ankaona mneni conjugation ndi maganizo, reflexivity ndi transitivity. Kasewenzetsedwe ka mau zosiyanasiyana anthu. Chikhalidwe cha kusintha amasonyeza mtundu wa conjugation - 1 kapena 2. kusiyana zamalankhulidwe pakati kasewenzetsedwe ka mau a conjugations osiyana ayi. Kusiyana kwa mathero munthu: 1 munthu -em, Eks, -esh, -ete, Ym (-yut), mu 2 - kwa iwo, -um, -ish, -ite, -AT (s) kuti kunja. Mtundu cholinga kusonyeza chiŵerengero kuchita nthawi ya kulankhula. Wangwiro mawonekedwe (funso zoyenera kuchita?) Kodi chifukwa cha ungwiro (zoyenera kuchita?) Kodi ndondomeko. Mwachitsanzo, kupita - apite, ganizirani - kuchiganizira. Nthawi zambiri, kusiyana kwagona kuti kasewenzetsedwe ka mau imperfective kusonyeza kanthu obwerezabwereza, ndi mtundu wangwiro - kamodzi kanthu. Mwachitsanzo, kupita - apite, kuphika - kuphika. Izi zonse wapakamwa chizindikiro monga alipire, akusonyeza madera kanthu kwa aliyense. Kuchira index ndi postfix -sya (msasa): kusambira analaswa yosavuta. Transitivity limasonyeza kuti n'zotheka mneni chinthu ulamuliro - nauni mu nkhani accusative. Kuti ndi mneni kulemba - kusintha, ngati angathe pamodzi ndi mawu, poyankha funso lotani? Ndani: kujambula, kulemba alembe. Mneni wotchi - intransitive, chifukwa sungathe ndi nauni zinachitikira accusative.

ndingaliro

Kasewenzetsedwe ka mau kusintha nthawi, maphwando ndi zina zotero. E., ndiko kuti, yodziwika ndi makhalidwe morphological ndipo sanali okhazikika. Kasewenzetsedwe ka mau amene angathe kusintha mawonekedwe ake, wotchedwa conjugates. Tonga Mbali amatha kusintha maganizo kasewenzetsedwe ka mau, amene amasonyeza mtima wa ndondomeko zenizeni. Choncho, kuonetsetsa ya zimasonyeza maganizo, ndi kuyesetsa ndi makonzedwe. ena onse zizindikiro sanali okhazikika wa mneni zimadalira maganizo. Kasewenzetsedwe ka mau kusintha nthawi yekha mu maganizo zimasonyeza. Conjunctive (makonzedwe) ndingaliro ali ndi dongosolo mwambo: mneni zinachitika kale kuti tinthu + (kubweretsedwa, kuuzidwa). Motelo, ndi kulekanitsidwa ndi suffix -u kapena -te: kulemba, uzani.

nthawi

Time - izi ndi gulu lapadera la achilendo mneni zimasonyeza maganizo. Kungakhale m'tsogolo, akale ndi amakono, ndiko kuti, amasonyeza mtima wa ntchito mu nthawi ya kulankhula. Mneni zimasiyanasiyana kuti nthawi zambiri mtundu. Nthawi ndi olondola ndipo ntchito makamaka anatsimikiza ndi maonekedwe a mneni. Choncho, kasewenzetsedwe ka mau perfective sangakhale pano, chifukwa limasonyeza njira yeniyeni. -l- suffix ndi chizindikiro chachikulu cha kale la mneni: Bambo OVOR, kuphunzira, iye anayima. Nkofunika kudziwa kuti kasewenzetsedwe ka mau zimasiyana ndi jenda yekha zinachitika kale. Zinachitika tsogolo aumbike ntchito mneni wothandiza kukhala ndi infinitive, ngati ilo liri verebu imperfective: kumanga - adzamanga ndi kuphunzitsa - kuphunzitsa. Ngati m'tsogolo muyenera kuika mneni wangwiro mawonekedwe, mawu wothandiza osafunika: kuyendetsa - an'dzacosa, kuyang'ana - tione.

munthu

Category ndi nthawi liwulo kwa ena omwe si okhazikika opatsidwa wapakamwa - nkhope. Kasewenzetsedwe ka mau kusintha maphwando okha tsogolo ndi pano zimasonyeza, mu maganizo kuyesetsa. A munthu wa mneni cholinga kusonyeza ophunzira a ndondomeko mawu (1 kapena 2 munthu: kulankhula, kumvetsera) kapena amene amatchulidwa mu mawu (3 Munthu: mukudziwa ndikuuzeni). mawonekedwe lenileni la mawu akuti amatchedwa mawonekedwe, pafupi ndi yomwe inu mukhoza kubwezeretsa m'lowam'malo: kuphunzira - ndimaphunzira, kuwerenga - timawerenga, kulemba - inu kulemba pansi - pansi, kuyang'ana - / iye / izo akuyembekezera kulukana - iwo pagulu.

nambala

Category wa n'chobadwa m'madera onse variable a mawu a chinenero cha Chirasha. Choncho, chiwerengero cha kasewenzetsedwe ka mau sangathe anatsimikiza kokha mu mawonekedwe koyamba, m'maganizo infinitive lapansi. Kasewenzetsedwe ka mau zosiyanasiyana manambala mu lokhala wosasangalala onse (kukhala - kukhala - kukhala) ndi nthawi zonse (kudzatunga - pogwiritsa - adzayandikira).

mtundu wosasintha

Only zizindikiro okhazikika tinganene mu mawonekedwe zosasintha wa mneni. Awa ndi infinitive ndi gerund. Infinitive - ndiko chiyambi cha mtundu uliwonse mawu. Onse zizindikiro okhazikika wapakamwa ofunitsitsa ndi izo. Iwo accommodates ndi manenedwe a kanthu, koma sangosonyeza relatedness zake zenizeni, ndi nthawi ya kulankhula, malankhulidwe ndi ophunzira kwa ndondomekoyi. Mneni amasintha malinga lokhala wosasangalala ndi nthawi, koma palibe infinitive.

Gerund - ndi chimodzi mwa chikhumbo kuti si conjugated mitundu mneni. Chili ndi mawu ndi adverbs ndiponso limasonyeza zina, kanthu sekondale. Gerund, ngati infinitive, ndi zizindikiro okhazikika yekha. Komabe, infinitive kungakhale mbali yaikulu ya chiganizo kapena mbali ya membala zazikulu, ndi gerund - palibe. Pali milandu pamene participle chiweruzo zimadalira infinitive: Live wokondwera. Wachikondi, wosamalira. Kugula, kupeza. Mu maganizo awa predicativity lagona pa mawonekedwe ake zikutsatiridwa wa mneni.

Inflected mtundu wa mneni amene

N'zosadabwitsa kuti mneni amasintha pa milandu, kapena kani, mawonekedwe ake wapadera - sakramentili. Chili mbali ya mbali okhazikika ndipo sanali okhazikika wa mneni adjective. Participle kupanga maziko a mneni umalimbikitsa maganizo ndi suffixes wapadera kufotokoza nthawi kuti masakramenti ndi kuperekedwa nthawi zonse. Wosasintha khalidwe la ma sakaramenti ndi makiyi. Choncho, mawonekedwe mneni ungakhale chabe kapena mphamvu. Mawu amenewa amanena ngati yogwira kapena kungokhala chete. Mwachitsanzo, werengani (yekha) - mawu yogwira, kuti ndi mgonero weniweni, kuwerenga (munthu) - mawu chabe, ndi participle chabe. Participle anasintha mawonedwe pa nkhani ya adjectives. mawonekedwe mneni zingasiyane mu chiwerengero ndipo genera: kuimba - nyimbo - nyimbo - kuimba, ndi zonse ndi waufupi mawonekedwe (yekha chabe): anamanga - anamanga. Imfa anatsimikiza okha mgonero zonse. Mwachitsanzo, mu chisa bwino - prepositional za buschuyuschego nyanja - genitive, risuyuschemu wojambula pa - dative mokhumudwa nyimbo - malangizo.