Kodi interphase, kapena chofunika kwambiri kayendedwe ka maselo

Kodi interphase? liwulo anachokera ku mawu Latin "yapakati" amatanthauza "pakati" ndi Greek "Phasis" - nyengo. Iyi ndi nthawi yovuta imene selo limakula ndi amasonkhana zakudya pokonzekera magawano lotsatira. Interphase ali kwambiri kayendedwe ka maselo, ndi 90% ya maselo onse moyo imagwera pa izo.

ndi interphase Kodi

Monga ulamuliro, ambiri a zigawo zikuluzikulu maselo kumangidwa mu gawo, kotero kuonetsetsa kuti ena magawo mmodzi kovuta. Komabe akatswiri interphase chidagawika patatu, wotsogoleredwa pa kugawanika asidi deoxyribonucleic (DNA) mu phata selo.

Nthawi interphase: fezi G (1), gawo S, gawo G (2). Presynthetic nthawi (G1), dzina amachokera English kusiyana, likumasuliridwa kuti "imeneyi", imayamba nthawi yomweyo pambuyo magawano. Ndi nthawi yaitali kwambiri, mpaka maola khumi masiku angapo. Inali nthawi kudzikundikira wake zinthu ndi yokonzekera anawaonjezera kuwirikiza kawiri chuma majini: imayambira kaphatikizidwe RNA, opangidwa mapuloteni zofunika.

ndi interphase mu nthawi yake otsiriza? Mu gawo presynthetic wa anthu ambiri ribosomes, kuchuluka padziko dera akhakula endoplasmic reticulum ndi mitochondria kuoneka latsopano. Cell kudya kwambiri mphamvu ikukula mofulumira.

maselo kusiyanitsidwa alibenso mwayi kugawana, ali mu gawo mpumulo otchedwa G0.

Nthawi yaikulu ya interphase

Ziribe kanthu chomwe njira zimachitika khungu mu interphase, aliyense wa subphases n'kofunika ntchito yokonza wamkulu mitosis. Komabe, nthawi kupanga angatchedwe inasintha, chifukwa anali pa DNA wake kawiri anayamba kukonzekera mwamsanga kugawikana. RNA akupitirizabe apanga, koma nthawi yomweyo zolumukizidwa ndi mapuloteni DNA, DNA kugawanika poyambira.

maselo Interphase mu gawo ili kumatenga sikisi khumi maola. Chifukwa, aliyense wa DNA kale kawiri tichipeza awiri chromatids mlongo, kenako mogwirizana ku mitengo yonyamulira ya spindle mitotic. Mu gawo kupanga, ndi centrioles ndi kawiri ngati iwo ali, ndithudi, ali mu khola. Pa nthawi imeneyi, DNA akhoza chooneka ndi maso.

nthawi yachitatu

Chromatids ndi chibadwa chimodzimodzi, monga mmodzi wa iwo - kholo, ndipo chachiwiri - chitidwe ntchito Mtumiki RNA.

Mwamsanga pamene panali anawaonjezera kuwirikiza kawiri zonse mwa nkhani okwana majini akuyamba postsynthetic nthawi isanafike magawano. Pamakhala mapangidwe microtubules ku umene unakhazikitsidwa kenako magawano spindle ndi chromatids adzakhala mogwirizana kwa mizati. Komanso kusungidwa mphamvu, chifukwa pamene mitosis kaphatikizidwe zakudya yafupika. Nthawi postsynthetic nthawi ndi otsika, amangoona yekha kumatenga maola angapo.

Checkpoints

Pa kayendedwe ka maselo selo ayenera kudutsamo ngati breakpoints - zofunika "chizindikiro", kenako chimatsatira gawo lina. Ngati ena maselo chifukwa sanathe kupatsira ndi ulendo, oyima onse selo adzizungulira, ndi gawo lotsatira lidzakhala Musayambe mpaka nthawi yakuti mpaka iwo kuletsedwa vuto limene kupewedwa ndi kupitiriza ulendo.

Pali mfundo zazikulu zinayi, ambiri amene ali basi pa mawonekedwe. Woyamba kulamulira mfundo selo akudutsa gawo presynthetic, pamene labwinobwino DNA cheke. Ngati chirichonse chiri cholondola, ndiye umayamba nthawi kupanga. Iwo chiyanjanitso mfundo - ndi kufufuza olondola DNA kugawanika. Ulendo mu gawo postsynthetic - ndi kuonanso kuwonongeka kapena zosiyidwa mu mfundo ziwiri m'mbuyomu. Mu gawo lino komanso kufufuzidwa zimene mmene kugawanika kwachitika ndi maselo. Sizilowana yesero ili saloledwa mitosis.

Mavuto interphase

Kusokonezeka kwa mkombero selo kungachititse osati kuti kulephera mitosis, komanso mapangidwe zotupa olimba. Komanso, chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu asayembekezere. Avereji pa gawo lirilonse Koma yochepa kuti zingakhale Mzimuyo bwinobwino magawo wotsatira ndiponso kusapezeka kwa mavuto. maselo chotupa ndi kusintha selo mkombero ulendo.

Mwachitsanzo, mu khungu ndi kaphatikizidwe kuonongeka DNA sadzafika nthawi interphase. Pali masinthidwe kuti kutilepheretsa kapena kusintha chibadwa cha mapuloteni p53. Maselo a palibe blockage wa mkombero selo ndi mitosis akuyamba oyambirira. The chifukwa cha zolakwa amenewa amakhala ambiri maselo owukira, ambiri omwe si yotheka. Komabe, iwo amene akhoza kugwira, kungadzutse maselo zilonda, amene angathe kugawanitsa mofulumira kwambiri chifukwa kuchepetsa kapena kusapezeka kwa gawo la mpumulo. Kaperekedwe interphase kumathandiza kuonetsetsa kuti zotupa zilonda wapangidwa ndi maselo ZOOPSA angathe kugwira msangamsanga choncho.

Kutalika kwa interphase ndi

Nazi zitsanzo zingapo za mmene zambiri mu moyo wa khungu amatenga nthawi interphase poyerekeza mitosis. Mu epithelium za m'mimba ka mbewa wamba "gawo la mpumulo" amatenga maola osachepera khumi, ndipo mitosis chimakhala cha Mphindi 30 ola limodzi. Maselo amapanga msana horsebean anagawa mawola 25, ndipo M gawo (mitosis) kumatenga pafupifupi ola limodzi.

ndi interphase ntchito selo? Iyi ndi nthawi yovuta, popanda imene sizikanatheka kukanakhala mitosis osati kokha, komanso selo ntchito wonse.