Kirov SERGEY Mironovich: yonena, banja, zosangalatsa mfundo

Kirov SERGEY Mironovich ndi ndani? The yonena za munthu uyu ndi zonse zimenezi, zomwe mbiri limachititsa anamuika iye pa malo apadera mwa atsogoleri a utsogoleri chipani m'nthawi ya Soviet Union. Ngakhale imfa yake inali amapereka kwa chiyambi cha zochitika kwambiri ankati miyoyo ya anthu oposa khumi ndi wosalakwa.

Kirov SERGEY Mironovich: yonena za kunachitika wamng'ono

S. M. Kirov anabadwa 27 pa March 1886 mu Urzhum (mzinda wa m'chigawo Vyatka) m'banja la ogwira ntchito yosavuta. Mnyamatayo anali ndi zaka eyiti zokha pamene anali opanda makolo: Mayi anga anamwalira, bambo anga anapita kuntchito, mbisoweka popanda sanachite. Ndipo ngati alongo anatenga Sergei kwa agogo ake, ndiye anandituma pamsasa kwa ana. Mwa njira, pamene dzina la mtsogoleri chipani m'tsogolo Kostrikov. Kirov anakhala patapita nthawi yaitali. Koma zinthu oyamba.

SERGEY ros anzeru ndi olimbika ntchito mwana, kuphunzira kwa zilibe kulenga vuto. Ndi bwino maphunziro kunyumba parishi wake Urzhum poyamba, ndiyeno sukulu mudzi, mnyamata, anasankha malangizo a aphunzitsi awo, anapita ku Kazan, pamene Iye adalowa Zimango ndi kukonza promuchilische ndipo mu 1904 anamaliza kwakukuru, kujowina asanu omaliza bwino.

Mu chaka chomwecho Kostrikov anasamukira ku Tomsk ndipo wapeza ntchito monga draftsman m'bwalomo mzinda, mu kufanana akuphunzitsidwa pa kukonzekera maphunziro Institute of Technology. Koma anakonza tsogolo mtendere akwaniritsidwa sanali fated.

SERGEY, lodzala ndi maganizo chosintha akali Kazan, anasamukira ku Tomsk, posachedwapa amakhala membala yogwira RSDLP, ndi Party pseudonym Serge. Mu 1905 iye anamangidwa chifukwa chakubwera zitsanzo, koma m'ndende, silinakhalitse. Pambuyo kutulutsidwa kwa msonkhano wotsatira chipani, iye anasankhidwa kukhala komiti ya Tomsk RSDLP. Iye akukhala kulinganiza wokambirana odana ndi boma ndi misonkhano, kupanga kumenyana squads. Chifukwa, Sergei Kostrikova Rudolph mu 1906. nthawi iyi iye kundende kwa zaka zisanu.

Iye anagonjetsa, koma sanataye

Mu June 1908 SM Kostrikov m'ndende, amene, monga momwe anali kuyembekezera, anafunika kusintha maganizo ake pa gulu chosintha. Komabe, izi sizinachitike. Titachoka kundende, akupita ku Irkutsk, kumene pambuyo pa kukonzedwanso kwa bungwe chipani, pafupifupi inawonongedwa apolisi, kamodzinso akuyamba ntchito mwakhama malangizo chosintha onse mu mzinda ndi Novonikolaevsk (tsopano Novosibirsk). Mu May 1909, Serge, kusunthira kutali chizunzo apolisi, anauzidwa kuti achoke kum'mwera kwa dziko.

Ntchito mu North Caucasus

Mu Vladikavkaz, iye amagwira ntchito limodzi ndi m'dera Cadet nyuzipepala "Terek", kulemba nkhani zochitika tinasonkhanitsa pa chitunda cha "Elbrus" ndi "Kazbek", kusiya review yakukha mu mzinda zisudzo. Apa iye anakomana tsogolo mkazi wake wachiwiri Maria Lvovna yapachiweniweni Marcus.

Mu chilimwe 1911 Kostrikova Rudolph ndi nkhani yakale anabweretsa zambiri Tomsk. Iye analamulidwa ndi kukonza ndi mobisa osindikizira, koma mlandu wake konse kutsimikiziridwa. Kostrikov akugwirabe ntchito "Terek", koma kamodzinso kuti atchuke, zimatengera alias Kirov, amene amakhulupirira kuti apangidwa mu dzina la mfumu ya Perisiya - Koresi. Kuyambira pamenepa yonena za Kirova Sergeya Mironovicha kanthu wapadera n'chosiyana. Ngakhale nkhani zolembedwa ndi iye ndipo nthawi zambiri damning boma, ali wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa anthu otsutsa-apamwamba.

Party ntchito ndi Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni

Mpaka ulimi (1917), S. M. Kirov makamaka kuonekera, ndipo pa nthawi ya kulanda boma, iye sanali anthu amene kwambiri bwanji zinthu mu dziko. Kenako kulumpha chipani yonena Sergeya Mironovicha Kirova anapanga okha mu 1919: anaikidwa mutu wa Komiti Chiwukirano wa Astrakhan. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, ndi chitunda mofulumira ndithu mpaka makwerero ntchito.

Kamodzi pansi pa utsogoleri wake mwachindunji anali wolimba kuletsedwa potsimikizira-chosintha kupanduka mu Astrakhan, anaponya chionetsero, anaphedwa ndi akumatauni Mitrofan Bishop Leonty, Kirov membala wa Chiwukirano usilikali Council wa Eleventh Red Army. Chiyambireni cha 1919 SERGEY Myronovych ndi Ordzhonikidze kutsogozedwa ndi isanayambike mayunitsi awo mu North ndi South Caucasus: March 30 anatengedwa Vladikavkaz, ndipo patatha mwezi umodzi (May 1) - Baku.

Kumapeto kwa May 1920 Kirov yoikidwiratu nthumwi udindo mu Georgia, kumene boma akadali a Mensheviks. Kumayambiriro October chaka chomwecho Sergei Myronovych walunjika kuimira Soviet anapita ku Riga kwa kusainira pangano mtendere ndi Poland, ndiyeno abwelela ku North Caucasus, kumene Caucasus akulowa zigawo za RCP (b). Mu March 1921, monga nthumwi kuti chakhumi Congress wa RCP (b), Kirov ndipo anavomereza taphunzira membala wa komiti yaikulu ya chipanichi.

Mu April 1921 SERGEY Mironovich kuyang'anira msonkhano wa Mountain ASSR (tsopano North Ossetia). Ndipo mu July chaka chomwecho iye anasankhidwa mlembi TSKKP Azerbaijan. Posakhalitsa anakhala wa omwe adayambitsa SFSR Transcaucasian (December 1922). Mu April 1923, nthumwi za akhumi Congress wa RCP (b) kutenga mbali mu Kirov TSKRKP (b). Mutu wa Party Communist la Azerbaijan S. M. Kirov anali azimvetsa Stalin, ngakhale kuti kwenikweni, anakhalabe zazing'ono chithunzi mu ufumu wolowezana wa chipani. Iye sanali tinganene upstart, iye sanafune kuti maudindo mkulu ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo anali ndi mphatso yeniyeni ya kukopa, lili ndi akatswiri malonda kwambiri, koma analinso ndi mbiri Ngopambana kwambiri inanyamuka okhulupirika.

Kirov mu Leningrad

mzimu wabwino wa Stalin kuti Kirov posachedwa zinachititsa udindo wake monga mutu wa gulu Una ku Leningrad. cholinga chake chachikulu chinali kuti ziro zimakhudza motani Leningrad Achikominisi kale mutu wa mzinda chipani Grigory Zinoviev - lumbirolo mdani wa Stalin. Ndipo Kirov bwino, ngakhale kuti alimbane naye, ngakhale anayesa kugwiritsa ntchito mogwirizana ndi nyuzipepala Cadet. SERGEY Myronovych osati akwaniritsa kulamulira bungwe gulu la m'mudzi, koma analinso mwini pafupifupi Leningrad kulamulira monga chilichonse ndipo ngakhale pothetsa nyumba ndi zoweta nkhani. Zachitika pa kayendetsedwe ka mzinda mapeto kukhala lalikulu chithunzi ndale.

Komabe, pali mfundo zosangalatsa - Kirov SERGEY Mironovich Komabe, ndipo akhoza ayenerere apamwamba mlingo wa mphamvu mu dziko, makamaka anakhala membala wa Politburo TSKVKP (b) osati ntchito, zokhazokha lolunjika yekha pa nkhani Leningrad. Izi zikusonyeza kuti mu malo oyamba Kirov anali chabe chosadzikonda ntchito, osati kumanga ntchito. Komabe, iye imayendetsedwa ndondomeko anathamangitsa ndi Stalin, chakuti ndithu zigwirizane. Pakuti Iosifa Vissarionovicha, iye anali wabwino, ndipo ambiri Chofunika, atithandize popanda "mwala pa chifuwa chake."

Koma banja lake sizinayende

Ngati ntchito chikhalidwe onse anali bwino, moyo Kirova Sergeya Mironovicha sanali kutuluka. Mu 1920, anakumana ndi mkazi wake woyamba (palibe deta kusungidwa pa izo). Patapita chaka chimodzi, iwo anali msungwana wamng'ono - Eugene. Koma kunagwa tsoka - Kirov mkazi anadwala kwambili ndi anamwalira atangopereka.

Muzichita atsogoleri chipani mwana analibe nthawi - ntchito mu moyo wake, anatenga nthawi zonse, ndipo Eugene Sergeevne Kostrikova anali kubwereza tsoka la atate ana ake - kupita ku sukulu yogonera komweko. Izi zinachitika makolo ake anaganiza yolumikizana miyoyo yawo wakhala nthawi yaitali bwenzi - Maria Lvovna Marcus. Mkazi mtu adakana mwana wina. Choncho, Kirova Sergeya Mironovicha banja woyambayo anakomoka kwathunthu, ndipo chachiwiri kalasi kuitana zinali zovuta kwambiri, ngati panali kokha Largus Kirov mbuye ndi ana, iye anali atabereka.

Mwa njira, Evgeniya Sergeevna Kostrikova anali woyenera mwana wamkazi wa bambo ake - Kirova Sergeya Mironovicha. Chidwi mfundo ku yonena ake ndi zowonekeratu choona. Pa nkhondo ndi Nazi Germany, yense wamkazi yekha mkulu, lonse thanki kampani kulamulira munthu.

Iye anaphedwa Kirov SERGEY Mironovich?

Akukhulupirira kuti akazi Kirov kufooka. Panali mphekesera zokhudza romances ake ambiri ndi actresses wotchuka ndi Leningrad Bolshoi. Komabe, mfundo akutitsimikizira izi, sanapezeke. Inde, ndi zotheka ana apathengo Kirov Sergei Mironavich nayenso sananenepo osachepera umboni kuti pali. Komabe, Baibulo lina zikugwirizana imfa yake inali mwacikondi. Malinga kopanda ichi, mu Kirov ndinali ndi zakanthawi chibwenzi ndi cinoni Draule - wantchito wa komiti oyandikana. mwamuna wake, Leonid Nikolaev, pakumva za izo, anaganiza zolanga mdani wa, kumupha.

Pali buku lina, limene Nicholas, pokhala munthu zokhumba akamakonda ndi wapamwamba, anaganiza choncho otchuka ndi kupita kumusi mu mbiri, ngati mmene anachitira wakupha wa Alexander II. Ngati kapena ayi - sindikudziwa, koma kuti Mkhristuyo analamula imfa ya chotero otchuka chipani chithunzi - mfundo angatsutse. Ngakhale boma anali chitetezo lalikulu, kotero izo zinali zosavuta Nikolayev, okhala ndi mfuti, kufika Smolny, kumene ndiye anapeza City Party Komiti. Kirov anakumana ku holo ya nyumba ndi kupita pambuyo pake, Nikolaev anamuwombera mutu, kenako kudzipha, koma sanathe, kukomoka.

kuphedwa Kirov monga amapereka kwa kupondereza

Pambuyo kuwatsekela ndi kufunsidwa wa Nikolaev zino, zinadziwika kuti Ofufuza kuti wakupha anachita yekha, ndipo palibe cholinga ndale upandu satero. Koma Stalin sanamvere zimenezi, "anthu ake" - wandale waudindo waukulu, samayenera kufa opusa, choncho, imfa yake angagwiritsidwe ntchito mwayi wanu. Kuchita izi, izo basi akanayenera anagonjera monga chilengedwe ntchito kuwatsutsa.

Pomaliza, pambuyo pa mndandanda wa ndondomeko andale a anthu 17 ndi mfuti, 80 m'ndende, 30 - mu kugwirizana. Zikwi za anthu amene anatumizidwa kuchokera Leningrad monga osadalirika. Mwa njira, ndi mfuti kumuwombera sanali kokha Nikolaev, koma mkazi wake (ananena mbuye wa Kirov) Milda Draule.

Msonkho kwa Kirov

Yamoto Tribune ya zisinthe, kotheratu odzipereka kwa Party ndi dziko, osati yapamwamba mkulu pakati pa anthu, iye ankakonda ulemu ku Soviet Union. Polemekeza mzinda wake Vyatka anadzatchedwa wa Kirov (1934), ndi Sergeyu Mironovichu Kirovu zipilala angapezeke m'madera ambiri a dziko. Kumizidwa "bwana wa Leningrad" pafupi ndi mpanda Kremlin pa Red Square mu Moscow.