Kalmykia: likulu, anthu, chikhalidwe

Cholinga cha nkhaniyi kukhala Republic of Kalmykia. Likulu la dera lino, Elista, n'zosiyana kwambiri ndi midzi ina ya Russia. M'pofunikanso kuyendera osachepera kuti timudziwe bwino zodabwitsa za nzeru Chibuda. Kalmykia koma akhoza kukhala paradaiso alendo, koma dera zonse kusinthika, yatsopano hotelo. Mu dziko ili la wongosamukasamuka wakale angakhale mu chihema, kuwona ng'ombe ya akavalo zakutchire, kuyendetsa ngamila. Kuti mudziŵe mmene angakwanitsire mabwalo a Kalmykia, kumene izo tione ndi kukoma, komanso zimene kubwera nawo pamtima, onani nkhani imeneyi. Ifenso anatsindika mbiri yovuta ya steppe anthu ndi njira yake yamakono ya moyo.

malo

The Republic of Kalmykia ili mu gawo European la Chitaganya cha Russia. Kum'mwera izo malire ndi Stavropol Gawo. Komabe, ambiri a anthu zakwawoko wa dziko la Chibuda. Izi chidwi ndi Kalmykia. Simufunikanso popita ku Thailand ndipo Mongolia kuona pagodas, stupas ndi ziboliboli pemphero la Buddha atakhala mozama. Zonsezi zili Elista. Kalmykia ili kum'mwera kwa Chitaganya cha Russia, ali ndi kukula m'malo lalikulu. malo a makumi asanu zikwi makilomita lalikulu kuposa Belgium, Switzerland, ndi Netherlands kapena Denmark. Iwo umachokera ku kumpoto chakum'mwera pa makilomita mazana anayi makumi asanu ndi atatu, kuchokera kummawa mpaka kumadzulo - 423 Km. Kumwera kwa malire mabwalo a achilengedwe mitsinje Kuma ndi Manych. Mu kum'mwera chakum'mawa ndi osambitsidwa ndi Nyanja ya Caspian. Ku dera la kumpoto-kum'mawa kwa Kalmykia akuyandikira Volga. Ndipo mu gawo kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa malire ake Ergeninskaya phiri.

nyengo

Republic of Kalmykia , chifukwa cha malo ake lalikulu ili mu mabacteria zitatu zachilengedwe - chipululu, theka-m'zipululu ndi steppes. Thandizo apa zimagwiritsa mosabisa, koma chifukwa pali pafupipafupi amphamvu mphepo, nthawi zina kukula mu mphepo youma. Nyengo chokhala mu dziko. chilimwe kutentha angafikire madigiri 42. Zima achisanu, koma ndi ozizira owawa. chokhala ndi nyengo kwambiri kumawonjezera kuchokera kumadzulo kupita kum'mawa. Koma kum'mwera pafupifupi January kutentha ndi okha opanda madigiri eyiti Celsius. Yozizira kunkafika pachimake mu zigawo kumpoto kum'mawa. Pali chisanu angafikire -35 digiri Celsius ndi pansi. Koma dziko akhoza kudzitama ambiri masiku bwino. Dzuwa pano imawala pa 184 masiku chaka. A ofanana ndi yokhalitsa ofunda nyengo - masiku 250-270. Ndipo pamene pafupifupi July kutentha ndi +24,5 yekha ° C, kawirikawiri maxims. Popanda kukokomeza, tikhoza kunena kuti nkhani ya la Russia pa mikangano ya malo Volgograd mutu wa dera yotentha.

chuma

Pa gawo la Republic pali madipoziti zokhudzana ndi Caspian mafuta ndi mpweya m'chigawo cha posungira. Tsopano opareshoni Ermolinskaya ndi Burulsky bwino. kuthekera kwakukulu chitukuko cha mphamvu mphepo m'chigawo ali. Boma Kalmykia ali achitepo kanthu woyamba panjira kuonetsetsa kuti kayendedwe ka misa mpweya musati kuwononga mphanje, ndipo anapindula. Makamaka panopa ikumangidwa Kalmyk mphepo mphamvu. Vuto lalikulu ulimi kusowa kwa madzi abwino. The mpweya ndi otsika - pafupi mazana awiri kapena atatu millimeters pa chaka. Choncho, ulimi zofunika posungira. Yaikulu ya iwo - Chograyskoe ili m'malire a Stavropol Gawo.

Mitsinje ndi nyanja ya Kalmykia

Mphepete mwa nyanja ya Nyanja ya Caspian, lokhala ndi Magombe ang'ono, ndi kuthekera yaikulu chitukuko zokopa alendo ku Republic of Kalmykia. Kalanga, ngakhale kuti si ntchito. Volga mitanda dera la Republic yekha malo dvenadtsatikilometrovom. Other madzi mitsempha ndi Kuma (amalekanitsa Kalmykia ku Dagestan), East ndi West Manych, Egorlyk. Ambiri mwa mitsinje ya Kalmykia ang'ono, adzauma m'chilimwe, ndipo nthawi zina kubala madzi owawa mchere. Choncho, mitunda yaikulu m'dziko ndi steppes youma ndi theka-zipululu. Komabe, n'zosatheka osanenapo za m'nyanja, amene anatchuka chifukwa Kalmykia. Photo Yashaltinskogo Big Lake, inu mwina kale. Mankhwala katundu wa madzi ake kuposa pokhapokha Nyanja Yakufa. Pakadali pano, mmodzi yekha pakati chithandizo waima pa gombe ake. Linamangidwa posachedwapa ndipo zikuoneka posachedwa kumangidwa pano, ndi mabungwe ena ofanana. Ndipotu kwambiri kuti gombe yakuthengo ya nyanza anthu ambiri kubwera kwa kuchiza matenda - kupuma kwa kubalana.

Sitingathe amaiwala yokutidwa ndi nthano nyanja Manych-Gudilo. Dzinali kuti analandira chifukwa cha mphepo, imafalitsidwa padziko yosalala momvetsa chisoni zikumveka mantha. Kukaikira mazira malo waterfowl ndi Zochita-Hulsun. nyanja zina zofunika - Sostinskie ndi Sarpa, Small Yashaltinskoe.

Flora ndi zinyama za Kalmykia

Kalmykia, amene zithunzi nthawi zambiri steppes wosatha ndi theka-zipululu, ndi phunziro la treeless m'dziko lonse la Russia. zomera ikuyimiridwa pano nthenga munda tumbleweed, mitundu ina ndinazolowera nyengo louma ndi dothi mchere. Pa nyanja ya chisa za mitundu zana ndi makumi atatu a mbalame. Awa, makumi awiri ndi zitatu ali Red Book of Russia. Koma wotchuka Kalmykia, ndi chakuti pa m'gawo lake anthu yekha anthu saiga European. Pofuna kuteteza pang'ono kutheratu chithe, mu 1990, izo unakhazikitsidwa ndi Reserve "Black Land". Iwo umachokera pakati Kuma ndi Volga m'dera la mahekitala zana zikwi makumi awiri. Palinso ndi takambirana kale nyanja Manych-Gudilo zilumba khumi. Alendo kuno kuyang'ana swans kukaikira mazira, bustards, zikovili Dalmatian ndi maso akuthamanga ng'ombe ya akavalo zakutchire. Good kukhala Manych-Gudilo zinthu mphepo. Ndiye yendani padziko mafunde nyanja chimphona (mamita mpaka 12 okwezeka!). Mphepo howls ngati zikuoneka kuti mizimu yonsene zoyipa ku Kalmyk nthano akhamukira apa Sabata. Komabe, pa gombe la nyanja mpaka palibe maofesi alendo. Malawi n'chotheka mu siaboma m'mudzi Yashalta kapena mlendo nyumba malo.

Chiwerengero cha Kalmykia

Malinga Rosstat deta cha 2015, anthu mazana awiri mphambu makumi asanu ndi atatu-faifi handiredi moyo mu dziko. Mu kalembera wa 2010 chiwerengerochi chinali 289 481. kuchepa Izi anthu chifukwa kusamuka mkati. Koma outflow uyu utachepa zisakuyenda bwino. Kalmykia pang'ono ndi pang'ono imaleka kukhala wachisoni dera. Mogwirizana ndi yaikulu m'dera m'dera la Republic akhoza adzaweruzidwa kuti kachulukidwe ya anthu ndi chochepa: zinayi anthu pa kilometre lalikulu. Nzika amapanga peresenti makumi asanu anthu onse a m'chigawo. Ndipo ngati inu kumbukirani kuti Republic of Kalmykia likulu lili ndi anthu anthu 103.730, likukhalira kuti anthu kachulukidwe ndi ngakhale ang'onoang'ono. Kuwonjezera Elista, pali mizinda iwiri zambiri - Lagan ndi Gorodovikovsk. Malinga ndi 2010 kalembera zikuchokera fuko la Republic ndi kuti ambiri (57%) - Kalmyks, 33% - Russian, winayo 10% - m'mayiko ena.

akuluakulu

Khural anthu a Republic utenga malamulo. Munyumba yamalamulo ili monga akuluakulu twente-seveni. Hural ndi mphamvu zokonza malamulo. Chikalata apamwamba - Mutu wa Republic. Iye mitu ya nthambi mabwana imagwiritsidwa Boma la Kalmykia. Kwa zaka ziwiri, iye anali mkulu wa Republic Kirsan Nikolaevich Ilyumzhinov. munthu uyu wachita zambiri mitundu Kalmykia, Elista likulu ndi midzi ina ndi midzi apeza European. Mu 2010 mu positi, ndi Pulezidenti wa ku Russia V. V. Putina, m'malo Aleksey Maratovich Orlov.

Mbiri ya dera

Si zophweka ndipo nthawi zina zomvetsa chisoni. Pakuti awa ife anakubwera steppes a anthu osiyanasiyana. Cimmerians, Sarmatians ndi Asikuti ndi Khazars, Huns, Cumans ndi Pechenegs anakwanitsa mzake, anasiya n'chodabwitsa ndi zotsalira za midzi wakale. Nchifukwa chake ambiri amaganiza chikhalidwe cha Kalmykia. M'zaka za m'ma XIII, mayiko amenewa anali mbali ya Golden gulu. Mu Kalmykia, anapulumuka zipilala oposa mazana awiri chikhalidwe ndi mbiri. Asanu a iwo kudziteteza la Russia. anthu Kalmyk, komanso Crimea Chitata, anali wovulalayo kuthamangitsidwa. Stalin analamula kuti anthu anachotsedwa midzi yawo. Zikwi za iwo sanabwerere kunyumba. tsamba iyi yovuta m'mbiri ya Kalmyk anthu odzipereka kwa achikumbutso "Eksodo ndi Bwererani", zopangidwa ndi Ernest osadziwika. chipilala ili mu Elista.

chikhalidwe Modern ndi inextricably zogwirizana ndi chipembedzo wamphamvu mu Republic. Ndipotu Kalmyks - yekha ku Ulaya, anthu ndi Abuda. Kulikonse mukhoza kukumana khurul - lililonse Lama maofesi. Kwa nthawi yaitali, ndi Kalmyks ankaletsedwanso chipembedzo chawo. Panalibe kachisi yogwira ndi okalamba anawonongedwa. Wotsalayo wamkulu - khurul m'mudzi Tsagan-Aman, chibwenzi kuyambira chiyambi cha zaka mazana makumi awiri.

Kayendedwe

Pamafunika kwambiri ya alendo a Republic of Kalmykia likulu Elista. Mzindawu uli ndi ndege imodzi. Pamafunika flights zonse ku Moscow, Stavropol, Rostov pa-Don ndi Mineralnye Vody. Kuyenda pabasi ku likulu la Russia, ngakhale ndege adzakhala mtengo (1,800 rubles), koma zimatengera kuposa tsiku. Kuti tifike Elista sitima, muyenera kupeza kaye kuti Stavropol. Payenera kukhala kusamukira gawo lina kuyendera nthambi ku siteshoni "Odabwitsa." Kuyambira Stavropol ku Elista, inu maola eyiti njira ngati mwasankha mayendedwe pansi. Basi utumiki komanso kulumikiza likulu la Kalmykia ndi Volgograd ndi Astrakhan.

Elista

mzinda uwu umatchedwa likulu la Chibuda. Idamangidwa m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi mochedwa. Likulu la Kalmykia, Elista - tauni yaing'ono. Kuli anthu Okwana zikwi zana limodzi. Choncho, kum'konda, mungathe kudalira pa mapazi awo. Ngakhale mzinda wa nthawi zonse scurrying basi, ndipo chotipinga mu mzinda. Elista kukoma ooneka alendo. Makamaka chidwi ndi kuchuluka kwa stupas pemphero ndi Chibuda akachisi. Ndi bwino kukaona Golden adakhala wa Sakyamuni. Europe yaikulu Chibuda kachisi. Amakhala ndi milingo zisanu ndi ziwiri. chifaniziro chake imakongoletsa wina thwelofu ŵakusanga yokutidwa ndi tsamba golide encrusted ndi diamondi weniweni. Kachisi zotsalira woyera limapangidwa: Mwachitsanzo, zovala wotchedwa Dalai XIV a. The pagoda Zisanu Masiku anaika mapazi asanu ndi pemphero ng'oma ya Tantric ansembe yotchedwa mu India. Chizindikiro mu makalata golide m'zinenero angapo mawu ena.

Kodi kuyesa zomwe kugula

Mu malo odyera ndi omwera Elista mitengo wololera. The chakudya pafupifupi ndalama mazana atatu kapena anai rubles. Onetsetsani kuti kuyesa ravioli "borigi" yokazinga mu mikate mafuta "bortsoki" msuzi giblets, ovine ndi tiyi "Djombo".

Okumbukira Republic of Kalmykia likulu amapereka zosiyanasiyana alendo. Izi makamaka Zovala zopangidwa ndi ubweya wangamila ndipo ankaona mankhwala - Mwachitsanzo, bokosi-yurt. Muyenera kupita ku dera linalake - Elista City Chess. Chirichonse pano khama Chess. Ndipo msewu waukulu wa mini-mzinda - Njira dzina lake Ostap Bender, ndi chipilala kwa chiwembuyo kwambiri. City Chess anamanga Kirsan Ilyumzhinov, mutu wakale Kalmykia ndi pamodzi Pulezidenti wa bungwe la International Association Chess.