Zamalankhulidwe masiyanidwe

Zamalankhulidwe masiyanidwe - njira mwakuchita American zamaganizo Charles Osgood kuyeza tanthauzo connotative mawu, zinthu, maganizo, chikhalidwe. Ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana maphunziro sociological, komanso mu malonda, kufufuza, wosuta zinachitikira mankhwala.

Pali mfundo ziwiri mayunitsi zinenero (mawu): denotative ndi connotative. Denotation - ndi lexical kufunika kwake. Wokhala - koipa tanthauzo. Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani mawu akuti "nyalugwe" kapena "mphungu." Iwo akuyimira nyama, koma connotative awo tanthauzo - mphamvu, mphamvu.

Mu 1950s oyambirira, Charlz Osgud ndi anzake anagwiritsa ntchito Mfotokozera Wamawu Ofananira "Roget a Mfotokozera Wamawu Ofananira" kutulutsa lonse ochititsa kuti, malingana ndi zotsutsana zamalankhulidwe: "zabwino zoipa", "mofulumira pang'onopang'ono", "oyera-yakuda", "wapatali-yachabechabe "" basi wosalungama, "" zofewa zovuta "ndi zina zotero. Osgood wotchedwa lonse motere: zamalankhulidwe masiyanidwe pamene kusiyanitsidwa pamaziko a chiŵerengero cha mphamvu ya kumvetsa zotengera malingaliridwe a anthu matanthauzo connotative mawu.

Kafukufukuyo ankagwiritsa ntchito unathandiza pamene makompyuta ndi kusanthula chinthu kufufuza zambiri zokhudza mothandizidwa ndi "Oweruza" ambiri (anthu wamba anaitanidwa kuti afotokoze maganizo awo), amene ayesedwa malingaliro zoposera zikwi pa mamba ambiri, zamalankhulidwe masiyanidwe. Zotsatira zake zinali atulukira danga zamalankhulidwe - pali zitatu muyeso wa maganizo, aliyense chilengedwe wawo, kaya chilankhulo kapena chikhalidwe. Zimene Anasintha ndi ofufuza ambiri padziko lonse watsimikizira zotuluka pa danga zamalankhulidwe ndi wake unali woyenerera mtanda chikhalidwe.

masiyanidwe muyeso zochita zamalankhulidwe anthu kuti mawu kuwalimbikitsa ndi mfundo mu mawu a koefishienti Akuti m'miyeso ochititsa kuti ena mwa mawu otsutsana mu aliyense mapeto a lonse lapansi.

Pambuyo maphunziro connotative tanthauzo la mfundo zambiri, Charlz Osgud ndi anzake apeza zitatu pafupifupi asanu ndi mfundo lonse: "ziyenera", "mphamvu" ndi "ntchito":

- Good _3 ___ __ 2 __: __ 1 __ __ __ 0: 1 ___ _-: __ __- 2: __- 3__Plohoy;

- Wamphamvu _3 ___ __ 2 __: __ 1 __ __ __ 0: 1 ___ _-: __ __- 2: __- 3__Slaby;

- Amalalikira _3 ___ __ 2 __: __ 1 __ __ __ 0: 1 _- ___: __ __- 2: __- 3__Passivny:

The "0" amatanthauza chiŵerengero cha ndale, "1" - "pang'ono", "2" - "kwathunthu", "3" - "kwambiri".

Monga ulamuliro, munthu amakhala ndi chidwi ena mwa mfundo, monga "Red China" kukam'pempha kuti asa- angapo a mamba. Yosanthula kucheza ndi sikelo angathe pamodzi m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

zamalankhulidwe masiyanidwe njira ntchito pa zifukwa zambiri.

Maganizo adjectival awiriawiri - losavuta, yosafuna njira kotheka kupeza deta zina, zochokera kumvetsa zotengera malingaliridwe a anthu matanthauzo connotative mawu. miyeso itatu iyi kuoneka kupanga mtundu wa "makhalidwe chikhalidwe ndi maganizo" a anthu.

Mu maganizo, zamalankhulidwe masiyanidwe ntchito kasitomala zokha misala kwa tanthauzo la "kudziletsa lingaliro." Ntchito zina za njira zamalankhulidwe masiyanidwe - kafukufuku msika, kusanthula TV, kufufuza chikhalidwe, makamaka anthu mankhwala, makampani, anthu, chifaniziro cha chomwe chiyenera kusanthula kale.

Pakuti masiyanidwe zamalankhulidwe amafuna kafukufukuyu savvy. Komanso, ali bwino chinenero kukhala wokhoza "kumvetsa" Kusiyana kwake abwino. Monga ulamuliro, si kwaana, koma pali kukula maganizo a ophunzira a njira matenda mphunzitsi wa masiyanidwe zamalankhulidwe. chida amapereka zotsatira chidwi m'dera m'malire zilankhulo komanso sayansi.