India: "veda"

A nyengo yatsopano mu mbiri ya India amalembedwa ndi maonekedwe a magwero zolembalemba. Chief pakati pawo ndi mabuku achipembedzo, kudziwika kwa ife pansi ambulera akuti "Veda" (kutanthauza "chidziwitso"); mu sayansi yamakono umatchedwa mu mochulukitsa - otchedwa Vedas, chifukwa imakhala m'madera osiyanasiyana, mosiyana mu chibadwa ndi wokhutira. Ndi mutu limafotokoza nthawi lonse (pakati pa zaka za m'ma II Ine Zakachikwi BC. E.) Kodi nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "Vedic".

Malinga otchedwa Vedas, ukapolo ku India anali ponseponse. Mawu "das" ( "kapolo") amatanthauza "mdani", "mlendo"; Tikutero chifukwa chakuti mu India, m'mayiko ena akale, oyamba akapolo mphamvu alendo. Tsopano tidzakomane samoprodazha, kugulitsa ana awo kuti makolo awo. Ukapolo ngongole izi sizinachitike wapezeka. Mwa akapolo, zikuoneka chogwidwa ndi akazi.

anthu onse nerabskoe anali magulu anayi (varna), amene anali ndi khalidwe la Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira ya; otsata Varna anali cholowa, aliyense wa iwo adzakhala ndi malo ena anthu lolingana mlingo wa otchuka wake, ufulu wake ndi udindo. Woyamba mitundu itatu achikulire; asayembekezere amagwirizana ndi vnutriplemen nym stratification chikhalidwe ndi kulanda wa mafuko matupi pachimake pa ulamuliro ndi makonzedwe. Varna anali ankaona Brahmins apamwamba a cholowa tchuthi ansembe. Wachiwiri enumeration ndi zambiri limatchedwa Kshatriya Varna - otchuka nkhondo (a m'banja lachifumu, atsogoleri, asilikali ndi zina zotero.). Chachitatu VARNA - vaisyas - zinali zambiri kulankhula, umene unali waukulu utakhala kupanga ntchito; Izi zinali zofunika msonkho Varna. Mamembala a vari atatu anali ubwana mwambo wa ndimeyi, amene ankaona kubadwa yachiwiri, chifukwa ankatchedwa "kawiri-anabadwa".

India: "veda"

Iwo anali otsutsa ndi wachinayi Varna - Sudra, amene si mwambo wa ndime ya kubadwanso mwatsopano, ndi zomwe zikutchedwa "odnazh-dyrozhdennymi". Awa anali makamaka alendo, kutengeramo anthu ammudzi, koma ufulu wofanana dziko nawo yanga anira mu Aryan mpatuko achipembedzo sanalandire. tsogolo lawo linali ntchitoyo ntchito wothandiza - utumiki ndi ntchito, katswiri luso, komanso amaonedwa si wapamwamba ntchito siinathe, koma ena. Varna umembala sizingasinthidwe pa chifuniro. Aliyense amayenera kutsatira wotanganidwa yekha ndi Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira awo. Ralegh membala wa Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira apamwamba, pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, anakakamizika kutsatira wamba, iye ndi mbadwa zake kutaya varna wake. Anthu a mitundu yosiyanasiyana sakanakhoza kulowa m'banja, makamaka munthu wa m'munsi Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira mkazi kuchokera Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira apamwamba.

The moyo lonse la Indian - ntchito, maudindo a m'banja, ubwenzi ndi boma ndi zina mamembala a anthu, pochita ntchito chipembedzo ndiponso malamulo wachikale khalidwe tsiku ndi tsiku - zinali ndi malamulo malinga Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira wake. moyo chilamulo monga ya kuyeretsedwa ndi malamulo zipembedzo za makolo a khalidwe amatchedwa dharma. Akuphedwa Indian dharma wa Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira ake ankaganiziridwa udindo yake yaikulu.

India: "veda"