Moyo ndi ntchito ya Lomonosova Mihaila Vasilevicha

Nthawi ya atumwi XVIII unakopedwa classicism. mawu awa ankadziwa miyambo yamakolo cha osankhika a Roma, amene bourgeoisie nascent ankaona wangwiro ndipo wafuna. Nthawi zambiri otsika potsanzira amakedzana rationalism zilandiridwenso. kalembedwe izi, ndi zolinga zake boma, mfundo zochokera kukhulupirira kuti n'zotheka kukonza mafumu abwino, mosakaika, motsogoleredwa ntchito ndakatulo ya Lomonosov.

Koma akatswiri sanakhutire yekha rationalistic view zenizeni.

NKHANI ntchito MV Lomonosov

University zolembalemba zilandiridwenso anauzidwa kuti chitukuko cha miyambo Russian dziko. Iye sanayambe cholinga kusonyeza zenizeni ozungulira. M'mabuku ake adawomba kulengeza zoonadi zopambana za masomphenya m'tsogolo.

Sanakhutire ndi dongosolo mwininyumba, koma ntchito adawomba amanyadira za kupambana ndi ulemerero wa statehood Russian, unakhazikitsidwa mu nthawi Petro.

Ndakatulo moyo ndi ntchito ya M. V. Lomonosova

Ode kuti mabuku walandira chitukuko mokondera. polemba chinenero ichi ndi ntchito kwambiri udindo wa m'nthawi ya cholinga ambiri adauka pamwamba munthu. Chidwi ndakatulo aliyense anaonekera pamene maganizo ake amasonyeza zochitika za boma ndi dziko mlingo.

ode

University Timagalasi ndi N'zosadabwitsa akuwonetseredwa mu kulemba odes. polemba chinenero Izi ndi wogwirizana ndi yankho la mavuto mwamsanga, monga mwa ntchito zimenezi, wolemba ankalankhula mwandakatulo pa nkhani zofunika kwambiri.
Komanso, ode panthawi imeneyo anali ndi tanthauzo lapadera, ndipo analamula kuti miyambo boma. Kulipereka personages awo achifumu, Lomonosov anapita kupitirira yokhala bwalo-ukulu, polankhula pempho lake nkhani yothandiza dziko. Mu ode kuti Mfumukazi Elizabeti, Lomonosov amayimba monga mtetezi mtendere boma. Chiyambireni cha ulamuliro wake unatha nkhondo ndi Sweden.

Wapadera ode wolemba ndakatulo amasiyana expressiveness ndi nzeru. Makamaka zofunika kwambiri iye Ufumuyo yolondola nthawi ndi zochitika m'mbiri. Lyric chiwembu ode za kutenga Khotina yadzaoneni chikuphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa zinthu. Mbali yaikulu ya ntchito amatenga nkhondo ndi maganizo kugwirizana a ndakatulo iyi. Makamaka anatsindika mphindi chifungulo cha nkhondo komwe kuwina "mphungu Russian." Mu kusirira kwa bwino wolemba ikulowa mawu ufulu kugwira ntchito pa kukonda kwambiri dziko lawo la owerenga.

Ndakatulo Lomonosov Mwachidule, sanali makamaka zambiri komanso chapadera. Koma chilengedwe chake cha dongosolo latsopano la versification sitingalephere kukambapo.

Kufunika kwa kusintha wa versification Russian

Mu Russia, izo kalekale vuto la versification. Kuyambira XVI atumwi ntchito kulikonse syllabic mfundo zomwe si kuganizira peculiarities wa chinenero cha Chirasha. Lyrics otchedwa mavesi akuimira couplet angongole nyimbo. Virsheviki lolembedwa Chisilavo, amene analenga yopuma ndi wowerengeka ndakatulo.

Mfundo ina - zimandilimbikitsa, zambiri yosayenera kwa Latin ndi Chigiriki, pamene panalibe gulu la maganizo mphamvu. maziko ake ndi kusinthana kwa phokoso yaitali ndi yochepa.

Mfundo za versification Trediakovsky

Sinthani ndime Russian anayamba Trediakovskii. Iye anapeza kuti pano ali bwino zimandilimbikitsa mfundo zochokera kusinthana kwa syllables anatsindika ndi unstressed. Iye anabwera pafupi kwambiri mfundo latsopano wagawo rhythmic - phazi, wopangidwa mwa osakaniza ndi syllable anatsindika unstressed. Yonseyi zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo mfundo zimandilimbikitsa ndi syllabic versification, Trediakovskii bwinobwino kuchoka ku miyambo ya syllabic Russian. Iye anaika zaluso lake yaitali ndime ndipo anasankha yekha kayendedwe chorea iye. Choncho, monga mpainiya ndime syllabic-zimandilimbikitsa, Trediakovskii kamodzi kokha za mtundu wake.

Kupanga ndakatulo Lomonosov dongosolo

University Timagalasi potsiriza analola kukhala wotsatira zofunika siteji ya kusintha Russian ndakatulo, kuganizira Accentology maziko a ndakatulo, komwe kuli kufanizira pakati mantha-anadabwa, mfulu ndi longitude-zachidule. Kufanana ndi chiphunzitso Trediakovsky kumapeto, ndipo anayambitsa mfundo ziwiri syllable ndi atatu amasiya, ndipo pali kufunika kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyimbo. Lomonosov akubwera zoti kuchepetsa kukula kwa ndime. Poyerekeza ndi mtundu umodzi wa ndime, izo amalenga dongosolo lonse.

Lomonosov ndakatulo unaonekera mwa chilakolako chake kwa iambic, ndiwo ambiri mogwirizana ndi mkulu polemba chinenero cha ode lapansi. Iye anakhulupirira kuti iambic wachulukitsa ukulu ndi otchuka a ntchito.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mfundo yatsopano versification

Chifukwa wakhala pang'onopang'ono akuyendera versification kusintha inakhazikitsa njira syllabic-zimandilimbikitsa ndakatulo Russian, limene liri maziko ake. Mpainiya pano imatengedwa Trediakovskii amene mwapatsidwa maziko ongolankhula ndi zinachitikira koyamba mfundo yatsopano.

Zilandiridwenso M. V. Lomonosova umenewu anali umalimbana chitukuko, kasamalidwe ndi kufalitsa a mwambo lonse ndakatulo. Wolemba ndakatulo wakonda ndi tetrameter iambic ndipo akufotokozera mu odes wake. Malinga Mikhail Vasilyevich, ndi zogwirizana kwambiri kwa anthu otchuka ndi mkulu mlingo wa mtundu wanyimbo ndakatulo. Clematis sequentially zonena ndipo amawachitira syllabo- zimandilimbikitsa prosody, ngati mau oyenera kwambiri Russian. maziko ake anali zikupezeka mu ndakatulo ya Pushkin.

University zolembalemba zilandiridwenso

Chiyambi cha XVIII atumwi ku Russia anali yodziwika ndi njira ina akale a moyo, pamene Europe panali chosintha luso ndi sayansi masinthidwe, komanso anayamba chikhalidwe ndi maphunziro.

Zilandiridwenso University mu mabuku kuonekera mu chilengedwe cha kalembedwe latsopano ndakatulo. Iye ngwa ku chiphunzitso cha chinenero ndi mabuku, iikidwa choyamba Russian galamala ndi apamwamba. Kenako izo chogwidwa zaka ndipo anapitiriza ntchito za A. S. Pushkina.

Creative ntchito University anali umalimbana chilengedwe mabuku Russian. Books lofalitsidwa mu mpingo waukulu, ndipo anali mawu ambiri a Chigiriki ndi ena ambiri amene anali sizoonekeratu kuti owerenga. Chiphunzitso cha mawu Russian kumanga chiphunzitso zochokera Church Chisilavo ndi chinenero wamba, kutanthauza mawu Moscow. Mawu anasiyanitsidwa ndi 3 bata:

• amagwiritsidwa ntchito;
• buku, koma chodabwitsa;
• folksy.

Woyamba wa utatha (mkulu) udaikidwa kulemba odes ndi ndakatulo; Wapakatikati atumikira prose, elegies, satires, makalata bwino mu ndime; otsika - kwa buku la nyimbo, epigrams, ndi comedies lolembapo sankasunga. Pa mfundo imeneyi ya masitaelo m'tsogolo unachitikira chinenero mabuku a m'zaka XVIII.

Monga patriot ndi chithunzi anthu, Lomonosov kwambiri chinachititsa kuti choonadi Russian. Ndi malo wopambana zofunika umenewu ndi Kulenga kwa woyamba Russian yunivesite.

Lomonosov zilandiridwenso mabuku ndi yogwirizana ntchito sayansi. Vesi ndi Russian chinenero ndakatulo katswiri kuposa a m'nthawi yake. Kumasulira ntchito sayansi ku zinenero zina, nthawi yomweyo analenga terminology latsopano.

Za moyo ndi ntchito ya Lomonosov mwachidule mfundo zogwira S. I. Vavilov kuti munthu wina ophatikizidwa sayansi, luso ndi mbiri yakale zofuna ndi zofunazo. Komabe, iwo anasonyeza mchikakamizo cha kuthamanga kuchokera kunja, koma kwa zosowa zapakhomo. Mikhail yekha analimbikitsa anthu kuti amasirira tanthauzo lake, ndi ntchito maganizo awo.

Kufunika kulenga mabungwe atsopano kwa Russia

mabungwe maphunziro apamwamba chiyambi cha XVIII atumwi Russia akhoza kuziwerenga pa zala. Maphunziro ndi anthu okwanira ku mabwalo Kumwambamwamba, ndi kutsikira kalasi anthu akanangokhoza kuphunzira kuwerenga ndi kulemba. choncho Lomonosov linali lapadera yekha osakaniza yabwino ya zinthu, luntha lake ndi kulimbikira asiya kufika pamwamba mu sayansi.

sukulu yomwe ilipo pano singakwanitse zosoŵa za ufumu waukulu. Pali pakufunikira pa akatswiri zoweta ndi Agiriki State University kwa otchuka ndi anthu wamba zinali zambiri.

Creation wa University Moscow

Moyo ndi Ntchito ya Lomonosov anali kwenikweni lolunjika pa chitukuko cha sayansi ndi maphunziro ku dzikolakwathu. Mu 1753 iye anayamba kamangidwe ndi kapangidwe ka yunivesite woyamba wa dziko lonselo mu Moscow, ndipo patapita zaka 2 otseguka ndi njonda chipinda chogona cha Mfumukazi Elizabeth I. I. Shuvalovym. Zinali bungwe maphunziro oyamba apamwamba Russia ndi zimene akanatha kuchita chilichonse amatha achinyamata, kaya kalasi. Ngakhale kuti mu St. Petersburg anali Academy of Sciences, academicians alendo anali kumeneko malo ake apadera ndi sankandilola kukhala talente zoweta.

Mikhail si kuphunzira pa yunivesite ya Moscow, chifukwa moyo wonse ndi ntchito ya University zinachitika mu St. Petersburg.

Koma mwamphamvu anathandiza kukhala Russian sayansi mawu zokhudza akatswiri m'deralo. Patapita zaka zochepa nzeru zonse zokambidwa anali Russian pulofesa.

Makamaka wolemekezeka okha kuphunzitsa ophunzira analandira knighthood. University otukuka, pothetsa mavuto a sayansi ndi maphunziro. Iye anakhala mmodzi wa malo chikhalidwe dziko.

Pomaliza

Moyo ndi Ntchito ya University mwachidule kufotokoza zovuta. ntchito zake akuwonetseredwa mu minda yonse ya sayansi ndi chikhalidwe cha m'ma XVIII. Iye nthawizonse nayo nthawi, kuyambitsa latsopano, wokongola ndipo pang'onopang'ono. The amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwanjira zinthu ndi ntchito mofanana wake poyerekeza yekha ndi Leonardo da Vinci.

Zilandiridwenso Mikhail Lomonosov ndi ntchito yopindulitsa wasayansi anali ovuta chitukuko cha Russia ndi achire ake ku Middle Ages. Iye wakwanitsa chofunika chitukuko cha sayansi ndi maphunziro, amene anasiya anadzakhala zosatheka chifukwa nkhani ya anthu a magulu onse.

Pa kufunika ndi zopereka mapangidwe Lathu wake kuvala ndime ndi ziwerengero kwambiri m'dziko muno mbiri ya chitukuko.