Inde a kuwunika ntchito ya wokhutira ndi zolinga

Komabe, makamaka atumwi wotsiriza mu dziko lathu, izi kusanthula ntchito zachuma a ogwira sanali otchuka. Izi anathandiza kwambiri njira mu chuma, pamene chitukuko amakampani amayambidwa osati msika ufulu ndi malamulo njira chuma lamulo. Choncho, kuwerengera kwakukulukulu inasanduka ngati mchitidwe kulamulira kumalo a ntchito.

Komabe, kugwa kwa boma la Soviet kwachititsa chuma ambiri kuyang'ana mwatsopano pa chitsanzo chuma cha dziko lonse ndi ogwira ntchito limodzi. N'chifukwa chake mu 90s wa atumwi wotsiriza, chuma ntchito zachuma a kumalo a ntchito, makamaka, processing zotsatira anatuluka monga mmodzi wa zida bwino ndi kukhathamiritsa njira yopanga ndi kasamalidwe dera. Iwo anali mu zaka izi, anayamba kupanga njira choyamba, cholinga cha ndilo dongosolo ndi deta processing, chomwe chimathandiza pa kusanthula ntchito chuma kumalo a ntchito. Pankhaniyi, mu malo oyamba atapereka mlandu (moyenera), monga zochokera izo zikhoza kuchitidwa ndi mmene kusintha kwambiri mu dera kupanga ndi kuzisamalira.

Kumadzulo, pa nthawi yomweyo motsogozedwa ndi liwu monga "kuwunika chuma", koma tanthauzo la liwu ndi makhalidwe enieni kulanga kusiyana ndinasintha Chrixitu. Ndipotu chitsanzo Western, mfundo womwenso kusanthula amakampani malonda kudalira kwambiri pa "chiphunzitso zachuma" imene ili yabwino kwambiri chaichi akufotokozedwa m'mabuku a olemba monga Schumpeter, Samuelson.

Koma zoweta mawunikidwe sayansi amatanthauzira maganizo "kuwunika chuma" (kusanthula ntchito chuma kumalo a ntchito) ndi kuchuluka kuchepera kuposa kumadzulo. Maziko kusanthula izi ndi ntchito AD Sheremet, SB Barngolts, MI Bakanova, S.K.Tatura. Pa mtima wa kusanthula mitundu wamba kwambiri ndi ntchito njira ndi luso la kuwerengetsera pomaliza pa mlingo bizinesi komanso mu otchedwa policy- chitsanzo zachuma. N'chifukwa chake mtundu wa kusanthula ali chiwerengero kusiyana kwa njira ochiritsira ndi njira mu dziko. Choyamba, kusanthula izi zachokera mphamvu akupezeka ndi maganizo amene umagwira ntchito chuma pakati anakonza, muwone kagawo kakang'ono ndi mfulu ndi weniweni njira msika chuma. Iwo amachitika mbali retrospective.

Pomaliza zoweta zizindikiro za ntchito chuma ogwira ntchito ndi magulu waukulu: zotsatira za mipherezero ndi zizindikiro za ntchito, komanso deterministic zizindikiro zimenezi.

Njira imeneyi ndi kuwunika kumaphatikizapo kuyerekeza si ntchito ndalama zambiri, chiwerengero cha kuchuluka kwa kubala chikhalidwe chosiyana (ndi maganizo a akauntanti kapena woyang'anira chuma) mbali ya zochitika kumalo a ntchito.

Kuti adzapanga malangizo a kuwunika ntchito chofunika kwambiri sayansi iye mobwerezabwereza anadzatchedwa pansi pa chinthu chotero monga "kuwunika chuma". Mu mbiri ya boma athu ngati kuwombola ndi chitachitidwa kawiri. Nthawi yoyamba anali kumbuyo mu 70 a m'nthawi otsiriza, ndipo nthawi yachiwiri kale mu 90s lapansi. Pankhaniyi, ngati nthawi yoyamba ndi revaluation zinachitika mu chinthu ofunda, monga mlingo dzina. Kachiwiri ngati kuunika mofatsa ndi yakhudza kuya chilango. Izi zimadalira chifukwa njira zikuchitika pa chuma cha nthawi zomwe kwa kukonzanso wa chitsanzo zachuma ndi kulamulidwa kwa chuma msika. Choncho ena mfundo zimapezeka chuma msika, akuyendera mwachangu chitsanzo chathu zachuma.