Human Development Index

Posachedwapa TV akhoza anamva za Index Human Development (HDI). Ndikufuna zambiri kulankhula mwatsatanetsatane za chithunzi ichi, ndi kumvetsa mmene kumatanthauza njira yomweyo.

Mu malo oyamba chitukuko anthu index - ndi chizindikiro zachuma kuti ntchito mu UN kuti aone ubwino wa moyo m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Nkofunika kuti tisasokoneze lingaliro ili ndi khalidwe la moyo, ndi thunthu matanthauzo osiyana. Muyezo wa zamoyo zimaonetsa mlingo wa zinthu bwino, kuti, anthu wosangalala chitukuko zakuthupi. Pankhaniyi, pafupifupi muyezo wa moyo ku dziko akhoza kukhala m'njira mandala anasonyeza ntchito GDP pa unit wa anthu. Ngakhale mfundo "khalidwe la moyo" lili "chosaoneka ndi maso" mbali ya moyo. Malowa angakhale monga moyo ndi thanzi, mwayi kuthera nthawi yawo yonse yopuma ndi kumasuka, kuchuluka kwa chikhalidwe dziko, mlingo wake mwauzimu, etc.

M'pake kuti kudziwa khalidwe la moyo ndi yovuta mokwanira, chifukwa maganizo amenewa ndithu m'zigawozigawo ndi zovuta, womwenso angapo mbali, kuwonjezera, izo sizingakhoze kusonyezedwa ndi mawu ndalama. Kuti tichite zimenezi, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu wina wa yofunika index, koma musaiwale kuti mu nkhani iyi sikutheka kuwerenga deta ndi wolondola mwamtheradi ndi zolondola.

Kotero kuti wakhala chizindikiro yofunika ya chitukuko anthu index, amene anayamba kupanga mu 1990 ndi chuma awiri achilendo: Pakistani Mahbub ul-Mahaki ndi Indian Amartya Sen. Pambuyo pake, kuyambira 1993, lipoti la UN pachaka amawononga molimba pa chitukuko cha chizindikiro ichi kuti amasonyeza kufunika kwa HDI mayiko ambiri a dziko. Chonde dziwani kuti n'kuŵerengera UN, wodziwika anachedwa zaka 2.

umphawi index, amene Komabe, si chimagwiritsidwa ntchito - ndi muyeso zina wakhala anayambitsa kwa HDI. Mwina chifukwa chachikulu ichi ndi dzina dissonant, amene amanyalanyaza dongosolo capitalist a m'mayiko ambiri. Mwa njira, chithunzi chimenechi masamu ngati index angathe anthu.

Pakati pake penipeni, ndi HDI lili zowonetsera atatu - muyezo wa amoyo kuti akhoza ayesedwa ndi aakulu mankhwala zoweta pa munthu, maphunziro index, ndiko kuti, mlingo wa lolemba la anthu, komanso amayembekeza kukhala ndi moyo.

Education zizindikiro monga mlingo wa kulemba wamkulu, komanso kuchuluka wonse wa ophunzira. Kuti chiwerengero cha anthu kulemba pakati pa anthu a boma, umene uli kale ndi zaka 15 ndipo tinganene kuti chizindikiro cha mlingo. Kulemba munthu angatchedwe munthu amene amatha kulemba ndi kuwerenga mawu osavuta zokhudzana ndi moyo wawo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Childs, mlingo kulemba zingathe kufotokozedwa mu kalembera, koma ikuchitika kamodzi pa zaka 10. Pofuna kutsimikizira chithunzi ichi, pachaka ndi maphunziro mosadziwika kuti amafuna molondola kwambiri kudziwa chiwerengero chenicheni cha anthu kulemba. Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku wa anthu kulowa m'banja kapena kulemba anthu usilikali. Izo ziyenera kuti njira yotero ndi kusankha sangapereke molondola ndipo malizitsani kujambula chithunzichi mwa kulemba kwa zigawo zonse za anthu.

The Index Human Development angakhale ndi phindu pakati pa ziro ndi chimodzi. Amaonekera ndi kachitidwe, kumene masamu kodi ndiye n'komwe ntchitoyo akalozera onse atatu tatchulazi. Kutembenuzidwa zolozera kufunika index, sipangakhalenso chimaonetsera mtengo n'zosangalatsa kumva kuchokera 0 wina, limachititsa kuganizira zokhazikitsidwa osiyana kwambiri ndi anthuwo mu chizindikiro chimodzi Integrated.

Tikumbukenso kuti mayiko sikuphatikizidwa mu mawerengedwe a United Nations. Small ku Ulaya monga Liechtenstein, San Marino, Monaco, Andorra sanali kufalitsa deta awo. News pa chuma cha mayiko awa likuonetsera kuti HDI ndi mkulu, ngati zaka 10 zapitazo. M'mayiko ena sizinachitike m'gulu bungwe la United Nations, kuphatikizapo kugawa la Serbia ndi Montenegro, komanso Macau ndi Taiwan, koma malinga ndi kafukufuku kuyambirira, ali HDI kwambiri.

A dziko kumene kuli nkhondo, salinso chimatanthauza chitukuko index. Ndi mayiko monga Liberia, Afghanistan, Somalia, etc. Izo zikhoza kapadera kuti chithunzi ichi m'mayikowa adzakhala kwambiri otsika.