Mineralogical Museum. Fersman. Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ku Moscow

Chilengedwe choyamba-sayansi ya mtundu wa museum ku Russia inali Kunstkammer, yokhazikitsidwa ndi Peter Wamkulu. Pogwiritsidwa ntchito, padakhalanso ofesi yomwe inabweretsa mchere, yomwe imabwera ndi mfumu kuchokera ku Danzig. Patapita nthawi, chiwerengero cha ziwonetsero chinawonjezeka, ndipo adasankha kukhazikitsa malo osiyana siyana a Geological ndi Mineralogical Museum.

Mbiri (mpaka 1934)

Mu 1725, nduna ya Mineralogical ya ku Kunstkamera inakhala udindo wa Academy of Sciences, ndipo kusonkhanitsa kwake kunadzaza ndi zitsanzo zatsopano. MV Lomonosov adayamba ntchito yawo, ndipo pofika chaka cha 1754 anapanga ndondomeko yowonjezereka ya ziwonetsero zazikulu za sayansi. Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800, chiwerengero chawo chinafikira zikwi khumi, ambiri adatengedwa kuchokera ku maulendo omwe sanapite ku Russia, kuphatikizapo Altai ndi Transbaikalia. Choncho, mu 1836 adasankha kukhazikitsa Mineralogical Museum. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ziwonetsero zokhudzana ndi geology ndi paleontology, ntchito yaikulu ya bungwe limeneli inasinthidwa. Komabe, mu 1912, motsogoleredwa ndi asayansi otchuka monga V. Vernadsky, A. Fersman ndi V. Kryzhanovskii museum adakhalanso ntchito yaikulu ya sayansi mu mineralogy mu Ufumu wa Russia. Pambuyo pa Revolution ya Oktoba , maulendo opita ku madera osiyanasiyana a USSR adakonzedwa, ndipo zitsanzo zinabweretsa kuchokera ku ndalama zowonjezera za sayansi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zochititsa chidwi kwambiri komanso zozama kwambiri padziko lapansi. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, oyang'anira nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale anapatsidwa Academician A. Fersman, omwe akuthandizira pa chitukuko cha mineralogy sangathe kuwonetseratu.

Mbiri (pambuyo pa 1934)

Mu 1934, pamodzi ndi Academy of Sciences, Mineralogical Museum anasamukira ku Moscow. Anayikidwa mu imodzi mwa nyumba zakale ku gawo la malo "Neskuchny Sad". Linapangidwa ndi Earl Orlov-Chesmensky kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900 ngati malo otchedwa masewero, kenako adasandulika kukhala nyumba ya alendo ku Alexandria Palace. Mu 1956, Mineralogical Museum (Moscow) inatchulidwa kulemekeza Academician A. Fersman, yemwe anakhala ndi zaka zoposa 28 (mpaka imfa yake) atitsogoleredwa ndi bungweli ndipo adathandizira kwambiri chitukuko chake.

Kufotokozera

Mineralogical Museum. Fersmana ali ndi holo imodzi yokonzera masewera, akukhala kudera la 1.2 lalikulu mamita. Amagawidwa m'magulu awiri, pomwe maofesi oposa khumi ndi awiri adayikidwa. Gawo loyambirira, alendo adzawona zigawo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mbiri yosungiramo zinthu zakale, masitidwe a minerals ndi makriststri, njira za mineral mapangidwe, mineralogy m'madera a Moscow, meteorites, mchere watsopano, ndi zina. Gawo lachiwiri la nyumbayi likukhala ndi ziwonetsero: "Makina a Five Continents", "Mafakitale a Zitsamba Zachilengedwe, Miyala yamtengo wapatali ndi yokongola "," mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mchere ", komanso kuyankhula za zinthu zina, mitundu ndi mchere. Ngakhale alendo ena osungirako zinthu zakale akudandaula za maphunziro ake kapena kuti nthawi zina kufotokoza kwa nyumba yosungirako zinthu zakale kumayang'anitsitsa poyang'anitsitsa, izi zimakhala ndi chithumwa ndi kachitidwe kawo. Pambuyo pake, bungwe la sayansi ndi maphunziro linakhazikitsidwa pafupifupi zaka 300 zapitazo!

Mineralogical Museum. Fersmana: zolemba

Miyala yokongola kwambiri imakhudza anthu kuyambira nthawi zakale. Miyala yokongola inali yokongola kwambiri yoyamba ya anthu! Choncho, chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndicho kusonkhanitsa nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale, kuphatikizapo mchere wokhala ndi makina opangidwa ndi kristalline. Zonsezi zili ndi zowonjezera zikwi zinai ndi theka zikwi zisanu ndi ziwiri zomwe zimayimira makina asanu ndi awiri, ndi mchere zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kusonkhanitsa kwina kosangalatsa kumaperekedwa kwa meteorites. Amagawidwa ngati mchere wochokera kunja kwa dziko ndipo amagawanika kukhala chitsulo, mwala ndi miyala yachitsulo. Zina mwa izo ndi zimphona zenizeni, mwachitsanzo, magazi a meteorite Boguslavka, omwe amaimira magawo awiri a 198.6 ndi 58.1 kilograms, kapena "Kainsaz", chiwerengero chonse cha zidutswa 210 kg.

Chiwonetsero chotchuka kwambiri

Mineralogical Museum. Fersman ali ndi miyala yabwino kwambiri ndi yokongoletsera, komanso katundu wawo, zomwe zimachititsa chidwi alendo. Zonse zilipo 8,000 zitsanzo. Zithunzi zazikuluzikuluzi, zomwe nyumba yosungiramo zinyumba zimakondwera nazo (chithunzi chomwe chili m'munsimu), ndi malo akuluakulu a malachite komanso zojambula zamakono kuchokera ku studio ya Carl Feberge, yomwe imaperekedwa ku nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zapadera, kapena kuwonetsedwa mwadzidzidzi panthawi ya kusintha.

Fersman Mineralogical Museum: mungapeze bwanji mitengo ndi tikiti

Kuti muwone mitsuko yambiri yambiri ya ku Russia, muyenera kupita ku Leninsky Prospekt, kumalo oyendetsa galimoto "St. Alexis Hospital". Kuchokera kumeneko muyenera kupita kumbali ya munda wa Neskuchny ndikupita kumanja. Maola oyamba: kuyambira 11.00 mpaka 17.00. Mineralogical Museum. Fersman amagwira ntchito kuyambira Lachitatu mpaka Lamlungu. Tikiti ya "akuluakulu" imakhala ndi ndalama zokwana 200 rubles, ophunzira, ophunzira ndi oimira magulu ena apadera omwe angapange makombo 100. Kuwonjezera apo, mwezi uliwonse pa Lachitatu loyamba ndi lapitalo pakhomo la onse obwera ndi ufulu. Ponena za maulendo oyendayenda, gulu la ophunzira, asilikali, ogwira ntchito m'zipatala ndi ena opindula adzapatsidwa ruble 2,000, ndi anthu akuluakulu otsala (gulu la anthu osachepera 15) - ruble 3,000.

Ofika atsopano

Mzinda wa Moscow Mineralogical Museum (zithunzi zojambula sizingapereke ndondomeko yeniyeni ya chuma cha chosonkhanitsa), ngakhale kuti zakhala zikuposa zaka mazana atatu ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama, sizingakhoze kukhala zosasintha. Ndipotu, sayansi siimaima, ndipo mchere watsopano umapezeka nthawi zonse. Zina mwazinthu zowonjezereka, zimatha kutchula mtundu wa clinochlor ku dera la Korshunov (dera la Irkutsk), mamita 18 masentimita a Dalnegorsk, a Meganite ochokera ku Mexico, amethyst wamtengo wapatali wa masentimita 93, masentimita khumi centimeter corundum kuchokera ku Urals, quartz yofiira ya red orange Dalnegorsk, Patagonian hematite, ndi zina zotero.

Ndemanga

The Mineralogical Museum of Moscow kwa zaka zambiri yakhala yosangalatsa kwambiri kwa aliyense amene ali ndi chidwi ndi sayansi ya chilengedwe. Poyang'ana ndemanga, alendo samakhumudwa, chifukwa zonse zimawonetsa chidwi cha chilengedwe cholengedwa. Kuwonjezera apo, alendo ambiri amadziwa bwino kwambiri nkhaniyi komanso maulendo otsogolera omwe angakwanitse kupereka mauthenga pamapepala opindulitsa ngakhale kwa anthu omwe sanakonde mineralogy.

Kamodzi ku Moscow, onetsetsani kuti mupite ku Fersman Museum, komwe mudzakumane ndi zina zapamwamba kwambiri komanso zachilengedwe zakale.