Hero Cities la Russia: Leningrad, Stalingrad, Sevastopol, Novorossiysk

M'madera populata, monga anthu, ndi tsoka lawo inextricably zogwirizana ndi zochitika za dziko limene iwo akukhalamo. Mu njira zambiri amadalira khalidwe gulu la anthu awo. Mwachitsanzo, m'mudzi akhoza kufa ngati iye anachoka, kapena zaka zambiri kukhala malo aakulu maphunziro a m'dera lonse kuyamika okonda, anakhazikitsa yunivesite kumeneko.

Kodi mutu wa Hero-City

Mu euphoria wa masiku otsiriza a Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, anthu ambiri anaona chinthu chapadera. chakuti May 1, 1945 Leningrad, Odessa, Sevastopol ndi Stalingrad mayina kumzinda ngwazi. Kenako, madzulo a tsiku la 20 Kugonjetsa, mutu amaitcha kuti iwo mwalamulo. Komanso, mzinda wopambana wa USSR anayamba Moscow, Kiev, ndi Brest Linga. Mitu kupereka zaka zotsatira. Makamaka kuyambira mu 1973, anayamba kuvala Kerch ndi Novorossiisk, kuyambira 1974 - Minsk, ndi kuchokera 1976 - Tula. Mu chaka cha chikumbutso 40 ya ngwazi kumzinda wa Chigonjetso anali inalengeza monga Smolensk ndi Murmansk. Panthawi mndandanda wapangidwa ndi midzi 12 ndi linga - Brest. Komanso, lamulo chinaperekedwa mu 2006 ku Mulingo wa "City a usilikali Ulemerero." Mphungu nazo izo, Pskov, Belgorod, Kursk, Theodosius, ndi ena.

Mwa njira, angapo kudziwa kuti ngwazi-mizinda ya Russia si malo anthu okhawo amene ndi ofanana udindo aulemu. A mutu zililinso m'mayiko ena, monga Cuba, Vietnam ndi Italy. The Union of Yugoslavia, izo kupereka mizinda 8, kusiyana okha pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, kuphatikizapo Belgrade, Ljubljana, Zagreb, Pristina ndi ena.

Leningrad

Chintchito wa zokometsera ndi mumzindawo pa Neva kalekale analowa mbiri za nkhondo padziko. Wina December 19, 1940, Hitler anasaina lamulo, limene mwa zina zikutanthauza kuti pamene kuukira Soviet Union Woyamba ankayenera kuti anagwira Leningrad ndi Kronstadt, ndiyeno Moscow. Pamene nkhondoyo anachedwa mpaka September, Mfumu waganiza, mu mawu ake, "kuti njala" Leningrad ndipo analamula kudula njira yonse zoyendera chakudya. Popeza September 8, 1941 anayamba anatseka misewu kochuruka kwa Leningrad, womwe unatenga masiku 872. Ndi wapadera mu chiwerengero cha anthu amene kuti mudzi wa operekedwa kuchisunga kunja mdani m'misewu awo ndi kunyumba. Zonse chachikulu mabomba ndi shelling tsiku lililonse adatengedwa miyoyo ya mazana zokometsera. Komabe, ngakhale ambiri anafa ndi njala, monga chakudya chochepa chabe kosakwanira kukhalabe uziyenda zachilendo m'thupi la munthu.

Ngakhale izi, Leningrad (tsopano St. Petersburg) anapulumuka, mdani sanathe kupatsira pa Palace Square, Hitler akulakalaka izi. Pankhaniyi, mzinda pantchitoyi ndi mtengo kwambiri. Monga tanenera pa mayesero Nuremberg, onse anapha anthu 632.000. Awa, 97% - njala.

Okumbukira zokometsera amunamuna wa Leningrad ndi okhala m'mudzi anapezeka zipilala ambiri, kuphatikizapo obelisk "Hero City" pa Zipolowe Square (onani chithunzi pamwambapa).

Stalingrad (Volgograd)

dzina a m'tawuni ya anadziwika padziko lonse mu 1942. Nkhondo ya Stalingrad, amene miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, anasintha ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Nkhondo zinakambidwa pa nyumba iliyonse, street ndi Alley. Mu mzinda ndi onsewo chikumenyana ntchito mazana snipers. Pa ungwazi wa Stalingrad anthu, zikalata ambiri. Amapereka chitsanzo chimodzi: amasulidwe m'deralo kupanga thalakitala fakitale ikuchitika ngakhale pamene asilikali Wehrmacht anaswa mzinda. Mu kuukira kumeneku Stalingrad pamodzi Volga kumpoto atathamangitsidwa brigade ake ntchito asilikali. Kwambiri ndi anthu anafunika August 23, 1942, chifukwa cha bomba loopsa kuphedwa pa anthu 40 000.

Mofanana ndi mizinda ina, Hero wa Russia, Volgograd moyo imeneyi kukumbukira zokometsera awo unsembe wa zipilala zingapo ndi kumanga chimphona chikumbutso zovuta pa Mamayev Hill.

Sevastopol

Ena ngwazi za mizinda Russian katswiri osati Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. Mwachitsanzo, kwa mbiri 233 zaka Sevastopol mobwerezabwereza anakhala mzere kutsogolo kwa Poteteza dziko lathu. Makamaka, pa Crimea nkhondo kwa miyezi 10, iye anapirira alimbane la France United asilikali, England ndi Turkey. Kulimbana amunamuna a asilikali a, oyendetsa Russian zombo ndi anthu Viktor Gyugo otchedwa kuzinga watsopano Troy. Anthu a mumzindawo adakhalabe woona mtima kwa miyambo ya makolo awo, ndipo zaka 90 pambuyo zotchulidwa, pamene asilikali a Wehrmacht anaganiza kulanda Crimea, ndi ngwazi kumzinda wa Sevastopol anali kumbuyo ndi masiku 250, pamene kwambiri kumbuyo mizere mdani. Kuwonjezera pa okhala nkhondo nawo 23 000 anthu ogwira, mothandizidwa ndi 150 mfuti nyanja komanso kumunda. Ngakhale kumapeto kwa April 1942 anayenera kusiya Sevastopol, pasanathe chaka chotsatira, iye linatulutsidwa ndi asirikali a 4 Chiyukireniya Front.

Hero mzinda wa Novorossiysk

Dzina "Little Lapansi" mu 1970, chinali pa milomo aliyense, monga Buku lachiwiri linasindikizidwa, wolemba chimene mwalamulo ankaona Leonid Brezhnev. Makanema ambiri kunali tingaganize kuti ntchito zolembalemba yomweyo anakhala chinkatilimbikitsa amene mukufuna kulemba nkhani. Koma zoona zake n'zakuti bridgehead "Little Lapansi" anagwidwa ndi asilikali a Soviet ndi lotani kwa masiku 225, anali chimoto weniweni. Chintchito otchuka amene ankalimbikitsa ngwazi kumzinda wa Novorossiysk, palibe chikaiko woyenera chidwi ndi ana. Iye anali moyo imeneyi ndi erection cha zovuta chikumbutso. Mkati mwa chipilala ndi chosema chosonyeza membala ankafika, ndi kumenyana ulemerero zakale, kumene mungapeze zambiri zokhudza zokometsera wa bridgehead ndi zochuluka zawo.

Other mzinda-ngwazi

Za zochita za anthu a Moscow, Kiev, Minsk, Tula, Murmansk, Smolensk, Kerch, Odessa ndi Brest Linga akhoza kukhala nthawi yayitali. Ndi aliyense wa iwo kugwirizana ndi nkhani ambiri amene amasewera kuphatikizapo amuna ndi akazi wamba amene anali asanakumanepo unachitikira mu mikono yake manja ake, koma wotsutsa, kuopsa kwa chiyerekezo cha Tsiku Chigonjetso ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa mdani. chikumbukiro chawo amadziwikanso perpetuated achikumbutso, zipilala ndi mipukutuyi chamadzulo.

Tsopano inu mukudziwa chomwe ntchito gulu anachita ndi anthu okhala mumzinda Russian la ngwazi (Leningrad, Sevastopol, Stalingrad ndi Novorossiysk) pa Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. Zikomo kudzipereka kwawo anagonjetsedwa Fascism ndi sizinachitike akuyendera mapulani misanthropic la Adolf Hitler ndi anzake.