Halley a nyenyezi - thupi lakumwamba kapena lobadwa Chivumbulutso chiyani?

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zodabwitsa kwambiri, zamatsenga ndi enigmatic zakuthambo ankaona kuti nyenyezi Halley a. Kuweruza ndi mbiri yakale, mbiri yake amabwerera tsopano zaka zoposa zikwi ziwiri. Ndipo ndiye yekha kuti zakuthambo yakale, omwe kumene sankadziwa kuti ofotokoza nkhani yomweyo zaka zambiri. Chidziwitso cha asayansi amakono, anthu alitcha kuti Edmund Halley, mosalekeza wasayansi, amene anali wokhoza kuti adzimvera maumboni onse kuti comets, ndi kuyerekeza ndi zimene amakumana nazo. Mu 1705 anafalitsa ntchito, limene limafotokoza maganizo ake za periodicity wa comets kuyenda. A mfundo yomweyo anadza kwa pambuyo mwaona mbiri yakale, kuti panthawi zosiyanasiyana Lapansi itayandikira comets angapo kuyendera trajectories ofanana kwambiri. Zochokera m'chilamulo Newton kukopeka lonse, Halley anaona kuti ndi chimodzi ndi chomwecho lakumwamba thupi akupanga zisinthe wathunthu mozungulira dzuwa mu pafupifupi 75 - 76 zaka. Iye adati izi maonekedwe a chinthu pafupi Dziko Lapansi, koma kutsimikizira chiphunzitso wake sanatero. Pambuyo pa imfa yake, asayansi dziko akanatha kudziwa tsiku lenileni la maonekedwe a nyenyezi ndi Ankayembekezera ulendo wotsatira. Pamene chiphunzitso lidatsirizika, ndi thupi lakumwamba muyaya munakhala dzina la amene anali woyamba anatulukira izo.

Kodi nyenyezi Halley chiyani? China chirichonse pa njira ya zakuthambo kusukulu mukudziwa kuti comets ndi lopangidwa ndi ayezi pachimake ndi mchira popangidwa ndi evaporating zinthu ndi ting'onoting'ono ta olimba. Mu 1986, asayansi adakhoza bwino zimene tichipeza Halley a nyenyezi. Photography, TV images, anaona akamagwira probes European ndi Soviet anaulula kuti nyenyezi pakati theka imakhala ayezi anapanga ndi solidified madzi, formaldehyde, mpweya monoxide. Kuwonjezera chigawo glacial alipo monga fumbi, si oyaka chimasanduka kuwala. Iye ayamba ulendo wake kupitirira kanjira wa Neptune, ndi yomalizira nayenso pang'ono akamafika kanjira wa Venus. Kamodzi zaka 76 Halley a nyenyezi likuyandikira pafupi kwambiri ndi dzuwa. Ndiye ayezi, umene pachimake akuyamba asanduke nthunzi, amanyamula ndi fumbi, chuma miyala ndi ndipamene okondweretsa yaikulu mchira imatsogoleredwa kuchokera dzuwa. particles Large anasiyanitsidwa pang'onopang'ono m'kupita kwa ndege ndi kupanga chammwamba. Kawiri pa chaka, mu May ndi October, pamene dziko lathuli umadutsa kanjira wa Halley a nyenyezi, padziko lonse mukhoza kuona choonetsedwa kwambiri.

Halley wa nyenyezi ndi chidwi osati wasayansi komanso okhulupirira nyenyezi ndi amatsenga. anthu malodza kusonkhana maonekedwe ake ndi mitundu yonse ya masoka. Choncho, malinga ndi nthano, khumi ndi zitatu ndi theka zaka zikwi zapitazo, panali Chivumbulutso, amene anapha chitukuko, ndipo anthu anabwerera ku moyo zakutchire popanda kulemba, zipangizo kulankhula. Malinga ndi kukhudzidwa angapo a okhulupirira nyenyezi ndi pafupifupi tsiku lawo la ndime ya nyenyezi ndi Dziko Lapansi, pa nthawi iyo kukaona mwa thupi lakumwamba pafupi ndi dziko lathuli. malingaliro awo, Iwo amanena kupereka "umboni", koma limasonyeza zochitika zimene zinachitika atatsala pang'ono maonekedwe a kukhalamo ichi dziko: chivomezi ku Lisbon mu 1755 ndi Sicily mu 1908, ku Armenia, Mexico, Uzbekistan, mu 1984 - 1988.

Komanso, zachinsinsi timakonda kukhulupirira kuti chidwi zochitika chowawa mu moyo wa anthu komanso Earth zimachitika fupipafupi, ndi n'zokhudza kanjira malo pa nthawi ndi nyenyezi Halley a. 2012 Japan ndi zosemphana ndi China, kuyanjana kwa chaka cha 1936, kudza kwa ulamuliro wa Nazi ku Germany ndi ku Spanish Civil nkhondo, chifukwa mu zaka za nyenyezi anali pa nthawi ina. Iwo amanena kuti vuto la Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World ndi wosamvetsetseka nyenyezi akudutsa pafupi ndi zigawenga Pluto. zochitika zofanana iwo akuganiza kuti 2017 - 2021 zaka.

Chirichonse chimene icho chinali, koma okhala padziko lapansi posachedwapa kukhulupirira kulondola kapena Bodza zikhulupiriro izi - n'zovuta kulosera zaka pafupi kwambiri, ndipo iye Halley a nyenyezi anatiyendera 2061.