Gulu chachikulu chikhalidwe zikuphatikizapo banja. zina magulu chachikulu okhudzidwa: makhalidwe onse ndi makhalidwe

gulu Social - kuyanjana kwa anthu amene kugawana makhalidwe ofanana: zaka, jenda, zofuna, chuma chawo, ntchito, chipembedzo ndi zina zotero. Zogwiritsira ofanana a anthu ndi mitundu iwiri: za pulaimale ndi sekondale. Ngati mgwirizano pakati pa mamembala a gulu loyamba la umunthu, wachiwiri ali zambiri ofunda, malonda kapena akumidzi.

Kodi gulu chachikulu?

Mwachidule, tinganene kuti ndi mndandanda wa mabwenzi, achibale. Magulu chachikulu chikhalidwe monga anthu pakati pa amene anakhazikitsa asapita, zomwe ndi zochokera makhalidwe munthu wa mamembala onse a gulu. Komanso, mbali ya dera lino anthu ali ndi chidwi kwambiri zokhudza gulu, ali pa maziko ofanana zimakhudzidwa zochita zawo ndi zokambirana. Chotero fraternity towerengeka; mwinamwake zingakhale zovuta kukhazikitsa ubale weniweni pakati pa anthu ake.

Anthu nthawi zonse chidwi funso: gulu chachikulu chikhalidwe zikuphatikizapo banja? Yankhani kumbuyo mu 1909 anapereka zamaganizo American Charles Horton Cooley: iye koyamba kuchita maganizo "gulu chikhalidwe" ndipo anagwiritsa ntchito achibale. Malinga ndi zomwe anapeza wasayansi, banja ndi nthumwi tingachipeze powerenga a dera lino, monga masewero lalikulu ndi yofunika kwambiri kuumba zochita, makhalidwe ndi khalidwe la ana. magulu chachikulu kenako anayamba kuitana ndi zina kucheza kwa nzika zonse.

magulu chachikulu ndi ndani?

Ammudzi yoyamba imene pali maganizo zikulumikizana, ubwenzi ndi umodzi. Otsiriza, poyamba, akhoza osati ndi mlingo yochepa a gulu, komanso lonse chikhalidwe. gulu yaikulu mosavuta kusiyana ndi mayanjano anthu ena. Kodi chibadidwe:

1. Zaufulu.
2. Ndi yaitali, mtendere wa kukhalapo.
3. A ochepa anthu.
4. Awo okhudza malo moyandikana.
5. mitundu ya khalidwe, mfundo ndi malamulo.
6. Yemweyo mwamwayi ndi makhalidwe njira kukhazikitsa mwambo.

Kuwonjezera banja, kwa gulu chachikulu chikhalidwe zikuphatikizapo m'kalasi, maphunziro ku koleji, kupezeka abwenzi, mamembala a gulu masewera, kapena ntchito makapu. Ndi bwalo ili pafupi ya anthu akulandira socialization wawo woyamba, pozindikira kugwirizana ndi anthu ndipo anthu ake. Mu gulu chachikulu chikhalidwe anapanga maganizo lenileni la munthu, mfundo ndi makhalidwe omwe ali chofuna kuchita izo mu akula wake.

mbali

Magulu chachikulu chikhalidwe monga anthu amene mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi ubale wa anthu, koposa malamulo ambiri kapena malangizo apadera, monga gulu la bungwe lirilonse ntchito. Choncho tikhoza kudziwa makhalidwe chachikulu cha ubale izi:

• Pa mlingo, anthu kuzindikira wina ndi mzake si monga onyamula wa chuma chawo ndi udindo komanso anthu.
• Pakati pa anthu anakhazikitsa wochezeka ubale: kukhulupirirana, emotive.
• Kuona mzake, iwo kulabadira khalidwe ndi dziko lamkati la comrade, osati pa ntchito za ntchito yake. Mwachitsanzo, ngati kalasi ali otayika, koma ndi zowopsya, zachikondi ndi wachifundo mnyamata, zidzakhala chikondi ndi ulemu pa ndime ndi ena. Pa nthawi yomweyo maulemu mwina ndimadana nazo, ngati ali wabodza, wamantha ndi Amazemba.

Mawu, kwa magulu chachikulu chikhalidwe monga anthu omwe savuta kupeza kumvana. Palibe chosalowerera ndale maganizo chibadidwe malamulo muyezo ndi malembedwe aantchito.

banja

Nthumwi yowala wa gulu chachikulu chikhalidwe. Yense wa mamembala ake ali udindo wake, mbiri mizu: munthu - ndi breadwinner, mkazi - mdindo wa moto, ndi ana - woyenera olandira a zochitika okwana banja. Ngakhale, monga tanenera kale, anthu eg amenewa ndi ofanana kwambiri, choncho n'zosavuta kuti simukugwirizana kusintha zochita zake. Kusinthanitsa udindo kapena mwagwirizana mapolojekiti awo. Komanso kuchuluka kwa ntchito banja imasiyana malingana ndi chuma chawo, maphunziro, makulidwe auzimu. The kwambiri mwa makhalidwe amenewa, ndi watanthauzo moyo wa banja, pamwamba ake a chikhalidwe, chidwi moyo.

Magulu chachikulu chikhalidwe monga banja, kalasi, Inde, chifukwa ndicho chimene iwo momveka kwambiri zowonetseredwa ndi makhalidwe structural. Ngakhale zili chomwechi, ndodo wochezeka komanso kulembetsa pano: palibe ulamuliro wolowezana, koma pali ubwenzi pakati pa anthu a timu. Izi nyumba ndi zinthu wamba anthu, chikondi pakati pawo, kukwanilitsa kukhululukidwa ndi kumvetsa. Anthu a gulu chachikulu chikhalidwe, ambiri Chofunika amakondana. Ndipo ngakhale pa nthawi Kubverana kwawo pansi mosavuta kuwabwezeretsa ayambanso kith ndi abale.