Kodi pali Nkhalango? The zomera za rainforest lapansi. Nyengo otentha rainforest

nkhalango zotentha - ". Great Land mankhwala" ndi "kuwala" wa dziko, chuma cha mtengo wapatali kwambiri, ndi Kwa zaka zambiri ankakhulupirira kuti iwo amapanga ndalama yaikulu mpweya, koma izo sizinali choncho, koma nyengo konyowa amalimbikitsa opanda cholakwa mpweya kusefera ndi kuyeretsedwa ku zosafunika. Mderali amalima kwambiri mankhwala a zitsamba, zomwe ankagwiritsa ntchito wowerengeka ndi mankhwala boma. Kodi kukula nkhalango zotentha, kunyumba kwa nambala yaikulu mbalame, carnivores, artiodactyla, zolengedwa amphibious, zikhoza azikhala mu gawo lawo, apaulendo zodabwitsa ndi multiplicity ake.

Kufala kwa nkhalango zotentha

Kamodzi zimaonekeratu kumene Nkhalango kukula ngati anafotokoza kuti mtundu wa "amuzungulire" dziko pa dziko. Iwo zili kunyanja chinyezi, otentha youma, kotentha mabacteria subequatorial, ikuimira mzere bwino, linasokonekera kokha mwa mapiri ndi nyanja. Malinga ndi mpweya kutentha ndi kusintha mpweya zomera. m'gawo mvula yokutidwa zomera yobiriwira, drier zigawo yodziwika ndi mitundu namtsata ndi nkhalango m'tchire. Monga ku South America ndi Africa zili yamvula kumadzulo, kum'mawa - ndi m'tchire, ndi pakati - nkhalango yamphamvu.

misinkhu nkhalango

Kufotokozera za rainforest adzakhala bwino ndi kugawa mu magawo. anayi milingo zofunika akhoza kuwasiyanitsa. The ulemu - ndi masamba obiriwira mtengo 70 mamita wamtali, zipewa wobiriwira iwo zambiri okha kuchokera kumwamba, koma m'munsi - thunthu adachitira umboni. Zimphona wopanda mavuto alionse amene angakumane kupirira mphepo, kutentha monyanyira, kubisala pa madenga ena kuchokera nyengo. The kunyumba chachikulu apa - Mphungu, agulugufe, mileme. Ndiye pali nkhalango denga wapangidwa ndi mitengo 45 mapazi. mlingo imatengedwa kuti ndi akorona ambiri osiyanasiyana, muli pafupifupi 25% ya mitundu tizilombo onse. Asayansi amavomereza kuti 40% ya zamoyo zonse mbewu pa dziko ndi pa gawo ili, ngakhale kuti si bwino.

Kodi motere ndi mlingo ambiri, amatchedwa understory, kumene moyo njoka, mbalame, abuluzi, tizilombo kwambiri, ambiri. Pa gawo zinyalala ndi zotsalira za nyama ndi zomera lawola. kulekana amenewa afala kwambiri mu kotentha chinyezi. Apa Mwachitsanzo, nkhalango - nkhalango America South - ndi divisible mu magulu atatu. The choyamba - udzu, zomera otsika, Mumapezekanso, ndipo chachiwiri - mzimbe, zitsamba otsika, mitengo achinyamata, ndi wachitatu - 40 mita mitengo mkulu.

Kuyambira, pamene pali Nkhalango zimadalira ofala mu machitidwe nyama ndi zomera. Mwachitsanzo, mitengoyi ndi zofala M'madera a zitunda yamphamvu ndi otentha m'madera a osefukira magulu mwa nyanja. Apa zomera kukula amakonda kuchita popanda mpweya ndi amaganiza kwambiri mu nthaka mchere. mizu amalola kwambiri kwa malo ya nkhono, nkhanu, nsomba malonda. Malo otsetsereka nkhungu condensation dera kukula Moss kapena misty nkhalango mmene otsika kutentha usiku.

M'madera louma chogwidwa ndi m'tchire ndi rainforest, koma youma. zomera ndi masamba obiriwira, koma xeromorphic ndi undersized. M'madera a n'kupita kunyanja ndi otentha ndi nyengo osiyanasiyana kukula nkhalango variable-chinyezi khalidwe la denga deciduous ndi pang'ono mpesa epiphytes. Zikupezeka mu South America, Africa, Sri Lanka, India ndi Indochina.

Nyengo otentha rainforest

Mu otentha mvula nkhalango kutentha ranges 20 ° C kwa 35 ° C, mvula pano pafupifupi tsiku lililonse, kotero chinyezi ndi anapitiriza pa 80%, ndi m'madera ena monga mkulu monga 100%. Mu mayiko palibe seasonality, kutentha khalidwe la bata. Malo otsetsereka pamene chifunga anati kutentha masana, ndipo usiku mwina lakuthwa yozizira 0 ° C. Nyengo nkhalango zotentha imasiyana malingana woyendera nthambi. Mu kotentha, kutentha ndi chinyezi otsika, kwambiri chinyezi pa equator ndi otentha kwambiri, ndi zone nyengo subequatorial zimadalira chakum'mawa kwa.

mitengo otentha

Mitengo ya m'nkhalango otentha ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi mitengo Nyengo. Pa mbali ya chitukuko anakhudzidwa ndi nyengo, chifukwa pa equator pali seasonality, mvula pafupifupi tsiku lililonse, ndiponso kutentha mpweya 25-35 ° C. Ngati zimphona Russian mwakula kwa zaka zambiri ndipo pali zokwanira kwa zaka 10-15. Mtundu uliwonse wa mtengo anakhetsa masamba ake mu nthawi mosamalitsa kumatanthauza nthawi, kungakhale kawiri pa chaka, kamodzi mu zaka 2-3. Iwo pachimake kwambiri, pamene iwo akufuna, nthumwi zambiri za zomera zokondweretsa mitundu kamodzi mu zaka khumi. Mitengo lalikulu masamba leathery, mphamvu zokwanira kupirira wamphamvu otaya shawa. Mu kotentha ilo limakula mitundu yoposa 600 ya nsungwi, ndi chokoleti mtengo, mtengo wozunzikirapo, Marang, jackfruit, breadfruit, mango ndi ena.

zitsamba zosowa

Ndithu maganizo ndi funso ngati pali mu rainforest chitsamba chilichonse wosanjikiza. Mu mabacteria ndi subtropical ndi kotentha ndi, ndipo apa mu kunyanja ya - palibe. Kumene, pali oimira tchire, koma iwo ali ochepa ndi msinkhu wawo, iwo kulenga. Ndi iwo kukula herbaceous fanerofity asayambe amachokera kwa chaka chimodzi mpaka zaka zingapo, ndi mitengo kungokhala pamodzimodzi. Zikuphatikizapo a mabanja stsitaminovyh, Maratova ndi nthochi. zitsamba kwambiri za masamba bipartite aakulu, koma wofatsa.

zitsamba rainforest

Kodi kukula nkhalango zotentha, chogwidwa ndi magulu awiri a zitsamba: mthunzi-wachikondi ndi mthunzi-ololera. Woyamba amakonda kukula kwambiri m'madera shaded, ndi yamasika amatha bwinobwino pansi pa denga chatsekedwa nkhalango. Onani kuti ngakhale pano mu ulamuliro masana madzulo, chifukwa dzuŵa sangakhoze kudutsa Korona ambiri a mitengo. zomera Herbaceous mu kotentha si ambiri mwa iwo chimakhala chogwidwa ndi Mumapezekanso, udzu, Selaginella. Pakuti lalifupi udzu pazikhalanso fanerofity, ndi zimayambira amene sidzasinthika kwa zaka zingapo. Komanso musaiwale za vneyarusnyh zomera: epiphytes, mphesa, mapulaniwo majeremusi, strangler.

kotentha mbalame

Nkhalango namwali mumakhala amazipanga kukongola, lowala, ndi zachilendo mbalame maonekedwe. Mbali iliyonse umodzi wa dziko akhoza kudzitama za mbalame zina za mtundu wake. Mwachitsanzo, mu kotentha la Asia moyo turac maonekedwe iwo amafanana partridges, kwangochepetsako pang'ono chabe zikuluzikulu. Iwo amathamanga kudya, choncho ngozi, musatenge, ndipo kuti pali magulu skedaddle. Nkhalango nawonso kunyumba kwa nkhuku wokolopa, nkhukutembo, nkhanga regal. Mu kotentha American angapezeke tinamous - zoipa zouluka mbalame ndi miyendo yaifupi koma amphamvu kwambiri. Chabwino, kodi inu simukukumbukira kuwala, mokondwera ndi kulankhulalankhula Zinkhwe, popanda zomwe si kotentha ndi kotentha. Komanso, pa equator, moyo zipatso nkhunda, trogony, woodpeckers, flycatchers, hornbills. M'nkhalango ya Amazon pali hummingbirds, tanagers, atambala miyala, kotingi ndi ena ambiri.

nyama

The zomera za rainforest amakhudza zosiyanasiyana mitundu wake koposa. Chiwerengero chachikulu ndi gulu la anyani kuti moyo mkulu mitengo m'nkhalango moti. The chidwi kwambiri a iwo - izo tsebidy, callitrichidae ndi arachnids wa banja. Igrunkoobraznye yodziwika ndi kukula ochepa, m'litali akamafika zosaposa 15 cm, tsebidy akhoza kudzitama mchira wautali, zimene zikugwira nthambiyi ndi kangaude anyani ndi miyendo kugawa nthawi yaitali.

Koma zinyama nkhalango zotentha si anyani, nawonso kunyumba kwa Nyama Zodya Chiswe, kanyama kameneka, porcupines. Pakati ogwirira lolamuliridwa ndi mphaka - nyamazi, jaguarundi, ocelots, Panther, ku banja galu - kutsitsi galu. Pali ungulates - nguluwe, mphalapala spitserogie. nkhalango zotentha analinso wolemera mu makoswe - possums, Posamu, mileme, agouti.

achule kotentha

A zosiyanasiyana achule ndi zokwawa ndi nkhalango zotentha. Photos of zosowa njoka, achule, ng'ona, chameleons, abuluzi ali sanalinso osowa. Achule zimapezeka m'madera onse a dziko, koma ambiri amene ankachitika mu nkhalango zotentha mvula, monga iwo amakopeka ndi kutentha ndi chinyezi. Pa equator iwo moyo osati madzi komanso pa mitengo, mu axils wa masamba akubisala m'dzenje. Mu kotentha, kunyumba kwa salamanders, ambiri zapoizoni, lalikulu ambiri madzi ndi dziko anaconda boa constrictor.

tizilombo

Ngakhale nyama zina amakhala rainforest tikhoza kuganiza kuti tizilombo ndi chimodzimodzi omveka, zachilendo ndi woopsa. tizilombo timeneti chidwi ndi chikondi cha kotentha, chinyezi mkulu ndipo zosiyanasiyana chakudya - zotsalira za nyama ndi zomera zambiri. Pa equator, mungapeze njuchi mwachizolowezi ndi mavu, zokha pano iwo kusiyana ndi wokulirapo ndipo wowala, anzeru mtundu ife. Ena mwa iwo ndi nthumwi ndi miyendo yaitali, mapiko buluu ndipo thunthu lalikulu, iwo amatha zikhale kafadala lalikulu ndi akangaude. zitsamba ambiri zatupa makungwa - ichi chisa nyerere. Nyerere kuteteza zomera ku kotentha, tsamba zodya kudya tizilombo.

Kafadala kwambiri ntchito pa moyo wa rainforest si kusewera, koma aliyense wapaulendo adzakhala chidwi ndi zosiyanasiyana mitundu ndi kuchuluka. tizilombo Awa ndi ulemerero zachilengedwe a m'dera lino godforsaken. Kumene, sangathe kuyiwala za agulugufe otentha, kokha mu South America, pali 700 mitundu cha zolengedwa zodabwitsa. Ziweto ndi zomera za nkhalango zotentha ndi wapadera, anthu osadziwika kwa dziko. Ofufuzawa chaka njira kwambiri mu ziyangoyango, kuchotsa chophimba cha chinsinsi, amene amasunga limeneli, kupeza mtundu watsopano wa nyama ndi zomera.