Graphite: Ankagawana kutentha, katundu ndi Mapulogalamu

Graphite amatanthauza mchere zosiyana ntchito zake zosiyanasiyana ntchito yeniyeni. Adafuna kusonkhana ndi nkhani mitundu, koma izi si mphamvu yake. Pa nthawi yomweyo wina sangalankhule wa padziko lonse ntchito nkhaniyi, chifukwa cha matabwa ake magawo ndi Mzimuyo kuchuluka kwa ntchito. Osanenapo kufunika zinthu zapadera processing. chakuti limatsogolera mfundo za graphite mu madigiri Celsius angafikire 2800 ° C, chimene chimafuna nkhani ya maofesi apadera kupanga mankhwala komaliza.

katundu wa graphite

Mwa zofunika ntchito makhalidwe a mchere anachira matenthedwe madutsidwe, akanatha kukhala ngati wochititsa magetsi ndi softness ya kapangidwe, amene Komabe, nthawi zonse osati kuphatikiza graphite nkhani. Mokhudzana madutsidwe ikukhudzana kuti akhoza kufika 2400 W / (m * K) kapena kuposa. mlingo Izi zimadalira kapangidwe ndi osalimba zakuthupi. Chofunika, graphite, ndi kutentha limatsogolera anali zosiyanasiyana mu osiyanasiyana 2500 - 3000 ° C, kumakhaladi dongosolo lililonse limatisokoneza. Zimenezi zingakhale zaphindu kwa Kuwulura zina katundu mchere wa waya, koma kutentha mankhwala kwambiri amachepetsa mphamvu makhalidwe. Chifukwa, graphite akhoza kukhala zothandiza ngati chitsulo mu ndondomeko magetsi, koma chifukwa cha fragility adzakhala unusable ntchito buku lalikulu.

mchere komanso osiyana reactivity anakumana ndi zinthu zotakasika, kuphatikizapo mchere ndi zitsulo soda. Komabe, izi zidalira pa zinthu zomwe ndi graphite. Limatsogolera mfundo za 2800 ° C (pa zomwe mchere ndi anachitira ndi mpweya) angachotsedwe kuyaka kwa mpweya woipa mapangidwe.

mfundo limatsogolera

The sipekitiramu wa kutentha limene limatsogolera akhoza kuwapeza graphite ndi yosiyanasiyana. Zikudalira, mwachitsanzo, zolinga mapeto a ntchito. Kutentha komanso kudziwa momwe zachilengedwe ziriri ndi makhalidwe a mchere ina, ndiponso kutsatira kutentha mankhwala pa njira zina za kulimbikitsa graphite. Limatsogolera kutentha pa zomwe n'zotheka kupeza wokonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito graphite, ranges kuchokera 2600 mpaka 3800 ° C. Kuchitanso mawerengedwe Kelvin. Pankhaniyi, izo kale ukufika 4000 ° K, koma mtengo izi zikhoza kukhala kuchuluka malingana ndi chizindikiro kuthamanga. Childs, limatsogolera wa graphite opangidwa opanikizika 105 - 130 bar.

mfundo kuwira

Chithandizo kutentha ndi chifukwa mabizinesi kufunafuna kukweza ntchito za chuma kuti kupanga aluso. Pasanathe ambiri ntchito njira kubweretsa zo mchere, koma amakulolani kusintha zina zimatha kukonza. Funso zimene limatsogolera kutentha ndi kuwira kutentha kwa graphite kumafuna mwachindunji osiyanasiyana chomwecho - kuchokera 3800 mpaka 4200 ° C. Pakhomo m'munsi amasonyeza boma la kusungunuka, ndi chapamwamba - zakuthupi otentha. Kachiwiri, malingana ndi maonekedwe a graphite ndi mitundu ake zinthu mmene matenthedwe kupeza mkhalidwe Napempha kwa mchere wa - kuwira kapena mfundo limatsogolera - akhoza converge.

kulandira luso

Pafupifupi onse mankhwala graphite kuthetsa ntchito imvera ntchito processing. njira yopangira ndi graphite Mzimuyo mtundu zakuthupi. Childs, mu njira ya kusiyana chifukwa cha basi chikoka cha kutentha. Choncho, Kutentha chisakanizo cha phula coke ndi graphite analandira achesonovsky. limatsogolera ndi kutentha otentha Pankhaniyi adzakhala 2800 ndi 4200 ° C motero. Thermomechanical processing njira coke osakaniza amapereka kukhudzana ndi magawo chomwecho Kutentha - kusiyana lili yekha mu ntchito carbide-kupanga zigawo zikuluzikulu. mitengo otsika kutentha mankhwala ndi osiyana pyrolysis njira. Pankhaniyi, graphite lachibadwa kusinthidwa kwa chimasanduka gaseous mu zingalowe pa 1500 ° C. Mu ichi anagawira kuzirala ndi processing njira yopangira m'munsi zosakaniza graphite. umisiri zikuphatikizapo ankalamulira, imene pang'onopang'ono kuzirala ndi kulemera chitsulo.

Ntchito graphite

graphite katundu, monga taonera kale, anatha kupeza ntchito lonse zosiyanasiyana. Izo ntchito mu kupanga maelekitirodi, mapensulo, safeners, zipangizo Buku chingwe ndipo monga lubricant a. Matenthedwe khalidwe mchere anatsimikiza phindu wake monga mbali ya nyumba ng'anjo. Mwachitsanzo, graphite akalowa mbale ndi kupanga crucibles. Koma zimadalira mitundu makamaka amene akupereka graphite. Limatsogolera mfundo za mitundu ina ya zakuthupi 2600 ° C Mwachitsanzo, zimathandiza ntchito zawo mafakitale matenthedwe zipinda processing. Koma makhalidwe electrochemical kulola ntchito ambiri a malonda graphite ngati zinthu wochititsa zomangamanga.

Pomaliza

zipangizo graphite angaonedwe ngati chimango kusintha ntchito m'mafakitale zosiyanasiyana. Quality magetsi ndi matenthedwe madutsidwe, ngakhale limodzi ndi fragility thupi ndi mitengo modzichepetsa kudalirika makina, koma ndi mwayi wawukulu kwa ntchito mchere apadera kwambiri. Kwa miyezo mafakitale processing, graphite limatsogolera kutentha madigiri, lomwe ndi avareji ya 2800 ° C, si kofunika. Konzani ndondomeko limatsogolera kapena otentha zakuthupi sangakwanitse ngakhale ogwira ntchito zing'onozing'ono chinkhoswe mu kupanga zolimba electrochemical. Chinthu china ndi kupanga mankhwala komaliza kwa graphite amafuna osati kutentha mankhwala.