Georgiy Tovstonogov (1915-1989), woyang'anira nkhani: biography, chilengedwe

Georgy Tovstonogov ndi mtsogoleri wa Soviet, People's Artist wa USSR, Dagestan ndi Georgia, komanso madalitso ambirimbiri, kuphatikizapo Lenin ndi Stalin.

Banja

George Tovstonogov anabadwa mu 1915 ku Georgia, mumzinda wa Tiflis. Ndi mzinda uwu umene udzakhale wolimbikitsa weniweni wa mtsogoleri wotsatira. Bambo ake analibe kanthu kochita masewero kapena kuchita, koma ntchitoyi inali yopindulitsa panthawiyo ndipo inali ndi udindo wapamwamba. Alexander Tovstonogov ankagwira ntchito yopanga njanji ndipo anali wolemekezeka wogwira ntchito ku Ministry of Railways.

Koma amayi ake, mosiyana ndi atate ake, anali munthu wopanga moyo wake wonse. Tamara Papitashvili anali woimba weniweni, yemwenso adatsimikiziridwa ndi diploma yake kuchokera ku St. Petersburg Conservatory. George anali ndi mchemwali wake wamng'ono dzina lake Natela, yemwe ali mwana wa Eugene Lebedeva , yemwe anali wamng'ono komanso ali wamkulu , ankakonda ndi kulemekeza mchimwene wake ndipo nthawi zonse ankamudera nkhawa.

Zobwenzi zaukwati

Pokhala wamkulu, George Tovstonogov, yemwe moyo wake sunali wapadera kwambiri, analota kuti apange banja lomwelo monga iye analiri, koma chifukwa cha ichi kunali kofunikira kupeza mnzake woyenera wa moyo. Ndipo kuyambira pachiyambi munthuyo adaganiza kuti mkazi wake, monga mwiniwake, amayenera kukhala munthu wolenga. Chifukwa chake, mkazi wake woyamba anali wophunzira wake wa Salom Kancheli. Ukwatiwo unachitika mu 1943, koma chisangalalo cha banja sichinakhalitse, mu 1945 aŵiriwo adatumizidwa kuti athetse banja. Komabe, mgwirizanowu ndi Kancheli unathandiza kwambiri mtsogoleri: ukwati unamupatsa ana awiri - Nikolai ndi Alexander.

Mu 1958, Tovstonogov Georgy Alexandrovich anaganiza zokwatiranso. Ndipo kachiwiri kusankha kwake kunagwera pa katswiri. Palimodzi ndi Inna Kondratieva, mwamunayo anakhala ndi moyo zaka zinayi ndikulephera kupulumutsa banja - ukwati unatha mu 1962.

Monga chiwonetsero chilichonse chowonetserako, mbiri ya Tovstonogov ili ndi mbiri ndi zochitika zochokera m'moyo wake. Ndipo zingakhale zachilendo ngati biography ya mkulu wamkulu itatha popanda kukhalabe ndi ana ndi adzukulu ake.

M'mapazi a bambo ake ndi agogo aamuna, Alexander Georgievich Tovstonogov ndi mwana wake Tovstonogov Georgy Aleksandrovich Jr. anapita. Onse awiri adagwirizanitsa moyo wawo ndi siteji ndikukhala otchuka owonetsera masewero.

Ubwana ndi achinyamata a mtsogoleri

Monga tanena kale, George Tovstonogov anabadwira ku Tiflis. Ankapita ku sukulu asanakwanitse zaka, ndipo ali ndi zaka 15 amatha. Pomwepo mnyamata wamng'ono wa mtsogolomu wotsogoleredwa adakokera kumalo owonetsera, kumene amalume ake ankagwira ntchito nthawi imeneyo. Koma banja, makamaka abambo, limasokoneza mwana wake njira yina ya moyo. Osakaniza kutsutsana ndi achibale, Tovstonogov amapita ku Tbilisi Railway Institute, kumene akukhala mosangalala ndi abambo ake - mutu wa imodzi mwazochita.

Koma mungachite bwanji zomwe zimachotsa mphamvu zonse ndipo sizibweretsa chisangalalo chilichonse? Osati chaka chonse, Tovstonogov achoka ku sukuluyi, ndipo kale mu 1931 iye ndi woimba ndi wothandizira wotsogolera ku Theatre ya Young People Theatre ya Tbilisi. Mutu mwa munthu wa N.Ya. Marshak mwamsanga anazindikira luso lolemekezeka la mnyamatayo, ndipo motero mu 1933 Georgy Tovstonogov adapatsidwa udindo wolemba sewero loyamba lotchedwa "Proposal" (lochokera pa ntchito ya Anton Pavlovich Chekhov).

Phunzirani ku GITIS

Pambuyo pochita bwino, chiyembekezo cha wotsogoleredwa chikuwonekera kuti apambane. Mu 1933, adalowa mu GITIS, koma msinkhu woti alowe m'sukuluyi ndi ochepa, izi zimapangitsa mtsogolomu kukhala wotchuka kwambiri kuti adzilembetse yekha zikalata, kudziyesa yekha zaka ziwiri. Anaphunzitsidwa ku GITIS wotchuka pa nthawi yomwe akutsogolera komanso aphunzitsi a AM. Lobanov ndi A.D. Popov. Kulowa m'sukulu yophunzitsa za maloto anu, Tovstonogov samusiya masewera ake oyambirira, omwe amamuika pamapazi ake - Theatre for Theatre, chifukwa cha ichi, masewerowa akuwonetsanso machitidwe atsopano.

Mu 1937, chinachake chinachitika kuti Tovstonogov akanangoganizira za zoopsa zowopsya kwambiri - chifukwa cha kuponderezedwa kwa abambo ake, George Tovstonogov adatchulidwa kuti ndi mwana wa mdani wa anthu, choncho, kuyambira chaka cha 4 cha GITIS, mnyamatayo anathamangitsidwa. Pambuyo poyesa zopanda pake kuti abwerere ku kachitidwe ka osewera, chozizwitsa chenicheni chinachitika. Ndipo iwo anasiya mwangozi ndi mawu a I. Stalin, mtsogoleri wa anthu a nthawi imeneyo: "Mwanayo samayankha bambo ake." Zotsatira zake, wotsogolera akubwezeretsedwa, ndipo amaliza GITIS mwanzeru.

Yambani ntchito ya wotsogolera

M'zaka za 1938-1946. Tovstonogov amagwira ntchito ku Tbilisi Drama yotchedwa Theatre yotchedwa A.S. Griboyedov. M'zaka zomwezo, adawona Wojambula wa Anthu a USSR A. Horava, omwe amalola Georgy kutenga chiphunzitso cha gulu limodzi. Kuchokera nthawi ino ku Tovstonogov amayamba kuzindikira mtsogoleri wamkulu.

Maofesi a Moscow

Mu 1946, mkuluyo akuchoka ku Georgia ndipo akuyesetsa kugonjetsa masewera achiroma. Tovstonogov amabwera ku Moscow, komwe amatsogolera maulendo angapo. Kuchita khama ndi kusintha kwanthawi zonse kwa njira zawo ndi mapulogalamu awo ogwira ntchito ndi ochita masewerawa kunapangitsa kuti kuyambira 1946 mpaka 1949 Tovstonogov George Alexandrovich, omwe moyo wake womwe tsopano unkawonekera pamasewero osiyanasiyana, anawongolera bwino masewera awiri - Central Children's and Tourist Realist.

Nyumba za Leningrad

Kuyambira m'chaka cha 1949, mkuluyo wakhala akukhala mumzinda wa Russia - Leningrad, womwe tsopano ndi St. Petersburg. Chaka chino akukhala mmodzi wa oyang'anira, mu 1950 - mkulu wa Leningrad Lenin Komsomol Theatre. M'masewera awa, Tovstonogov potsiriza akupeza nyumba: amagwira ntchito pa masewero ndi masewera, amathandiza ochita masewera mu chibadwidwe, amawongolera luso lawo - zonsezi zinapatsa Georgy Alexandrovitch chisangalalo chodabwitsa.

Chifukwa cha ntchito yake yabwino, Tovstonogov adapatsidwa Stalin ndi Lenin Prizes, ndipo masewera ake onse sakufunidwa mumzinda umodzi wokha, koma m'dziko lonselo.

Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 1956, George Tovstonogov - wotsogolera ndi kalata yaikulu - akuitanidwa kutsogolera Bolshoi Drama Theatre (yomwe imatchulidwa kuti BDT) yotchedwa M. Gorky. Kuchokera mu 1949 mpaka 1956 mu zisudzo izi zidasinthidwa ndi osachepera anayi. Izi zikutanthauza chinthu chimodzi: masewerawa anasiya kugwira ntchito popanda munthu wotsogolera.

Bolshoy Drama Theatre (BDT) iwo. Tovstonogov

Kwa zaka 6 akugwira ntchito monga mkulu wa Leningrad Lenin Komsomol Theater Georgy Tovstonogov, amene moyo wake tsopano unkachitika nthawi zonse, sanadziwitse anthu onse, koma a ogwira ntchito ku malo ena owonetsera ku Russia, kotero utsogoleri wake mu malo ena otchuka kwambiri a dzikoli unangowonjezera Lemekezani anthu.

Osati mwamsanga kuvomereza, mkuluyo adakalibe kuwonetserako pa February 13, 1956. Zinali zoonekeratu kuti kubwerera kwa udindo wa BDT, njira zowonjezera zinali zofunika, ndipo Tovstonogov anagwiritsa ntchito iwo. Malinga ndi malangizo ake, oposa theka la onse owonetsa mafilimu adathamangitsidwa ndipo ochita masewera atsopano anaitanidwa. Moyo wa masewerawo unali kutentha kachiwiri, monga zinalili mmasiku akale.

Mu nyengo yoyamba ya masewera, machitidwe atsopano anayi adakonzedweratu, omwe amodzi amalandiridwa bwino ndi anthu. Pang'onopang'ono, mtsogoleriyo adatha kubwezeretsanso anthu ochita masewera, masewera ndi omvera ake kuti mbali yachangu yomwe inali yochitika nthawi zonse. Koma mtsogoleriyo sanaime pamenepo.

Cholinga cha mkulu wa zisudzo ku Tovstonogov chinatenga zaka pafupifupi 33 - ndipo chaka chilichonse iye adakula kwambiri ku Russia osati dziko lonse lapansi. Chifukwa chake, malo owonetserako, omwe adakhala mbadwa yake, adayika dzina lake: BDT iwo. Tovstonogov.

Woyenera kulandira

Kuti apitirize bizinesi yoyendetsera banja la Tovstonogov, awiri okha adatenga: mwana wa mkuluyo ndi mdzukulu wake. Ndipo, ndithudi, woonerera aliyense anabwera ndi lingaliro loyerekeza zolemba zawo. Ngati mwanayo anasankha kalembedwe kake, ndiye mdzukuluyo, dzina lake la Georgy Alexandrovich, osadziwa zimenezo, linali lofanana kwambiri ndi kulongosola kupanga. Mwatsoka, mwayi wa wotsogolera wa mdzukulu wa Tovstonogov wamkulu sanaululidwe. Mu 2012, ali mnyamata, Georgi Tovstonogov, wamng'ono kwambiri, anaphedwa.

Zaka zotsiriza za moyo

Mpaka imfa yake, George Tovstonogov adatsogolera masewero, ankakhala ndi mafilimu opuma komanso opangidwa.

May 23, 1989 mu BDT anali kupititsa patsogolo masewero atsopano. Woyang'anira wamkulu anasankha tsiku ndipo, atakhala m'galimoto yake, anapita kunyumba ... Komabe, sanafikepo kwa achibale ake. Pamsewu wina galimoto inaima. Georgiy Tovstonogov, mwamuna yemwe anakhala moyo wake wonse pamasewero komanso pamasewero ena, munthu wina yemwe anali ndi mphamvu zozizwitsa koma zosavuta kuzichotsa kuponyedwa kuphompho ndi zochitika zamakono, anamwalira pomwepo. Ndipo kukumbukira kwake kwanthaŵi yaitali ngati munthu wodabwitsa amakhala moyo tsopano ndipo nthawizonse adzakhala moyo.