Frederic Chopin: yonena za munthu wa Oimba zabwino za m'ma XIX

F. Chopin, mbiri yomwe lero nkhani ya zokambirana zathu - ichi ndi luso Polish Wolemba ndi limba. Frederick anabadwa March 1, 1810 m'tauni pafupi Warsaw. Nyimbo mphatso mnyamata akuwonetseredwa ana aang'ono: mu zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, anali akuimba limba, kuyesera kupanga nyimbo paokha. yofunika kwambiri imeneyi nyimbo ndi mphunzitsi wake, W. Zhivny.

Phunziro chiyambi cha njira

Pamene Frederick anali 8, choyamba analankhula poyera monga limba ndi. Pa nthawi imeneyo, Chopin, amene yonena monga Wolemba wayamba m'banda, anali kale olembedwa masewero angapo, polonaises, ndi wina wa akulowera wake.

Kuyambira 1823 mpaka 1826, iye anaphunzira pa Warsaw Frederic sekondale ndipo nthawi yomweyo anatha kulowa Warsaw School of Music Apamwamba. Pafupifupi pamene onse wakeyo anali J. Elsner, luso mphunzitsi ndi woimba. Ndi thandizo lake, Chopin analemba mabuku wake waukulu woyamba pakati pawo - yofanana pa Mutu ndi Mozart, 1st Sonata, Nocturne mu E zazing'ono, Rondo (kuphatikizapo Rondo kwa pianos awiri ..).

Kukhala anamaliza maphunziro ake, Frederick anatumizidwa ku Vienna (1829), amene amachita ntchito zawo kwa anthu. Chaka chotsatira, mu Warsaw chifukwa ndi kudzikonda bungwe konsati chinali chiyambi cha mndandanda wa zisudzo payekha.

Viennese nthawi

Kenako Chopin, amene yonena ndi Zatsala ndi phunziro la ofufuza ambiri anasamukira pa nthawi ina Vienna (1830-1831). Apa moyo kwenikweni akuyamba wiritsani mozungulira iye: Wolemba achinyamata amapita zosiyanasiyana kukaimba, anakumana ndi zounikira za dziko nyimbo za nthawi imeneyo, kuyendera masewera ndi zonse pamalo okongola a mzinda. chilengedwe lilili kupeza maluso awo m'njira yatsopano, ndi Mzimu iye ntchito zambiri zabwino. M'dzinja 1831 Frederick umakumana ku Stuttgart. Ndi apa kuti overtakes iye uthenga za kulephera kwa kugalukira ku Poland ndi kugwa kwa Warsaw. Chidwi ndi zochitika zomvetsa chisoni Wolemba analemba anadzatchedwa "chosintha" Etude mu C zazing'ono, komanso ziwiri zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri ya zing'wenyeng'wenye - D zazing'ono zazing'ono A. Mndandanda wa ntchito wake anati zoimbaimba ochepa limba ndi Banda, Polonaise kwa Cello ndi piano, Polish nyimbo mawu a Mickiewicz ndi Witwicki ndi zina zambiri nyimbo zosangalatsa.

Chakuya moyo mu Paris

Yotsatira sitepe yofunika zimafunika malo Frederic Chopin, amene yonena kale unakhudzadi kwambiri mu mbiri ya Vienna - kuti moyo mu Paris. N'kumene wolemba ndi woimba amayamba kucheza kwambiri ndi Liszt, Bellini, Berlioz, Mendelssohn. Komabe, mndandanda wa njira yake si ogulitsa nyimbo. Frederick komanso osangalala kulankhula ndi olemba ndi luso ndi amisiri maburashi - Hugo, Balzac, Lamartine, Heine, Delacroix, George Mchenga. February 26, 1832, woyamba Wolemba zoimbaimba ku Paris, pa zimenezi anachita konsati kwa pianos awiri, komanso yofanana pa mutu wa Mozart a "Don Giovanni."

A ambiri zoimbaimba zinachitika mu 1833-1835 gg. Koma zapakati pa 1836 ndi 1837 zinali zoopsa mu moyo wa Wolemba kuti: chinkhoswe wa Maria Vodzinskiy anali kusungunuka, ndi Chopin anzanga ndi George Mchenga.

"Golden" nthawi mu mbiri ya zinthu Chopin ndi

Maluwa apamwamba zilandiridwenso Chopin anayamba zaka 1838-1846. The zapamwamba komanso zochititsa chidwi za ntchito zake zinalembedwa nthawi imeneyi. Pakati pawo, - .. Sonata № 2 ndi № 3, m'Chiarabu, Polonaise-zongopeka scherzo nocturnes, Barcarolle, polonaises, preludes, mazurkas etc. Zima Frederick zambiri amachitika amakonda Paris, ndi chilimwe anasamukira ku Nohant, chuma cha Zhorzh Sand. yozizira chimodzi chokha (1838-1839 gg.) Chopin anakakamizika yocheza kum'mwera, mu Mallorca, chifukwa cha thanzi zikuchepa kuwonongeka. Ili pa Spanish chilumba, iye anatha kumaliza 24 foreplay kwambiri.

Zaka zomalizira za moyo wake

Kunapezeka kuti zingakhale zovuta wolemba mu May 1844 - ndi pamene atate ake anamwalira, ndipo imfa yake Frederick anatenga kwambiri kwambiri. Pomaliza kuchichepetsa mphamvu yake yopuma ndi George Mchenga (1847), chikondi cha moyo wake. November 16, 1848, chipani Polish umene unachitika ku London, Chopin yonena kuti akadali amayambitsa mitima, anapanga nthawi yotsiriza. Pambuyo pake, ukupeza sanamulole kuchita chilichonse kapena kuchita ndi ophunzira. M'nyengo yozizira 1849, Frederick inafika pansi. Osadandaula cha mabwenzi oona, ngakhale ulendo Paris Ludovica - wokondedwa mlongo wa Wolemba za - alephera kuwachepetsera mavuto ake, ndipo pambuyo m'chipsinjo katundu anafa. Izo zinachitika October 17, 1849.

Pakadali pano, ndi zotsalira moona kwambiri cha chopereka kuti wapanga chitukuko cha luso loimba za Frederic Chopin. Wambiri mwachidule, ndithudi, sangathe kusonyeza mphindi onse yosangalatsa ya moyo wake. Komabe, akatswiri ambiri ayesetsa biographers molondola ndi ena kuti mumalozana njira zonse za mtima amenewa. Pakati pawo - I. Hitrik A. Solovtsov, L. Sinyaver, L. A. Mazel.