European kusakanikirana: mbiri ndi modernity

United Europe, boma popanda malire - loto wangwiro akatswiri ambiri, kanjedza anthu andale ndi nzika wamba. Koma iye anali wokhoza kutchula osati kale mu m'ma 20.

A mbiri pang'ono

European Union Ganizo maphunziro chiyani osadzuka balamanthu. Iwo anakhala mtundu wa mankhwala a zinthu umoyo ndale ku Ulaya kumapeto kwa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World. Kunali kofunika kukhalabe ndi kulimbitsa bwino wosakhwima pakati mphamvu dziko, kuti akonze kutsutsa kwenikweni kwa njira yatsopano ya chiyambi cha fascism, kukweza chuma mantha, akonzedwe ndi kumapangitsanso kutchuka mayiko wa kutsogolera mayiko Western European pa dziko lonse. Zimenezi zinali zofunika kwambiri makamaka mu kuwala kwa mapangidwe m'misasa ina yaikulu ndale - ndi zokomera - mayiko a kum'mawa ku Ulaya kutsogoleredwa ndi Soviet Union, komanso chifukwa malowedwe mukusowa msika European ya USA. Ndiye China komanso analengeza yekha mokweza zokwanira.

Bwinobwino kukumanizana ndi ena chitukuko chuma msasa aliyense umodzi Mphamvu capitalist anafunika msika wamba, chomwe anthu 250 miliyoni kapena kuposa. Mwachibadwa, munthu aliyense, ngakhale ambiri olemera Western dziko sanathe akwaniritse ziyeneretso. zinthu anali kukula ndi wampikisano ndi ndewu mwa msasa - pakati yemweyo France, Germany, Belgium, etc.

Pozindikira n'loonadi ndi kufunika kulumikizanitsa atsogoleri a State anatsimikiza Nkhani yaikulu: mfundo imene kusakanikirana European zikhazikitsidwe? Kaya kutenga nyemba America, ndipo kukhazikitsa awo United States of Europe, kapena kupondereza mapangano ena m'munda wa mgwirizano ndale, a zachuma ndi malamulo, popanda okhudza ulamuliro boma? Maganizo mphindi pa phunziro ili kumeneko lero, amasonyeza magawo chachikulu cha kusakanikirana European.

EU: pa zinthu zofunika

Choncho, pang'onopang'ono, sitepe ndi sitepe, maulamuliro Western anayamba kuchita malamulo a rapprochement ndi yogwirizanitsa - woyamba pa maziko a zachuma, kulenga "malasha ndi zitsulo" ndi "Euratom", kuchepetsa ulamuliro miyambo ndi bungwe limodzi miyambo m'dera kwaulere kayendedwe mkati ngati anthu komanso katundu, likulu, etc. Ndiyeno inakhalapo ndi akukhudzidwira malamulo malo nkhope ya Bungwe la European ndi malamulo ya ku Ulaya.

Maganizo a mgwirizano amakhala wotchuka kwambiri, ndi bwino kwambiri phindu lake. Kwa zaka zingapo, zikuchokera European Union chawonjezeka kwambiri. Choncho, kusakanikirana European amasonyeza patsogolo kuchuluka kwa ntchito wamba pa zinthu zachinsinsi za boma la m'munda wa chuma chikhalidwe, komanso kusintha padziko lonse lapansi mu ndale za dziko, chuma, komwe kunachitika mu theka lachiwiri la zana la 20.

The chododometsa wa geopolitics nthawi imeneyi n'chakuti, monga yaikulu mpikisano US mu dziko msika , ndi kumenyana ndi US kukopa ndi kukhazikika pa dziko lonse, mayiko EU lankhondo lamphamvu naye mu bloc NATO asilikali ndale Chidani nkhondo Soviet Union, poyesayesa kupambana pa chikhalidwe cha kum'mawa bloc European zokomera.

Kutha kwa dziko la Soviet Union, kuwonongedwa kwa European zokomera chamoyo, ndithudi, sizikanatheka pa dzanja mu West. Mayiko woyambawo ke Warsaw muli ndi ufulu weniweni ndi mwayi kukhalanso, komanso ambiri a mayiko wakale wa USSR. "Ikuthamangira nineties" inakhazikitsidwa osati kwa sadzachitanso analandira udindo wa "boma" pa Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, etc., komanso Romania, Poland, Balkans, etc .., Ie gawo lalikulu, lomwe chinachitika m'chigawo cha mavuto umoyo ndale zachuma.

Pozindikira kuti yekha sadzapulumuka kuti kusakanikirana European - tsopano ndi chinthu chokha, mayiko a kum'mawa kwa Ulaya anayamba kupempha thandizo ku European Union. Inde, ndi Baltic, ndipo kenako Ukraine, inalowa Moldova kwa EU chitupa cha visa chikapezeka-free boma wasanduka chosaiwalika zofunika mfundo yachilendo ndi zoweta.

Ntchito ndi unknowns awiri

Ngati mpaka pa nsonga iyi limodzi European m'dera munamutcha thupi pafupifupi mofanana otukuka zachuma, mayiko a bloc Union pankhaniyi, mwamphamvu zomwe zikutsalirazi kumbuyo anzawo kumadzulo. Chifukwa masitepe wotsatira wa kusakanikirana European anali chifukwa kusankha kovuta: kutenga m'mayikowa ku EU, kuzindikira kuti mphamvu ya kumadzulo mu nkhope zawo kutenga ballast mwachilungamo yaitali kapena kukana kulowa. Koma ndiye aziwaopsezabe angathe posapita nthawi Russia adzatenga kumbuyo malo ake yotayika mayiko amphamvu a. Ndi Eastern Europe kachiwiri adzakhala mu kanjira geopolitical pamudzipo Moscow. Mwachibadwa zimenezi si chidwi ndi West. Brussels ndi Washington chifukwa wokulitsa makomo a EU ndi NATO, kutenga kuchereza zikuchokera awo, osati m'mayiko amene kale zokomera, komanso zitatu limati Baltic.

Kuwonjezera chiwerengero sizikutanthauza kusintha khalidwe. Kuwawonjezera kuchuluka dera limene bungwe ndi dera la mphamvu, ndi EU, pa nthawi yomweyo, analandira ambiri ndithu zofooka "Abale ang'onoang'ono", koma mu Western chuma ku Ulaya anakhazikitsa katundu kwambiri. Ndipo mpikisano ndi United States, nayenso, sayenera kuiwala, America ndi kulikonse kuchita zinthu zawo, ngakhale "abwenzi" ndi European Union.

maganizo

Ngati aliyense Kupititsa gulu lalikulu, osati kumangopita mu magawo a kuphatikiza European zokwera ndi zotsika. Tonga chuma, adzachita zazikulu anali zikumangidwa pa umodzi ndalama European yemwe amayenera kukhala apamwamba kwambiri kuposa dollar pang'onopang'ono aithamangitse ukulu wake pa dziko msika ndi kukweza chuma cha Union. Mu 2000s oyambirira analengedwa yuro, amene amati ndi zolemba malo banki dziko. Palokha, lingaliro poyamba anali olondola. Ndipo mu Maastricht Pangano bwino anali Kwalamulidwa muyezo umene tiyenera kusankha ofuna eurozone lapansi. Chidwi chachikulu linaperekedwa kwa kuchepekedwa bajeti - izo sizinali upambana peresenti 3 GDP. Sikuti aliyense kupsa mu frameworks izi. Komabe, kudera yuro unatengedwa - achita mbali ya kanthu US "opaque." chigamulocho. mtundu wa nthawi bomba, ndi ziwalo EU - Anagwiranso zimenezi.

Koyamba, yuro ali ndithu kupirira cholinga chake, ndi lero mlingo wake ndi apamwamba kuposa dola. Koma wotchuka ndi mu njira ya onse miyambo "wobiriwira" ndalama. A wozungulira watsopano mavuto azachuma kugwedeza Europe, ndi kuopseza kwambiri kukhalako kwa EU. Greece, Portugal, Spain, Ireland kukoka ngalawayo zachuma poto-European pansi. Inde, ndi EU yokha "woyamba makolo" sinditi bwino, mavuto - vuto ndi. Zikuonekeratu kuti kusakanikirana European si anapatsa magawo zotsatirazi linakhalapo. M'mayiko mavuto Finance ndi amakhoma misonkho zawo - zodula, ngakhale kuti othandizira ndalama zikuluzikulu za eurozone lapansi. Koma chododometsa china: kuthekera kuchotsa mayiko ballast alibe. zochita Zokonza kwa kukhazikitsidwa kwa bungwe la European Union, m'dera yuro akupangidwa koma linanena bungwe la malamulo amenewa - palibe! Ndipo iwo kutuluka brainchild wake, kulenga kugwirizananso yotsogolera limati Western simungathe - kapena antagonized anansi ake akale ndi anzake. Ndipo Putin a Russia ndi pamzere olondola n'kumaona kulimbikitsa danga pambuyo Soviet ndi musaphonye mwayi wobwerera ku dera wake wakale wa chikoka mu Europe.

anapezazo

Choncho, kuteteza kulephera awo, mizati ya EU, makamaka Germany ndi France, makamaka anakakamizika kuthandiza anzawo. Amene apindule izi? Yankho lake ndi losavuta. yuro samakhulupiriranso ake ndipo sangathe kupikisana ndi dollar US. Ndi US, ngakhale mu dziko lino la mavuto, ndipo iwo si lokoma, ndi ambiri nazo poopsa wa EU.

Panopa EU ndi pa mphambano: sikutheka kuti apite wa mayiko ofooka mchikakamizo cha Moscow, komanso kuwasunga kopindulitsa. Komabe, zikuoneka kuti: zokhumba anthu ndi ndale nthawi zonse mtengo ...