Environmental vuto - izo ... zimayambitsa mavuto a zachilengedwe. mavuto Environmental a Dziko Lapansi

vuto Environmental - ndi kusintha kotsimikizika chilengedwe chifukwa cha zotsatira anthropogenic, zikubweretsa kulephera kwa kapangidwe ndi ukugwirira ntchito ya zinthu zachilengedwe (mitunda) komanso kutsogolera kwa chuma, chikhalidwe kapena zina zotsatira zoipa. Izi lingaliro - anthropocentric, kuyambira kusintha zoipa mu chikhalidwe cha kafukufuku pa zinthu za moyo wa munthu.

Gawo

mavuto Environmental a Dziko Lapansi kugwirizana ndi m'nyanjazi mkhutu Malo ambiri, conventionally m'magulu asanu:

- mumlengalenga (ikukhudzana radiological, makina kapena mankhwala kuipitsidwa wa mlengalenga);

- madzi (kuipitsidwa m'nyanja ndi m'nyanja, monga zikutha m'mayiko madzi subterranean ndi padziko);

- Geological geomorphology (kutsegula zoipa Geological geomorphology njira mpumulo kupsyinjika ndi dongosolo Geological);

- nthaka (kuipitsidwa nthaka, mchere wa m'madzi, kukokoloka, deflation, waterlogging, etc ...);

- biotic (kunyoza zomera ndi nkhalango, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mitundu ina ya ziweto MPATUKO, etc ...);

- malo (Integrated) - kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zachilengedwe zosiyanasiyana, chipululu, anagwa chokhazikitsidwa ulamuliro wa malo otetezedwa, etc ...

Chifukwa cha kusintha waukulu zachilengedwe zachilengedwe kusiyanitsa mavuto komanso zinthu:

- Malo-chibadwa. Nyamuka chifukwa cha imfa ya chuma majini ndi wapadera malo achilengedwe, kuswa kukhulupirika kwa dongosolo malo.

- anthropoecological. Payekha kuti kusintha moyo ndi thanzi.

- Natural-gwero. Zosonyeza imfa kapena wakuta zachilengedwe, amanyoza ndondomeko ya ntchito zachuma mu zinkakhala m'dera.

kuwunikira zina

mavuto Environmental m'chilengedwe embodiments anapereka pamwamba akhoza wachinsinsi motere:

- Mu chifukwa chachikulu - Eco-zoyendera mafakitale, hayidiroliki zomangamanga.

- Malinga ndi sharpness ndi - osati lakuthwa, amtengo lakuthwa, lakuthwa, lakuthwa kwambiri.

- Malinga ndi zovuta kumvetsa - losavuta, zovuta, ndi kobvuta.

- Pa solvability - Vuto latha Zingathetsedwe kovuta, pafupifupi insoluble.

- kukwaniritsa malo anakhudzidwa - m'deralo, dera, mapulaneti.

- Pa nthawi - yochepa yaitali, pafupifupi anazimiririka.

- kukwaniritsa dera - vuto la kumpoto Russia, Ural mapiri, Titafika pamalo, etc ...

yogwira zotsatira za mizinda

Muluwani umoyo-zaziwerengero ndi chuma dongosolo kuti ali maofesi m'zigawozo njira kupanga anthu okhazikika, chongopeka analenga malo ndi kukhazikika mtundu wa bungwe chikhalidwe.

Mbali pano chitukuko anthu amakhala ndi kukula mofulumira chiwerengero ndi kukula kwa midzi. chiwerengero makamaka lalikulu la mzinda wa anthu zana chikwi kuwonjezeka mofulumira. Iwo mlandu za munthu peresenti ya dziko malo okwana dzikoli, koma zimakhudza awo pa chuma cha padziko lonse ndi chilengedwe kwenikweni chachikulu. Inachokera ku ntchito zawo zimene zimayambitsa chachikulu cha mavuto a zachilengedwe. Kumalo amenewa zochepa anthu oposa 45% ya anthu onse padziko lapansi, ndi limene limatulutsa 80% mpweya zonse zodetsa m'mlengalenga ndi hydrosphere.

mavuto zachilengedwe a m'mizinda, makamaka zikuluzikulu ovuta kwambiri kuthetsa. Ikuluikulu mzinda, ndi zayamba kusandulika zinthu zachilengedwe. Poyerekeza ndi kumidzi, m'mizinda yambiri ya zinthu zachilengedwe za moyo wa anthu zikuipiraipirabe.

Malinga ndi zachilengedwe Reimer, vuto chilengedwe - ndi chodabwitsa chilichonse chogwirizana ndi zotsatira za anthu pa chikhalidwe ndi reversibility amadza chifukwa cha chikhalidwe pa anthu ndi njira zawo kwambiri.

Nature ndi malo mavuto a mumzindawo

Kusintha zoipa kwakukulukulu zogwirizana ndi kuwononga malo a mizinda. Mu m'mizinda ikuluikulu ndi m'midzi kusintha zigawo zonse - pansi ndi pamwamba madzi, zimachititsa chilumbachi ndi nthaka, nyama ndi zomera, chivundikiro nthaka, mbali nyengo. mavuto Urban zachilengedwe komanso pa choona kuti zigawo zonse zamoyo za dongosolo ayamba atengere mofulumira kusintha kwa zinthu, imbaenda kuchepetsa zosiyanasiyana mitundu ndi kuchepa m'dera la zomera lapansi.

mavuto Resource chuma

Iwo ali oyanjana ndi lalikulu ntchito sikelo zachilengedwe, processing awo ndi kubereka zinyalala poizoni. Zimayambitsa mavuto a zachilengedwe - mu phukusi anthu mu malo achilengedwe mu njira ya chitukuko m'matauni ndi zinyalala nzeru.

vuto anthropological

vuto Environmental - izo si kusintha zoipa mu zinthu zachilengedwe. Kukhoza MUKACHULUKIDWE kuwonongeka wa thanzi m'tawuni. Kutha mu khalidwe la chilengedwe m'tauni kumatanthauza zikamera matenda osiyanasiyana. Nature ndi katundu zamoyo anthu amene anapanga pa Zakachikwi kuposa wina, sangakhoze kusintha mofulumira ngati zikuchitika. Kusiyana pakati pa njira izi nthawi zambiri amachititsa kuti mkangano chilengedwe umunthu.

Poganizira zimayambitsa mavuto a zachilengedwe, tiona kuti chofunika kwambiri a iwo ndikosatheka anatengera mofulumira zamoyo ndi zikhalidwe za chilengedwe, ndipo pambuyo anatengera - ichi ndi chimodzi mwa makhalidwe waukulu wa zamoyo zonse. Kuyesa zimakhudza liwiro la ndondomeko izi sichichititsa chilichonse chabwino.

nyengo

vuto Environmental - zimachitika chifukwa cha zimene zimachitika pakati pa chilengedwe ndi anthu, tingayambe ngoziyo lonse. Panopa, izi kusintha zoipa kwambiri zimachitika padziko lathuli:

- Large kuchuluka kwa zinyalala - 81% - m'mlengalenga.

- oposa mamiliyoni khumi makilomita lalikulu la dziko linasokoneza ndi zowawa chipululu.

- Anasintha zikuchokera m'mlengalenga.

- linaphwanya osalimba a wosanjikiza Mpweya umene (mwachitsanzo, dzenje anaonekera pa Antarctica).

- Kwa zaka khumi zapitazi izo wasoŵa pa nkhope ya dziko lapansi mahekitala 180 miliyoni a nkhalango.

- Chifukwa cha dziko nyanja kuipitsa kutalika kwa madzi ake zikuchulukirachulukira chaka ndi millimeters awiri.

- Pali kuwonjezeka nthawi zonse kumwa zachilengedwe.

Monga masamu asayansi, biosphere akhoza azilipira kwathunthu kwa chosokoneza anthu a kusintha kwa zinthu zachilengedwe, ngati mowa kupanga patsogolo musalumphe gawo limodzi chiweruzo, koma tsopano chithunzi uli chifupi ndi gawo khumi. mwayi Compensatory wa biosphere ndi kwadzaoneni kuonongedwa, chifukwa, malo a dziko chatsika.

Zachilengedwe zovomerezeka mphamvu pakhomo otchedwa muyeso 1 TWh / chaka. Komabe, zayamba kuposa Choncho anawononga katundu zaphindu za chilengedwe. Ndipotu, tikhoza kulankhula za chiyambi cha dziko nkhondo yachitatu, yomwe ndi wotsutsana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu. Aliyense akudziwa kuti opambana mu chitsutso ichi Sangathe kukhala.

ziyembekezo zokhumudwitsa

Development wa padziko lonse mavuto zachilengedwe amagwirizana ndi kukula mofulumira chiwerengero cha anthu onse padziko lapansi. Kuti zofuna likuwonjezekabe ayenera kukhala katatu m'munsi mowa zachilengedwe m'mayiko ndi kofunikira kwambiri pa chitukuko ndiponso kuthandiza patsogolo umoyo wa limati munthu. Chapamwamba kololeka Mbali - anthu mabiliyoni khumi. Ngati anthu pa dziko adzakhala ndiye atatu biliyoni asanu adzakhala chabe anasiyidwa akufa ndi ludzu, njala chaka chilichonse.

Zitsanzo zinthu zachilengedwe a padziko lonse

Development wa "Kufunda" zaposachedwapa moonjezera kuwopsa kwa ndondomeko Earth. Chifukwa cha kusintha kutentha muyezo wa dziko ndi chiyerekezo kuwonjezeka kutentha. Culprits mavuto ndi "kutentha" mpweya, makamaka mpweya woipa. Zotsatira za likutentha ndi limatsogolera pang'onopang'ono wa chisanu ndi chisanu, womwe amatsogolera ndi kuwonjezeka mlingo wa Ocean World.

asidi mvula

Makamaka waukulu zodabwitsazi zoipa chimatengedwa ngati woipa sulfure. Field ya zotsatira zoipa mpweya asidi ndi lonse. Iwo ali kale zinthu zambiri kudwala, koma ambiri kuwonongeka umagwiritsidwa ntchito zomera. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, anthu akanatha kulimbana yaikulu imfa phytocenoses.

osakwanira Madzi abwino

kusowa madzi m'madera ena pali chifukwa chitukuko yogwira zofunikira paulimi ndi anthu komanso mafakitale. Iwo amagwira ntchito zofunika, osati kuchuluka, ndipo khalidwe la zachilengedwe.

The kuwonongeka kwa "mapapo" a dziko

Osaganiza chiwonongeko, kudula mitengo ndi ntchito mwachisawawa chuma nkhalango zinachititsa kuti zikamera vuto lina lalikulu zachilengedwe. Katawala amadziwika kupereka mayamwidwe carbon dioxide, amene "kutentha" ndi kutulutsa mpweya. Mwachitsanzo, tonne chifukwa mmodzi wa zomera anamasulidwa matani 1.1 kuti 1.3 mpweya wabwino m'mlengalenga.

Ozoni chikuyesedwa

Chiwonongeko cha ozoni kwa dziko lathu mu malo oyamba zimagwiritsa ntchito CFCs. mipweya awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu msonkhano wa mayunitsi refrigeration ndipo zosiyanasiyana zitini. Asayansi apeza kuti chapamwamba mpweya wa ozoni makulidwe amachepetsa. A chitsanzo chapadera ndi vuto la a Mpweya umene dzenje pa Antarctica, m'dera mosalekeza kuwonjezeka ndipo atapita kale kunja m'dzikoli.

The njira ya mavuto a zachilengedwe padziko lonse

Kodi muli ndi mwayi kupewa MASOKA anthu lonse? Inde. Koma pamafunika kuchita zinthu zolimba.

- Pa mlingo malamulo kukhazikitsa malamulo omveka bwino zachilengedwe.

- Amalalikira ntchito miyeso centralized kuteteza chilengedwe. Kungakhale Mwachitsanzo, yunifolomu malamulo mayiko ndi mfundo kuteteza nyengo, nkhalango, nyanja ndi mlengalenga, etc.

- pakati anakonza mabuku ntchito yobwezeretsa kuthetsa mavuto a zachilengedwe a dera, mzinda, tauni ndi zinthu zina zenizeni.

- Kuti kuphunzitsa ndi zilimbikitse zachilengedwe ndi makhalidwe chitukuko cha munthu.

Pomaliza

patsogolo luso ayamba liwiro, pali kusintha nthawi zonse njira kupanga wamakono zida, kumayambiriro umisiri wotsogola muzochitika zosiyanasiyana. Komabe, gawo chabe ting'onoting'ono luso ndi nkhawa kuteteza chilengedwe.

Nkofunika kuzindikira kuti kokha mogwirizana zovuta za magulu onse chikhalidwe ndi boma chingatithandize kusintha zinthu zachilengedwe padziko lapansili. Ndi nthawi yoyang'ana kumbuyo kuzindikira chimene akuyembekezera m'tsogolo.