Engel zokhotakhota thandizo la chuma masiku ano kufufuza kusinthasintha mu mtengo wa kufunika zochokera ndalama.
Ernst Engel
Ernst Engel ndi nthumwi ya mtundu, limene, mogwirizana ndi zimene ambiri amakhulupirira, imatengedwa kwambiri mosamala ndi scrupulous mu Europe. Malinga ndi maphunziro ake, iye anali statistician, zachuma ndi Katswiri mbali. Amakopeka ndi sayansi izi zinamuthandiza osati chopereka kwambiri kuti chitukuko cha sayansi zowerengera, komanso kutsegula mowa dongosolo malingana ndi ndalama banja, amene anapereka chifukwa kumanga Engel zokhotakhota. Tikumbukenso kuti wasayansi Prussian, atagwira malo a Director of Bureau of Statistics mu Berlin, anali ogwira ntchito m'malo theorist. Choncho, malamulo ndi Engel pamapindikira anaonekera empirically, chifukwa cha kufufuza yaitali zili ndalama m'malo osauka mabanja ntchito ndi owayimilira za magulu olemera. Ngakhale Ernst sanagwiritse ntchito mu ndandanda ntchito zawo, koma anamanga chuma masiku ano ntchito pa maziko a lamulo lake anatchedwa kuti "Engel limaoneka lokongola."
Mitundu ya katundu monga Engel
Kufufuza ndalama za mabanja ndi milingo ndalama osiyana, Engel salembedwa anagawa katundu onse m'magulu atatu. Woyamba anatenga zofunikira, nthawi zambiri otsika kwambiri ndiponso ndilotsika mtengo. Ndi kufunika kukula kwa izi mathithi mankhwala ndalama, kuti, ogula m'malo mwa khalidwe kwambiri. Gulu lachiwiri zikuphatikizapo zinthu za katundu, kumwa amene sanasinthe kapena kuchuluka ndi ndalama kuwonjezeka. Izi mankhwala apamwamba, zofunikira zonse kuli kwabwino, kaya banja bwino. Mwachitsanzo, zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, dzinthu, mkaka ndi zina zotero. Gulu lachitatu la katundu, analandira katundu malamulo dzina mwanaalirenji, anatenga katundu, popanda zomwe mungachite, koma pa nthawi yomweyo iwo ndi ofunika mtengo wapamwamba, kugogomeza malo wotanganidwa ndi munthu kapena banja mmadera. Pamene iwo amati, kukumana zovala ...
The elasticity wa kufunika zochokera ndalama
Motero, kudziwa mmene ndalama pa kufunika kwa ena mitundu ya katundu ndi ntchito mu chuma masiku ano ntchito Engel zokhotakhota. Ndi elasticity wa kufunika kwa munthu wina ndalama mankhwala. Ndiko kuti, tikuona mmene kusintha kufunika kwa mitundu makamaka katundu malingana kusintha ndalama ogula. Engel pamapindikira amasonyeza zabwino elasticity wa kufunika ndi kuwonjezeka ndalama zapamwamba ndi zoipa - pa katundu wochepa kwambiri. Wolemekezeka khalidwe katundu zofunika yachibadwa ntchito moyo banja, elasticity amene alipo ochepa kwambiri. Podziŵa malamulo anati, zolinga wopanga zimene mankhwala muyenera kulenga ndi limene gawo la anthu mu akukhala.
Yomanga Engel pamapindikira
Kuti amange Engel pamapindikira, muyenera kutenga yopingasa ntchito olamulira amadera banja ndi luso ogula ake, ndi ofukula - ndi mtengo wa chiwerengero cha katundu anagula. Ngati ife tikuchita ndi sanali zotanuka pansi katunduyo ndalama, ndiyo apamwamba zofunikira, ndiye pamapindikira ndi mwachilungamo mosabisa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kuchuluka kwa katundu si kuonjezera malinga ndi kukula ndalama. Ndipotu banja, tsiku amadya mitanda iwiri ya mkate, kudya mkate zambiri, ngakhale zingawonjezere ake bwino. Index kuwonjezeka bajeti olemera pa katundu mwanaalirenji amakula ndi chikhulupiriro chokwanira. Pamapindikira zosaoneka katundu amakula pamlingo winawake, bola ndalama banja si kufika kumene mwayi m'malo katundu wochepa kwambiri yolimba. Ndiye pamapindikira iyamba kugwera. Choncho, Engel zokhotakhota kusonyeza osiyana ogula khalidwe zokhudza mitundu ina ya katundu malingana ndalama movutikira.
Kutanthauza Engel Research
Kumene, lamulo Engel ali kuchotserapo wake, ndipo sangakhoze kupambana kwa mawu okhazikika chifukwa ogula iliyonse. Pali anthu okwanira wolemera amene asankha kukhala modzichepetsa kwambiri, kaya kwambiri kupeza. Koma Engel pamapindikira zikusonyeza chitsanzo cha kukula mu kufunika kwa mtundu osiyana katundu malingana ukuwonjezeka kapena amachepetsa ndalama ogula ngati mtengo pafupifupi monga chitsanzo cha khalidwe kwa ambiri. ntchito zake limachititsa kulosera za chitukuko cha kumabungwe osiyanasiyana a zachuma komanso kusintha kufunika kwa chofunika kwambiri. Pa nthawi yomweyo, Engel anachokera chilinganizo chimene Mzimuyo mlingo umphawi wa banja. Ngati oposa theka la ndalama bajeti yaikulu pa chakudya, tikhoza kulankhula za mlingo wochepa wa moyo wake. Komanso, iye ankatha mokhutiritsa kutsimikizira kuti mabanja osauka, kusamalira tsiku mkate chakudya, musawononge ndalama komanso khama pa chitukuko anu auzimu, omwe kwambiri kumachepetsa mpata ku moyo.