Ekaterina 2: lamulo ŵakusanga absolutism (mwachidule). Mfumukazi Catherine Wamkulu

Catherine II Alekseevna adzalamulira kuchokera 1741 mpaka 1796. Anayesetsa kupitiriza anatenga Petro I. Koma ndinkafuna kutsatira mfundo za M'badwo Watsopano. Mu ulamuliro wake panali angapo kusintha kwambiri utsogoleri, ndipo kwambiri anawonjezera gawo la ufumuwo. Mfumukazi anali ndi malingaliro ndi mphamvu za States lalikulu.

Cholinga cha ulamuliro Catherine II

Legalization ufulu wa magulu payekha - cholinga yemwe yokha Catherine 2. Lamulo la absolutism ŵakusanga Mwachidule - dongosolo chikhalidwe, pamene mfumu amadziwa kuti ali matrasti ufumuwo, pamene kalasi kudziwa udindo wake kwa mwaufulu akulamulira mfumu. Ekaterina Velikaya ankafuna mgwirizano mfumu ndi anthu akhala anapanga osati mokangamiza, koma mwa kuzindikira zaufulu za ufulu wawo ntchito. Panthawi imeneyi, iwo analimbikitsa chitukuko cha maphunziro, ntchito ndi makampani, sayansi. Utolankhani komanso unachokera mu nthawi ino. French Chenicheni - Diderot, Voltaire - ndiwo amene ankagwira ntchito motsogozedwa ndi Ekaterina 2. Lamulo la absolutism ŵakusanga zalongosoledwa mwachidule m'munsimu.

ndi "ŵakusanga absolutism" n'chiyani?

Policy wa absolutism ŵakusanga anatenga mayiko a ku Ulaya (Prussia, Sweden, Portugal, Austria, Denmark, Spain ndi zina zotero. D.). Mfundo yaikulu ya malamulo a absolutism ŵakusanga - Pofuna mfumu mokoma kusintha mkhalidwe wawo malinga ndi mikhalidwe kusintha moyo. Izi zinali zofunikira pofuna kupewa zisinthe.

Maziko maganizo a absolutism ŵakusanga zinthu ziwiri:

1. nzeru choonadi.
2. Chiphunzitso cha Chikhristu.

Woterowo ndondomeko kwambiri kwa ndichepe boma alowererepo pa chuma, kasinthidwe ndi codifying malamulo, legislating kalasi. mpingo komanso anafunika kugonjera boma kufufuza mongoyembekezera kufooketsa, buku yosindikiza ndi maphunziro analimbikitsidwa.

Senate kusintha

Imodzi mwa kukonza woyamba wa Catherine Wachiwiri anali kusintha wanyumbayi. Watsimikiza December 15, 1763 anasintha mawu Buku ndiponso dongosolo la Senate. Tsopano iye wakhala mosatsata mphamvu zokonza malamulo. Tsopano iye akuchita okha kulamulira ntchito, nakhalabe thupi apamwamba milandu.

kusintha kandalama anagawa Senate m'madipatimenti 6. Aliyense wa iwo anali ndi ulamuliro bwino kumatanthauza. Choncho kuchuluka Mwachangu ake, monga ulamuliro chapakati. Koma Senate ili wakhala chida mu mphamvu rukaz. Iye anali kumvera mfumukazi.

Zokonza Commission

Mu 1767 Ekaterina Velikaya msonkhano Commission Zokonza. Cholinga chake anali kuonetsera umodzi wa mfumu ndi anthu ake. Kuti apange anawalamula, chisankho inachitika mu makalasi, iwo sakuphatikizapo mwamseri wamba. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, bungwe anali 572 ziwanga: anthu otchuka, mabungwe aboma, osawuka ndi Cossacks. The Commission ntchito ntchitoyi kukafola malamulo, ndipo Conciliar ya The Code 1649 wakhala m'malo. Komanso, ayenera kukhala mulinso serfs kuti atsogolere moyo wawo. Koma zimenezi zinachititsa kugawanika wa ntchito. Gulu lililonse la aphungu kuteteza zofuna zawo. Vutolo anapitiriza kwa nthawi yaitali kuti Ekaterina Velikaya ndinayamba kuganizira za mmene kusiya kugwira ntchito ziwanga msonkhano. The Commission ntchito kwa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi ndipo kusungunuka pa chiyambi cha nkhondo Chirasha Turkey.

zilembo setifiketi

Cha m'ma 70 ndi kumayambiriro 90 Catherine II anathamangitsa zikulu zofunika kukonza. Chifukwa kusintha awa anali Pugachev kupanduka. Choncho, pali ayenera kulimbitsa mphamvu monarchical. Amakulitsa mphamvu ya boma, kuwonjezera chiwerengero cha zigawo, Sich anathetsedwa, serfdom anawonjezera kuti Ukraine, ndi mwininyumba chawonjezeka mphamvu ya Amaya. Province kutsogoleredwa ndi kazembe, yemwe ankayang'anira zonse. Generalgouvernement Chili zigawo zingapo.

Letters setifiketi mizinda kuyambira 1775 anawonjezera maufulu awo, kuti wodzilamulira. Komanso anamasulidwa amalonda kuchokera yolembedwa usilikali ndipo msonkho kafukufuku. Business chinayamba. meya anathamanga mzinda, ndi akazembe osankhidwa ndi khamu mfulu, County kazembeyo.

Lililonse kalasi tsopano anali ndi wapadera bungwe ake milandu. The boma ankatembenukira pakati yokoka mu mabungwe m'deralo. Mavuto amene anatsimikiza mofulumira kwambiri.

Mu 1785 hayala kukhala chitsimikizo cha kusamvera mfulu, amene anayambitsa Peter III. Olemekezeka tsopano osapatsidwa chilango ogwirika ndi kulandidwa katundu. Komanso, iwo akhoza kulenga maboma.

kusintha zinthu zina

chiwerengero cha kusintha zinthu zina anali, pamene malamulo a absolutism ŵakusanga kunachitidwa. Tebulo limasonyeza kusintha zinthu zina zofunika kwa Mfumukazi.

The New Pezani zizidagwidwe

Policy wa ŵakusanga absolutism mu Russia sunakhalitse. Pambuyo ulimi mu France mu 1789, Mfumukazi adanyerezera kusanduza malamulo. Inasanduka itakula kufufuza mabuku ndi manyuzipepala.

Catherine Wamkulu Russian Ufumu inasanduka ndi buku lamphamvu mphamvu dziko. Anthu otchuka anali malo mwayi, ufulu otchuka kukodzedwa wodzilamulira. Tidalenga zinthu yabwino kwa dziko kupitiriza pazachuma. nthawi yonseyi kuti Catherine 2. Lamulo la absolutism ŵakusanga Mwachidule, mu Russia ndi kusunga ndi kulimbitsa ufumu mtheradi ndi feudalism. Mfundo yaikulu ya Diderot ndi Voltaire anali chitakhazikitsidwa: mitundu ya ulamuliro sizinachitike anathetsedwa, ndi anthu ena alibe mukhale ofanana. M'malo mwake, kusiyana makalasi ndi uwonjezeke. Mu chivundi dziko amachuluka. Anthu samaona omasuka kupereka ziphuphu. Kodi n'chiyani chinachititsa mfundo anathamangitsa ndi Catherine 2, malamulo a absolutism ŵakusanga? Iwo akhoza mwachidule anafotokoza motere: kwathunthu anakomoka chuma ndi, monga Motero, mwaoneka zachuma mavuto.