Dongosolo penshioni Akuluakulu a ku Russia: mbiri ya mapangidwe

Russian dongosolo penshioni zonse zilibwino, kaya dongosolo la ndale mu dziko. Mfundo yoyamba pa penshoni kwa anthu mu Russia a pakati pa zaka za m'ma 17 pamene anavulazidwa asilikali akusankhidwa ndi malipiro ndalama zachilengedwe mankhwala. Mphamvu za kuvulala kwambiri, phindu penshioni.

Mu ulamuliro wa Peter chisamaliro cha ovulala ndi ziwalo wakhala anatsindika mfundo yakuti iwo Anayesa kukonza kuti adzalandira moyo wawo. Machitidwe a nthawi obliges limati kuthandiza anthu olumala ku bajeti boma. Dongosolo penshioni ku Russia pa nthawi imeneyo okhawo atumiki usilikali ndipo boma. Kenako Catherine II allocated malipilo a anapuma Civil Service ku bajeti boma. Only mu theka lachiwiri la m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, amalonda payekha anatha kuthandiza penshoni kwa anthu pa dziko.

Iwo analowa mphamvu lamulo amafuna eni njanji, eniake, kupanga ndalama, omwe mphotho odwala ndiponso kuchotsedwa ntchito chifukwa chilema. Cash anapeza ofesi bokosi likuvutika amachotsera kwa malipiro a ogwira ntchito pa nkhani zawo. Pa chiphaso cha matenda ndi kuntchito kapena choipa, wogwira ntchito wolandira phindu anasonkhanitsa m'nkhani yake. dongosolo limeneli limatchedwa inshuwalansi, kuyambira amachotsera wake kwa malipiro ndi inshuwalansi mu nkhani ya olumala.

Pambuyo ulimi wa 1917 , zaka 10 dongosolo penshioni mu Russia zasintha: akhala chikalata malamulo ndi malangizo pa zapadera penshioni asilikali, kulipira penshoni ogwira ntchito ndi aphunzitsi a zochitachita ogwira ntchito, za penshioni kwa mkulu aphunzitsi m'matauni ndi m'midzi. ubwino amadalira osati pa zasungidwa, komanso pa kukula kwa ntchito, pa ubwino ogwira banja zikuchokera retiring.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, mu makumi a dongosolo penshioni anali lidzasinthidwa chitetezo chikhalidwe. Ndi phunziro kwa mfundo zotsatirazi: mkulu boma bajeti, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa chifukwa amachotsera msonkho amakampani Ndalama zinatumizidwa allocated zosowa onse a boma, kuphatikizapo pa penshoni. Izi RF dongosolo penshioni analipo kale Soviet Union anakomoka, koma ndi 1991, pamene msika njira oyang'anira zachuma, anataya ufulu wao ndi mwayi.

Mpaka 2000, dziko anapita kuchepa chonde, wokwera pa katundu wofunikira moyo thandizo. deta Statistical, chinapezeka kuti 2010-2015, chiwerengero cha retirements adzakhala upambana chiwerengero cha achinyamata kuyamba ntchito zawo. Zimenezi zingachititse kusowa kwa ndalama mu dziko chifukwa chobwezera cha ubwino zogwirizana. Choncho, dongosolo penshioni ya la Russia anaitana younikanso ndi, rethinking ndi Kugawilidwa kwanthaka. Anaganiza pa kukhazikitsa kusintha penshioni kuti kuonjezera penshoni. Zinali zofunika kuti akonze chitsanzo kuti nzika iliyonse anali wotsimikiza kuti malipiro ake amakono ndi guarantor wa penshioni wake m'tsogolo kuti kuwonjezeka mu zopereka ku thumba la ndalama za penshoni limakula ndi ubwino anapuma m'tsogolo.

Kusintha penshioni, umene wakhala akuyendera kuyambira 2002, ali ndi atatu gawo maziko: inshuwalansi Lamulo la nzika boma kuthandiza magulu onse a pensioners ndi zina thandizo si a boma. Kuti mudziwe zambiri za chitsanzo ichi inabuka mwa nzika Russian amene akhoza kale pantchito kuyamba kupanga kukula kwake, kuti mulandire malipiro ndalama pamwezi mu mzere ndi zosowa zawo.