Dmitrov zadothi Factory: mbiri, chikhalidwe, modernity

Mu tsiku ndi tsiku zadothi Russian polima regal dzanja la Peter I. Mu ulamuliro wake, mbale zinkachokera ku Europe, kupezeka zosangalatsa amenewa anali anthu olemera okha. Patapita kanthawi, waika zadothi anali kuperekedwa ngati mphatso ya mtengo wapatali. Pambuyo China, ndi lofunika kwambiri anali zopangidwa European (Sevres, Meysensy) kugula awo anakhala ndalama yaikulu ndalama, kuti zinali oipa. Mu 1744 Mfumukazi Elizabeth analamula kuti amange "zadothi Manufactory" pafupi St. Petersburg, monga nyengo ya dongo Russian. Dmitrov zadothi Factory anapanga mbiri monga woyamba fakitale payekha.

Franz Gardner ndi matanthauzo M'MALO

Kwa nthawi yaitali yopanga zadothi anali yekha mu chikhalidwe ulamuliro, koma pali nthawi mwini payekha amene akufuna kupikisana ngati inu simutero, ndiye kupanga kampani mabizinezi mwayekha. Mu 1766 ku England Frants Yakovlevich Gardner, pa maziko a Urusova fakitale wogwila anatsegula mbewu yake. Ntchito yaikulu kwambiri wazamalonda unali wofuna kupikisana ndi chitsanzo European wa dongo ndipo kuwacotsa ku msika, kuchotsa mankhwala khalidwe zoweta. Kulankhula apamwamba ano, anaganiza "importozamestit" katundu European ndipo pofuna wopambana.

Kwa gulu la malonda zipangizo malo oyamba chofunika yaiwisi, ndipo Gardner, iye anabwera pafupi dziko lonse, anapeza gawo dongo mu Chernihiv (Little Russia). Kuchita promashek osati reinvent gudumu, anasolola Mkuluyo nkhani - Franz Gattenberga (University of Geneva pulofesa). Ndiyeno moti kuyambira 1777 mpaka 1783 pa fakitale anamasulidwa Mendulo anayi pa utumiki wa Mfumukazi Catherine Wachiwiri ndipo anali kuperekedwa kwa iye. zinachitikira anali opambana, mwini fakitale anapita omvera apamwamba mu nyumba yachifumu, pambuyo zomwe anayenerera kuika sitampu ndi chifaniziro cha odula manja Moscow, umene unali mofananira kuti chizindikiro khalidwe.

bwino bizinesi

Franz Gardner, pamodzi ndi katundu chidutswa, ali anapezerapo kuŵeta wa tableware zadothi. Ogwira ntchito zoyambirira limachokera ku akatswiri European ndi luso, chiwerengero wotchuka Meissen. zadothi Russian si wosiyana kwambiri kuchokera European quality ndi ntchito zaluso, koma pamtengo kwambiri angakwanitse kwambiri.

Russia chikuzika mankhwala fakitale ndi osangalala kugula onse amene sangakwanitse ndi opanga European. Mu 1771, pafupifupi makumi asanu ndi awiri ogwira anali kupatsidwa ntchito kupanga, nambala yawo kuwirikiza zaka 10. ntchito zonse anali wotanganidwa ndi akatswiri Russian okha yosamalira wojambula ndipo tsopano tamasulidwa ochokera m'mayiko.

Franz Gardner anali kupeza kalembedwe wake kupanga dongo, chiwerengero cha zitsanzo za castings mu mazana. Kuwonjezera mbale kuno anakhuthuka ndi utoto ziboliboli zadothi okonzera wapadera, Olemba omwe amisiri odziwika.

Mu Kuznetsovsk ammudzi

Atamwalira tate wa, Dmitrov zadothi fakitale ankaona zabwino za mafakitale onse payekha Russian. choncho anatengedwa kwa olowa ndi: pang'ono imfa yake, kampani tikulalikira mwana wamkulu wa tate, kenako mkazi wake. Mu manja ake pa fakitale wataya pafupifupi onse udindo wake, koma pambuyo choncho anatenga ana ake, kupanga anatsitsimuka. Iwo anali katswiri kupanga luso chadothi. Mu 1829, kupanga golide walandira Choyamba Industrial Exhibition. Mu 1855 iye analandira bwino popanga mankhwala kuvala manyazi pagulu iwiri mutu mphungu.

Pa lonse akhala m'modzi wa ogulitsa kuti Mapu a m'zaka 19 Dmitrov zadothi Factory akutsimikiza amasokoneza pa ziwonetsero malonda, kuyambira 1856. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma oloŵa anagulitsa kampani Matvey Kuznetsov. Anapeza maofesi kupanga komanso gulu lalikulu la wamitundu, dongosolo ndi tingachipeze powerenga zojambula garderovskih.

Kuznetsovsky nthawi

Dmitrov zadothi Factory (Verbilki) ali magnate Kuznetsova ndi ochepa chinazilala ulemerero, koma ndi zolowa olimba. Ndi nthawi ya kupeza fakitale kutulutsa katundu 208 zikwi rubles chaka, ndipo chiwerengero cha ogwira ntchito oposa miyoyo 700. Kuznetsov ntchito zonse chuma chake anatengera zana ndi theka za mbiri, chifukwa chitsitsimutso chodzaza ulemerero wake.

nkhani chikuwonjezeka m'munsi kasitomala wakhala kwathunthu anasunga, chifukwa chosankha bwino kugwiritsa ntchito chikuni cha Dmitrov chomera pa mankhwala onse. The mwini latsopano sanafune kuti alembere osiyanasiyana mankhwala zinali zabodza. Chiwerengero cha zinthu za katundu totaled mayunitsi oposa 4 miliyoni a mbale wotchuka ndi mafano. Chidzatha liti pa chomera m'pamene amasulidwe zopereka yekha. Choncho linasindikizidwa 100th chikumbutso nkhondo ya Borodino, ndi 300th chikumbutso cha ulamuliro wa Romanovs.

Soviet zadothi

Pambuyo nationalization, kupanga anamukwiyira mwalamulo kudziwika monga Dmitrov zadothi Factory. Mu nthawi pambuyo chosintha linanena bungwe anakana kwambiri, ndi zimene amapangidwa, anali modzichepetsa chokongoletsedwa ndi decals (decal) akuimira nkhani zokopa.

Wotchuka kwambiri, mu 1930, ine ndinalandira utumiki Dmitrov zadothi "Humpbacked Hatchi" a mbewu, komanso ntchito zina ndi luso ziboliboli SM Orlov burashi Pa Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo zadothi kumasulidwa utachepa kwambiri, koma nthawi zinali zodzaza ndi ntchito kuwala. utumiki "Nkhondo Mama" (by A. Chechulina) anamasulidwa ya zithunzi ndi akazembe lalikulu "Suvorov", "Alexander Nevsky", "Kutuzov", wakhala ndi chifaniziro cha mphoto Soviet asilikali utsogoleri (auth. Demorrey T.) analengedwa.

kupanga zamakono

Mu 1991 fakitale Dimitrov zadothi anakhala olowa katundu kampani, dzina lovomerezeka: CJSC "zadothi Verbilok". Kuyambira chaka cha 1995, ndi bulanchi opaleshoni kuti 'kukolola Verbilok ". The watsopano malo oyendetsa ndodo otanganidwa chitsitsimutso cha miyambo oikidwa ndi amene anayambitsa mbewu.

Mu 1996, kampani analandira mphatso pa zisudzo mayiko ku Birmingham, komanso mu Mexico. Popeza 2007, mbewu amapereka mankhwala ake kuti boma la Russia mbali ya membala wa munalidi gulu la Purveyors. kampaniyo chimatchedwa "Gardner Manufactory", koma ambiri bwino ndi dzina lakale la Dmitrov fakitale zadothi. Zamgululi Mabaibulo angapo collectible mzere.

Collection "Frants Gardner" amapangitsira chikhalidwe mitundu zaka 19-20 zadothi. Company mfiti amachita chimodzimodzi zolemba zinthu mphatso (tiyi awiriawiri, akanema, mafano). Likupezeka mu mbale banja limene ojambula zithunzi kulemba crests banja, monogram kapena chitsanzo anasankha. kampani limapanga waika chifukwa osiyana zolinga tiyi ndi khofi awiriawiri, zipatso, Miphika, adzabweretse ana.