Democritus: yochepa mbiri ndi ntchito ya nthanthi

Panali sukulu zambiri za maganizo, kuphunzira umene lero kulabadira asayansi Greece wakale. Kale m'masiku amenewo (ndipo mwina kale) anthu ambiri wodziwa ndinaganiza za siyana monga nyengo ya dziko, tanthauzo la moyo wa munthu, ubale ndi chikhalidwe, ndi nkhani zina zofunika kwa iwo, ndipo tsopano mochuluka basi. Nkosafuna kunena, chomaliza Yankho mafunso ambiri anafunsa zikwizikwi zapitazo, sanapezeke, ndipo ichi ndi chodziwikiratu kuti chidzachitika, koma kuyesa ndi laudable. Mmodzi wa nzeru ena wamkulu wa Greece wakale, Democritus ankaona. Mwachidule yonena za mwamuna wasayansi ndi malingaliro ake zoyambirira zoperekedwa kwa owerenga nkhani imeneyi.

Kodi ntchito Democritus?

Zaka moyo mwina chimango kuchuluka kwa 460 (kuti wabereka) la 370 (imfa) zaka. BC, malo - mzinda Thracian wa Abdera la kum'mawa kwa Greece ano. Nthawi zambiri zokhudza biographies akatswiri otchuka okamba nthumwi za sukulu, zimene timakhulupirira, onani zomwe lero sizingatheke. Ndi nazonso ndi Democritus, kanthawi yonena ozikidwa pa kafukufuku anthuwo ku zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Amadziwika makamaka kwa maulendo ake ambiri, imene amapita m'mayiko ambiri akutali, pakati pawo Iran, Babulo, Aigupto, Ethiopia ndi India. Palibe chikaiko pamaso pa nzeru zake zapamwamba, lingaliro kuweruza sayansi yofanana ndi chilakolako amalanga angapo komanso cholinga chimodzi osati chidziwitso, komanso kumvetsa zimene timaphunzira. Komanso, mungathe kunenadi kuti wasayansi ndi woganiza kubanja lachifumu, ndipo olemera, mwinamwake iye alibe mwayi ndipo nthawi maulendo yaitali ndi mawunikidwe. Choncho amene anali Democritus? Chidwi mfundo ku mbiri ya moyo wake anabwera kwa ife mu retelling ndi, avaricious, ndipo mwina molakwika, koma iwo amati kwambiri zokhudza munthu uyu.

Ntchito ndi Mfundo

zakalezo sanali apulumuka, kotero woweruza amanena sayansi n'chotheka mu mabuku ofotokozera ndi maulalo, zomwe olemba ina amene atchulapo nzeru zapamwamba zimenezi. malingaliro Democritus 'nthawi chidwi chachikulu Popeza kuti atsopano sayansi, zodabwitsa, mobwerezabwereza zimene anali kukangana ku Greece ndipo posachedwapa anachititsa chabe kumwetulira n'zolakwika. Ena ankaganiza zikufanana malingaliro amakono za dziko. Mfundo lonse likadakhala, malinga Diogenes Laertius, seveni khumi (ofufuza ena amati kuchuluka kwa makumi asanu). Mwina ena malingaliro a Leucippus, amene amati ndi wotsatira wa Democritus. Mwachidule yonena za mphunzitsi wake, koma zambiri sakudziwika kwa sayansi. Ntchito zoyenera ndi sipekitiramu waukulu kwambiri wa khalidwe, kuphatikizapo masamu, chikhalidwe, zakuthambo, sayansi philology, mankhwala, chiphunzitso music, njira ndi angapo Sciences, imatengedwa zazikulu Hellas wakale. Mu retelling anapulumuka zidutswa mazana atatu.

Chiphunzitso cha maatomu

Chiphunzitso atomiki wa Democritus ndi mochititsa ofanana ndi malingaliro amakono za kapangidwe ka nkhani aumbike mwa zaka mazana makumi awiri. Komabe, masiku amenewo, particles izi pulayimale amaonedwa kukhala wamng'ono chilengedwe chonse, choncho indivisible (choncho dzina), koma anadabwa ndi mphamvu ya katswiri wakale amene anakhalako pafupifupi zaka twente faifi handiredi zapitazo, maganizo mu kapangidwe ka molekyulu, pakalibe m'munsi chuma, limakupatsani kukayendera izi amanena empirically. Maatomu ndipo mu zonse mwachisawawa zoyenda mkati voids, chimene chinapanga mitambo ndi zimakochezapo amapanga zinthu zakuthupi. Iwo ali osiyana (kukula ndi mawonekedwe), ndipo ichi anafotokoza kusiyana kwa katundu zinthu - kotero ndinaganiza Democritus. Chidwi mfundo, maganizo ake, zikhoza anati atadziŵa cheza thupi panamveka ndi maatomu.

Kuli Mulungu?

Kale Greece predominated chiphunzitso mnogobozheskaya theosophical kuti likukwaniritsa yeniyeni m'nthano khalidwe kwa madera onse a zochita za anthu. Democritus nzeru kusiyana ndi boma boma mfundo zake pafupifupi chuma. Komanso, wasayansi mwankhanza debunked maganizo anakhazikitsa za milungu kusonyeza kufanana kwa anthu kwenikweni ndi ntchito mfundo imeneyi monga umboni wa artificiality njira zawo. milungu Olympic, mu maganizo ake, ankangomumwaza anausankha anthu, mphamvu kumufotokozera lachinsinsi la dziko loyandikira.

Democritus ndi moyo

Komabe, pali ena nthanthi kutsutsana kuti amalola kufunsa funso: "? Ndipo kotero kwenikweni sakhulupirira Mulungu Democritus" Mwachidule yonena inalibe zinthu zilizonse zokhudza nkhondo yaikulu ndi atsogoleri achikunja a nthawi, ndipo pambali, iye anazindikira kuti kuli chotero gulu bwino sanali chuma moyo. Komabe, katswiri wa nzeru zake longoganizira monga mtundu lalikulu la atomu, wa akungoyendayenda mozungulira thupi ndi tidamsiya pa imfa kapena kale, pamene asilikali pang'onopang'ono kusiya okalamba kapena munthu wodwala. Izi particles kakang'ono, mu maganizo ake, zosokera m'chilengedwe chonse yosatha, yosabvunda ndipo kutha. Kodi si lamulo la kusamala kanthu? Ndi umboni wa mzimu umene sufa si?

ataraxia

zodabwitsazi, lomwe mankhwala amakono ngati maganizo athu, akuwonetseredwa mu mosaopa wathunthu chifukwa cha mantha amphamvu maganizo, Democritus tcheru kwambiri. Malingana ndi chiphunzitso chake, chotero kupanda mantha kwa mzimu ndi chizindikiro cha nzeru kwambiri. Kuti m'pofunika kuyesetsa, ndipo akwaniritsa kwambiri ntchito pochita chitukuko ndi kuzindikira zambiri za sakramenti la dziko. Ataraksicheskaya nzeru za Democritus anayamba kupanga mu kupambana sukulu zambiri, makamaka amantha, Asitoiki ndi Epikureya. Tinafika aphorisms, yomwe anakana ndi chochitika mwachisawawa, analengeza phindu la mphamvu wosayankha (samangonena), izo pakuonetsa patsogolo wamaganizo pa chidziwitso ndi kulimbikitsa wokhutira ndi zimene munthu ali nazo. Ndi zonse izi ndi zolimba kutsutsana.

Kodi munthu akuganiza?

Posachedwapa, masiku ano sayansi ya zamankhwala waika patsogolo chiphunzitso china chosintha kuti maganizo a anthu lolunjika osati mochuluka mu ubongo monga mu mtima. Chimaoneka ngati mulibe plagiarize, ndiye osachepera olembedwa mofotokozera tanthauzo la kutsegula kwa Democritus, kulipanga ilo awiri ndi theka zaka zapitazo. Ancient Greek wasayansi ankakhulupirira kuti kuganiza likulu la aliyense wa anthu akutumikira monga chifuwa ndi zimene ali nazo.

Amene amadziwa zimene zidzachitike asayansi amakono? Iwo akhoza kwakukulukulu kukambapo postulates ya sukulu ya nthanthi ya zaka za makedzana. Ndipotu zonse akufotokozera mu mwauzimu ndi ...