Culverts: mitundu, masaizi, chipangizo

Pofuna kuchotsa utuluke yaing'ono madzi ndi mipita pansi culverts msewu ntchito. ntchito yawo ndi oyenera kuposa pomanga mlatho.

lingaliro ambiri

Pakuti ndime ya madzi kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi pa culverts msewu ntchito. Zikuphatikizapo culverts, milatho, kachitidwe ngalande. Yotsirizira ntchito ndimeyi pansi pa msewu wa njira zosiyanasiyana.

Culverts ntchito pa nthawi imene mukufuna kuvina ndi bere yaing'ono msewu (mitsinje, kukhetsa madzi pambuyo mvula kapena chisanu ndi zina zotero). Kudutsa mipope madzi akhoza ikuchitika mosalekeza kapena batchwise. Kudzera nyumba zina bungwe ndimeyi ng'ombe kapena polumikizira zoyendera.

zida The sikutanthauza culvert kuchepetsa wa carriageway, ndi kusintha mtundu wa nyemba msewu. Pamwamba kudzazidwa dongosolo zoti. Makulidwe anatsanulira nthaka kumachepetsa nkhawa pa ntchito yomanga magalimoto ndi Kumafeŵetsa amadza.

Ntchito mapaipi ndime ya madzi ali ubwino wake:

• Chitoliro unsembe malo popanda kuwononga roadbed.

• Chitoliro unsembe ndi otsika mtengo kuposa kumanga mlatho.

• Pamene backfill wosanjikiza makulidwe a oposa 2 m chikoka pa ntchito yomanga katundu zosakhalitsa kudutsa zoyendera sanamvere.

chitoliro Masayizi

Awiri culvert zimadalira kutalika kwake:

• Ngati kutalika chubu si upambana 3.2 mamita ndi kutalika kwa embankment zosakwana 7.5 m, kutsegula chubu amusankha wofanana 100-150 cm.

• Kwa chitunda kwa 1.5 mamita awiri ndi 75 cm.

• Machubu mwa misonkhano ndi masentimita 50 m'mimba mwake.

Pansi misewu siyana 2-4 angagwiritsidwe ntchito culverts ndi awiri a masentimita 100 ndipo kutalika 30 mamita Ngati awiri ndi 75 cm. Kutalika kwa chubu sayenera oposa 15 m.

Gawo

Culverts wachinsinsi pa magawo angapo.

Malinga ndi zinthu zomwe anapanga:

• Konkire.

• The polima (polima, polyvinyl mankhwala enaake ndi polyethylene).

• Analimbitsa simenti.

• Stone.

• Zitsulo.

• Fiberglass.

mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana ya mipope, malingana ndi mawonekedwe mtanda yachigawo:

• Round.

• Chipilala.

• Elliptical.

• Anayi.

• Trapezoidal.

• Ovoidalnye.

• Triangular.

Malinga ndi mfundo za gawo:

• Unconfined.

• Anzanga.

• Polunapornye.

In-gawo mtanda mipope akhale amodzi, awiri kapena kuposa mfundo.

zofunika za chubu ndi unsembe wawo

Culverts zigwirizana zinthu zingapo:

• Lowetsani headroom.

• The mfundo za chitoliro.

• Linanena bungwe headroom.

Ndiyamika makoma mapeto chubu musati kupanga eddies, swirls, madzi umayenda pang'onopang'ono. pamaso pawo sapereka loyenda madzi kusamba kuchotsa chitunda ndi kusamba kuchotsa maziko.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya makoma kumapeto:

• Portal, amene anamanga mu mawonekedwe a perpendicular chitoliro kusunga khoma. Ichi ndi mamangidwe mophweka kwambiri, koma ali ndi zovuta zake. Zilibe kupereka otaya yosalala madzi. Choncho, ntchito yake bwino milandu ndi pang'ono madzi oyenda pa liwiro otsika. Gantry headroom ntchito mapaipi ndi awiri a 50-75 cm.
• Socketed. Komanso khoma, ali ndi mapiko awiri ndi kupanga bowo la. Okrylki anakonza pa makona a madigiri 30 kuti chitoliro lapansi. Chifukwa otaya madzi pang'ono ndi pang'ono mwapang'ono.
• Kolala, amene watha zinthu Kadulidwa pa ngodya mofanana chiundocho. The mizere kolala atetezeke waikidwa.
• Streamlined mu gawo mtanda pang'onopang'ono taper kuti amalenga zabwino zofalitsa za madzi.

Kuthamanga nthaka wogawana anagawira chifukwa maziko pa chimene chitoliro yaikidwa. Komanso kumathandiza kusintha kosangalatsa kwa zinthu payekha kukonza.

Zotsatirazi mitundu ya maziko:

• Popanda maziko (zachilengedwe m'munsi).

• Zinyalala Thumba, analenga chongopeka.

• A analimbitsa simenti.

• Wa zinthu zosiyanasiyana konkire.

Kusankha mtundu wa maziko amadalira chitoliro awiri, kutalika kwa chitunda ndi zinthu miyala.

Culvert ali mosamalitsa perpendicular kwa olamulira msewu. Ichi chimapereka kutalika osachepera chitoliro. Nthawi zina ndi bwino kukhazikitsa ntchito yomanga ku zochokera mu mtsinje umayenda. Izi amachepetsa imabwera whirlpools. Zikatero, chakuti yomanga culverts malangizo ena.