Commutator galimoto. Universal commutator galimoto

Commutator galimoto ndi synchronous makina magetsi imene magetsi panopa mu kumulowetsa ndi ozungulira kachipangizo malo anapanga monga wina ndi chipangizo chomwecho - burashi-wokhometsa unit. chipangizo Zimenezi zingakhale a mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

mitundu

Commutator galimoto DC bwinobwino zikutanthauza zanyengo zikuchokera monga:

- atatu mzati ozungulira pa mayendedwe kutsetsereka;

- ziwiri mzati stator ndi maginito okhazikika;

- mbale mkuwa monga msonkhano wokhometsa burashi.

akonzedwa ndi zina njira zothetsera kwambiri otsika mphamvu kuti ntchito zambiri mu zoseweretsa ana amene popanda mphamvu zambiri. The zikuchokera injini wamphamvu kwambiri m'gulu zinthu zosiyanasiyana structural:

- Four graphite burashi mu mawonekedwe a wokhometsa msonkhano;

- ndi ozungulira ndi mitengo angapo pa mayendedwe wodzigudubuza;

- stator okhazikika maginito ndi mitengo anayi.

Nthawi zambiri, galimoto zida za mtundu wa ntchito magalimoto amakono kachitidwe zimakupiza pagalimoto ndikukhazikitsa yozizira mpweya makina ochapira mapampu, ndi zinthu zina za mizati ya. Palinso misonkhano zovuta zambiri.

Njinga mphamvu ya Watts mazana angapo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mbali ya zinayi mzati stator, zopangidwa electromagnets. Pakuti kugwirizana windings zake ntchito imodzi mwa njira zingapo:

- Malinga ndi ozungulira lapansi. Pankhaniyi, mkulu pazipita makokedwe, koma chifukwa cha mkulu osagwira liwiro chiopsezo cha kuwonongeka engine.

- Mu kufanana ndi ozungulira lapansi. Pankhaniyi, zolowa anakhalabe khola mu zikhalidwe za kusintha katundu, koma makokedwe pazipita ndi chimaonekadi ang'onoang'ono.

- obwerawa malemeredwe pamene kumulowetsa chikugwirizana mu nkhani ndi gawo mu kufanana. Pankhaniyi, ophatikizana ubwino wa embodiments m'mbuyomu. Ntchito mtundu wa galimoto starters.

- palokha malemeredwe, amene amagwiritsa osiyana magetsi. Pankhaniyi, makhalidwe amene analandira, logwirizana ndi kulumikiza yomweyi. Mugwiritse ntchito njirayi ali osowa ndithu.

Commutator galimoto ali ndi ubwino: ndi wosavuta popanga, kukonza, ntchito, ndi moyo utumiki wawo ndi mokwanira lalikulu. Monga zovuta zambiri allocated motere: mamangidwe bwino zipangizo amenewa amakhala nizkomomentnymi zombo choncho abulusa ambiri amafuna unsembe wa gearboxes. mawu awa wolungama, popeza makina magetsi, lolunjika pa liwiro otsika, yodziwika ndi dzuwa understated, komanso kugwirizana ndi mavuto awa yozizira. The womaliza kuti iwo n'kovuta kupeza njira kaso.

Universal commutator galimoto

chimake Izi ndi kusuntha wokhometsa panopa za makina zonse amatha opaleshoni mwachindunji ndi alternating panopa. chipangizo ndi ambiri mitundu ina ya zipangizo banja ndi zipangizo dzanja chifukwa kukula yaing'ono, yaing'ono kulemera, mtengo wotsika ndipo chomasuka lamulo liwiro. Nthawi zambiri kumachitika ngati samatha makina mu United States ndi sitima European. Mukhoza kuona galimoto unit.

kapangidwe

Kumvetsa nkhani yomwe ayenera tione, kuti anapanga maziko a chipangizo ulaliki. mtundu chilengedwe wokhometsa galimoto ndi chipangizo DC ndi munda mndandanda-olumikizidwa kumulowetsa wokometsedwa kwa AC banja maukonde magetsi. Njinga kasinthasintha ndi mbali imodzi, kaya polarity lapansi. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti kugwirizana angapo a windings wa stator ndi ozungulira zotsatira mu kusintha munthawi yomweyo zake maginito, ndipo potero mphindi chotsatira imatsogoleredwa mbali imodzi.

Kodi zinandipangitsa?

The commutator AC galimoto zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito dongosolo stator wa zakuthupi magnetically zofewa kuti ali hysteresis yaing'ono. Kuchepetsa zomvetsa , mafunde zimakochezapo, mchitidwe uwu wapangidwa ndi mbale zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo ndi kutchinjiriza. Monga kagawo wa AC commutator makina mwambo kusiyanitsa aggregates kugunda panopa akamagwira kuthetsa lokhala ndi gawo dera panopa popanda kusalaza pa pulsation.

Commutator galimoto AC nthawi zambiri yodziwika ndi mbali chotero kuti: idle- inductive kukana wa windings stator salola panopa kudya kuposa malire inayake, zimasokoneza ndi pazipita galimoto makokedwe kwa 3-5 pa mwadzina ndi. Chiyerekezo cha makhalidwe mawotchi zimatheka pogwiritsa ntchito kugawa wa windings stator - anapezazo munthu ntchito kugwirizanitsa AC.

Ndithu yovuta zinadzala ndi wamphamvu kusinthitsa commutator makina AC. Pa nthawi imene chigawo ndale chitadutsa, ndi maginito amene ali chinkhoswe ndi ozungulira ndi kusintha malangizo ake, ndipo ichi chimakhala chifukwa kupoletsa gawo zotakasika electromotive mphamvu. Izi zimachitika pamene akuthamanga pa AC mphamvu. The makina wokhometsa AC komanso chikuchitika zotakasika EMF. Pomwepo chikondwerero ndi thiransifoma emf chifukwa ozungulira ali maginito ya stator ndi, pulsing nthawi. Zofewa chiyambi cha commutator galimoto sizingatheke chifukwa pa mfundo iyi matalikidwe a makina adzakhala pazipita, koma ngati inu kuyandikira liwiro synchronism amasankhidwa molingana ndi kuchepa mphamvu. Ndi mathamangitsidwe zina zidzapereka kuwonjezeka latsopano. Pofuna kuthana ndi vuto la kusintha mu nkhani iyi yoperekedwa zinthu zingapo yotsatana:

- The kapangidwe ayenera kuika patsogolo gawo limodzi-Poyankha, potero kuchepetsa otaya zowalamulira pa.

- The gawo kukana chofunika kuonjezera, amene zinthu zambiri zingamuthandize ndi resistors mu mbale wokhometsa kumene kuzirala wabwino.

- Zakeo ayenera mwachangu podshlifovyvatsya maburashi kuuma pazipita ndi kukana apamwamba.

- zotakasika electromotive mphamvu akhoza kulipidwa ndi ntchito mizati zina ndi windings motsatizana, ndi kufanana kumulowetsa wa thiransifoma lipindulitsa pa malipiro a EMF. Popeza mtengo wa chizindikiro otsiriza ndi ntchito ya liwiro okhota a ozungulira ndi magnetizing panopa, windings amenewa amafuna kapolo malamulo, amene sanayambebe kulibe.

- pafupipafupi kotunga madera ayenera kukhala otsika ngati nkotheka. Mungachite otchuka ndi 16 ndi 25 Hz.

- zitasintha SACs anapanga kudzera mwa kusintha kwa polarity kusinthitsa wa windings wa stator kapena ozungulira.

Ubwino ndi kuipa

Yerekezerani zinthu zotsatirazi: The zipangizo olumikizidwa kwa maukonde kunyumba magetsi ndi voteji wa volts 220 ndi pafupipafupi 50 Hz, mphamvu injini Pankhaniyi ali yemweyo. Kusiyana makhalidwe makina a chipangizo angakhale sangathe kapena ntchito malingana ndi zimene amafuna ntchito ku actuator lapansi.

Choncho, wokhometsa AC galimoto: ulemu poyerekeza ndi DC wagawo:

- The mupezeke maukonde ikuchitika mwachindunji, ndi kulibe zigawo zina. Mu nkhani ya makina DC amafuna ataweramuka.

- Yambani mmwamba panopa n'chochepa kwambiri, umene uli wofunika kwambiri kwa zipangizo ntchito mu moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku.

- pamaso pa chipangizo kulamulira dera ndi zosavuta - ndi thyristor dimmer. Ngati chigawo pakompyuta ndidzamangitsa mudzi wao, wokhometsa magetsi galimoto, mtengo wa potsata mphamvu ndi osiyanasiyana kuchokera rubles 1,400 ndi zambiri, adzakhalabe ntchito, koma nthawi yomweyo anazimitsa mphamvu zonse.

Palinso ena kuipa:

- Chifukwa zomvetsa mu stator inductance zitasintha ndi dzuwa akukhudzidwira ndi ndinasintha yafupika.

- Zolemba makokedwe amadziwikanso yafupika.

Motors magetsi, osakwatiwa-gawo wokhometsa ndi ubwino poyerekeza ndi kupatsidwa ulemu:

- compactness;

- pakalibe kumanga kwa pafupipafupi maukonde ndi mofulumira;

- makokedwe kwambiri;

- kuchepetsa njila ya kusintha ndi kuwonjezeka mu mode ndi zodziwikiratu, komanso kuchuluka makokedwe monga ukuwonjezeka katundu, ndi voteji amakhalabe zikutsatiridwa;

- kulamulira liwiro akhoza kukhala yosalala pa osiyanasiyana mwachilungamo lonse ndi mosiyanasiyana yobweretsa voteji.

Kuipa poyerekeza ndi galimoto asynchronous

- pamene katundu liwiro adzakhala wosakhazikika;

- burashi-commutator msonkhano chipangizo si yodalirika kwambiri (kufunika kwa pazipita ndikutsuka kwambiri kumachepetsa gwero);

- AC kusinthitsa amachititsa arcing kwambiri ndi wokhometsa, chotero anapanga kulowelela kwa ena;

- kofunikira kwambiri phokoso kuntchito;

- wokhometsa ndi yodziwika ndi zambiri mbali, kupanga injini ndi yaikulu kwambiri.

Modern wokhometsa galimoto amakhala ndi zinthu mwachinsinsi ndi mwayi wa magiya makina ndi matupi ntchito.

kufananitsa ena

Pamene kuyerekeza wokhometsa ndi asynchronous Motors mphamvu ofanana, kaya pafupipafupi mwadzina la otsiriza, izo analandira makhalidwe osiyana. Wotsatira anafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane. Universal commutator galimoto zipangizo ndi "zofewa" ntchito. Pankhaniyi, makokedwe mwachindunji njila kwa katundu kutsinde, pamene likukhalira inversely. Yoyezedwa makokedwe zambiri zosakwana pazipita 3-5. Kuchepetsa liwiro osagwira kuti amakhala ndi zomvetsa imachita injini, motero pamene makina amphamvu popanda kutsegula akhoza anawonongedwa.

A khalidwe la galimoto kupatsidwa ulemu ndi 'zimakupiza, i.e. unit amakhala liwiro approximating mwadzina pazipita mphindi kuwonjezeka zikuchepa ndi kuchepa pang'ono liwiro. Ngati tikulankhula atasintha mu chizindikiro ichi, injini makokedwe si kukula, koma akutsikira ziro, imbaenda anaima wathunthu. Osagwira liwiro pang'ono kuposa mwadzina, pamene otsala zonse. Khalidwe la kholo limodzi gawo kupatsidwa ulemu galimoto ndi akonzedwa zina za mavuto a Launch, popeza woterewu ndi makokedwe kuyambira m'mikhalidwe yachibadwa. Mphamvu ya maginito a lokhala ndi gawo stator, pulsing nthawi, lagawidwa minda iwiri ndi mbali zosiyana, chifukwa cha zomwe kuyamba popanda onse a zidule kumakhala kovuta:

- mphamvu, kupanga gawo yokumba;

- kugawanika poyambira;

- kukana kupanga gawo lakelake.

Theoretically munda onsewo mu gawo zosiyana amachepetsa pazipita Mwachangu umodzi-gawo kupatsidwa ulemu makina kuti 50-60% chifukwa zomvetsa mu dongosolo maginito ndi windings supersaturated anachita pa mafunde kauntala kumunda. Iwo likukhalira kuti pa kutsinde yomweyo makina awiri magetsi, ndi opaleshoni wina mu mode galimoto ndi zina - akafuna kutsutsidwa. Iwo likukhalira kuti Motors magetsi Single-gawo wokhometsa sakudziwa mpikisano mu Intaneti wawo. Ndipo izi yapindula chotero kutchuka mkulu.

Mawotchi makhalidwe a galimoto magetsi aipatsa dera la ntchito. Low liwiro, zochepa pafupipafupi AC kupanga asynchronous mphamvu zofanana limaphatikiza lalikulu kukula ndi kulemera poyerekeza ndi wokhometsa konsekonse. Komabe, pamene inalowa mu dera mphamvu inverter ndi pafupipafupi mkulu chingapezeke ofanana kukula ndi kulemera. Patsalanso stiffness makina makhalidwe a galimoto, kumene akuwonjezeka imfa tokopreobrazovanie komanso kuchuluka pafupipafupi, kuchuluka zomvetsa maginito ndi inductive.

Analogs popanda mfundo wokhometsa

Commutator galimoto ali ndi AC analogi, umene uli pafupi ndi mu maonekedwe makina, - valavu, mmene burashi-commutator msonkhano m'malo inverter okonzeka ndi kachipangizo ozungulira malo. Mu analogi pakompyuta ya makina amagwiritsa dongosolo otsatirawa: a rectifier, synchronous galimoto ndi kachipangizo wa okhota malo a ozungulira, limodzi ndi inverter ndi. Komabe, pamaso pa ozungulira maginito okhazikika kumabweretsa kuchepetsa wa makokedwe pazipita pamene kusunga kukula.

Mfundo ntchito

commutator galimoto chipangizo ikusonyeza mmene chipangizo otembenuka mphamvu ngati zamagetsi ku mphamvu mawotchi ndi mosemphanitsa. Zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti n'zotheka ntchito monga jenereta ndi. Ndi zothandiza wokhometsa galimoto mwatsatanetsatane, dera lomwe lizidzachita mphamvu zake.

Malamulo a sayansi kuti bwino kuti pamene magetsi kudzera wochititsa m'munda ndi maginito, zotsatira kwa iye mphamvu zina. Mu lamulo ili ntchito ya chala chachikulu, amathandiza mwachindunji za mphamvu za galimoto. Commutator galimoto amagwila ntchito mfundo yaikulu.

Physics limatiphunzitsa kuti maziko chilengedwe cha zinthu zothandiza ndi malamulo pang'ono. Ichi chinali maziko kupanga chimango kuti imazungulira m'munda maginito kukhala kotheka kuti akonze wokhometsa galimoto. Chiwembu limasonyeza kuti mphamvu ya maginito ya nsapato ochititsa aikidwa, panopa yomwe imalozera mbali zosiyana, motero mphamvu kwambiri. Uwerenge awo amapereka makokedwe chofunika. The chipangizo ya galimoto magetsi ndi zambiri zosavuta, popeza anawonjezera lonse osiyanasiyana mfundo zofunika, makamaka, wokhometsa amene amapereka chimodzimodzi panopa malangizo pa mitengoyo. The unevenness patsogolo yathetsedwa mwa kukonza coils angapo armature, ndi maginito okhazikika n'kuyamba ndi koyilo, amene anatilola kupewa kufunika kwa DC. N'zotheka kupereka malangizo umodzi wa makokedwe.

Kukonza Motors magetsi ndi manja awo

Ngati chipangizo ina, gulu ili sangaone chifukwa chilichonse. Ngati galimoto magetsi, chithunzi chimene mukuonera review athu imbani nambala Napempha kwa motsatana, kapena pamene anayamba si akusandutsa kutsinde mukufuna onani, kupsereza ngati mafyuzi, palibe chiphwanya mu dera magetsi a armature, ngati chipangizo palokha mwadzaza. Nthawi zambiri zimamuchulukira kumam'phunzitsa kuti nthenda mfundo panopa mowa. Pofuna kuthetsa vutoli ayenera bwinobwino kufala makina ndi nanyema, ndiye kuchotsa zimayambitsa kuchulukana.

The chipangizo cha galimoto la kuti pa oyambitsa izo amadya ndi amperage ena. Ngati ndi wamkulu kuposa phindu mwadzina, izo chofunika kukayendera kugwirizana kwa kulumikiza kufanana ndi siriyo windings wachibale wina ndi mnzake, komanso poyerekezera rheostat lapansi. Kodi kukonza Motors magetsi ndi manja awo, analola zolakwa omveka bwino. Makamaka, windings shunt akhoza chikugwirizana pa mndandanda ndi magetsi kukana rheostat, kapena chikugwirizana ndi ndodo imodzi mains lapansi.

Kugwirizana tchesi polumikiza zikugwira ntchito kumulowetsa malemeredwe opangidwa ndi kulumikiza kumalekezero a shunt kumulowetsa chingwe, ndipo chachiwiri - ndi magetsi wochititsa anakafika ku Arc rheostat. Kawirikawiri mtanda gawo wochititsa magetsi pang'ono kakang'ono kuposa ena, motero angathe kuonedwa popanda megger. Analepheretsa mphamvu lophimba ndi rheostat kosangalatsa slider udindo pakati pa malekezero lopanda mphamvu kulandira. Kudzera nyale ulamuliro wopangidwa successively mapanga sikani malekezero onse conductive. Pamene inu musakhudze mmodzi wa iwo, nyali ayenera kuyatsa, ndi zina - palibe. Choncho onse anayesedwa galimoto. Mtengo wa ntchito kudzadalira mtundu wa kuwonongeka kwa wagawo ndi.

Ngati pa ntchito chiwerengero cha kusintha zimawonedwa, amene ali zosakwana mwadzina, zifukwa zikuluzikuluzo ichi zambiri motere: yaing'ono maukonde voteji, zimamuchulukira zipangizo, lalikulu zosangalatsa panopa. Ngati pali sanali zinchito m'chilengedwe n'zosiyana chofunika kuti aletse malemeredwe magetsi dera, kuthetsa zopindika onse wapezeka, ndiye n'zotheka kukhazikitsa phindu wabwinobwino wa malemeredwe panopa. Nthawi zina, mungafunike rewind Motors magetsi.

Pamene chifukwa inoperability unit olakwika conjugation kufanana ndi yotsatana malemeredwe windings chofunika kubwezeretsa m'ndondomeko kugwirizana. Ngati ndi kosatheka kuti athetse vuto limeneli m'njira yosavuta kumva ukafunidwe kwa rewind Motors magetsi. Amafuna mtengo cheke ndi voteji mu maukonde magetsi, kuyambira kuwonjezeka ake mwadzina chizindikiro chipangizo liwiro akhoza zochuluka.