Chidziwitso chothandiza: momwe mungadziwire mankhwala a methyl mowa?

"Kwa diso", makamaka kwa akatswiri, ndizosatheka kusiyanitsa pakati pa ethyl mowa, yomwe ikuphatikizidwa mu zakumwa zonse zoledzeretsa zomwe zili padziko lapansi, kuchokera kwa wothandizira ake - mankhwala a methyl. Izi zimabweretsa poizoni wamakono ku Russia ndi ku CIS m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, kumene miyambo yoipa inali kugwiritsa ntchito mowa wosadziwika kapena wokayikira.

Koma kumwa zakumwa zopanda pake pa ethyl - theka lachimwene (ngakhale poyambirira kusinthika, ethyl mowa nayenso ankafanana ndi poizoni). Methanol ndi mdani weniweni wa thupi. Izi ndizoopsa kwambiri, zomwe, ngakhale pangТono pang'ono, zimakhala ndi zotsatira zovulaza mitsempha ya mitsempha ndi mitsempha ya munthu, ndipo makamaka pazochitika, kuti akwaniritse khungu. Ndipo kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa magalamu 30 mpaka 100 (kwa anthu osiyanasiyana mwa njira zosiyanasiyana) za chinthu ichi kungawononge imfa. Choncho, funso la momwe angadziwiritsire mankhwala a mowa mankhwalawa sizowathandiza, koma ngakhale kwambiri. Makamaka potsata mfundo yakuti, malinga ndi akatswiri, kuchuluka kwa mowa kumagulitsidwa m'dziko lathu ndi chinyengo!

Za momwe mungasiyanitse pakati pa methyl mowa ndi ethyl, kusiyana kotani pakati pawo, tidzakambirana m'nkhani yathu. Tikukhulupirira kuti chidziwitso chomwe chatulukira chidzakuthandizani kupeŵa zochitika zosafunikira ndi zotsatira zovulaza za methanol mukamwa mowa.

Momwe mungadziwire kunyumba mankhwala a methyl mowa

Ambiri amakumbukira zochitika za posachedwapa ku Czech Republic, kumene zikuwoneka kuti ndizochokera ku "chizindikiro" chakumwa chinapweteka anthu ambiri. Ndipo izi zazikulu zabodza, zopangidwa m'mabotolo okongola, zili ndi methanol. Choncho, kudziwa momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mowa wamchere panyumba n'kofunikira komanso kofunika. Pambuyo pake, kukoma ndi fungo la methanol sizosiyana kwambiri ndi mowa. Inde, ngati muli ndi yankho ndi mtundu umodzi wokha wa mowa pamaso panu, ndiye kusiyana kumeneku kungatsimikizidwe ndi njira zosiyanasiyana, koma zosavuta, zomwe tidzakambirana pansipa. Koma ngati chisakanizo cha mowa, ndiye zomwe zilipo komanso kuchuluka kwake kungamvetsetse pokhapokha pofufuza pa laboratori.

Njira za anthu zosankha

Kotero: momwe mungadziwire mankhwala a methyl mowa? Njira zabwino zomwe zimaperekedwa ndizochitikira ndipo zimakhala zothandiza. Woyamba mwa iwo: akumwa mowa. Timatsanulira zakumwa zamayesero m'mabotolo aang'ono ndikuwotcha. Timayang'anitsitsa mtundu wa moto woyaka moto (ndipo kuwotchedwa kudzakhala pa aliyense, popeza kuti nsanjayi ndi madigiri oposa 40) ndikuyerekezera. Ngati kuyaka ndi moto wa buluu, ndiye kuti tili ndi ethanol kutsogolo kwa ife, ndipo ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa zakumwa zakumwa (ndithudi, ngati palibe zoipitsa zina pamenepo). Ngati kuyaka kukuphatikiza ndi mtundu wobiriwira wa moto, ndiye izi ndi methanol. Njira yosavuta komanso yothandiza, monga panyumba, kuti mudziwe mankhwala a methyl mowa, mosakayikira adzagwira ntchito ngati yankho liri loyera pamaso pathu. Ndipo njira yokhayo imadalira kusiyana kwina mu mankhwala omwe amapangidwa ndi zakumwa.

Ndi thandizo la mbatata

Mothandizidwa ndi mbatata yaiwisi yowonjezera ndi kotheka kudziwa kusiyana kumeneku. Mbatata imayenera kupopedwa ndi kuchapidwa. Muzuke mizu ya mbeu ndikuidula mu chidebe chaching'ono, komwe kuyesa madzi kumapezeka: mwinamwake ethyl kapena methyl mowa. Patapita kanthawi (kawirikawiri, maola angapo) mbatata mu methanol ayenera kusintha mtundu wake ndi kukhala mthunzi wa pinki. Mu ethanol, chombocho sichimasintha mtundu.

Chitsanzo cha mtundu wa formaldehyde

Kwa iye, tidzafuna waya wamkuwa ndi kutsegula. Nthambi iyenera kukhala yamkuwa ndi kutsukidwa ku chipolopolo. Madzi oyesa amatsanulira mu mbale. Mkuwa umatenthedwa pamoto ndipo umadzimangirira mu madzi osakaniza. Ngati pali methanol patsogolo pathu, ndiye kuti pali fungo losasangalatsa komanso lakuthwa la formaldehyde. Dothi la ethyl mu nkhaniyi ndi losavuta, (nthawi zina limawoneka ngati kukoma kwa apulo). Zosankha: kuwonjezera pa potaziyamu permanganate (kugula mankhwala) ndi kuyatsa moto. Mwa kununkhiza, n'zosavuta kudziwa ngati mowa ndi wa gulu lina la methanol kapena mowa.

Kusamala

Ngati mukuganiza kuti chakudya cha methanol, muyenera kutchula dokotala nthawi yomweyo, osati kuyembekezera: iwo amati, icho chidzapita ndi kupasuka. Zizindikiro za poizoni: ululu wopweteka pamutu, kupuma kuli kovuta, munthu amamva zofooka ndi zofooka, kupweteka m'mimba ndi mimba, kuthekera kusanza. Mungayesetse kuti thupi likhale lopweteka ndi magenta omwewo mu njira yothetsera madzi. Ndipo mwa njira, kudziwa momwe mungasiyanitse mowa wa methyl kunyumba kungakhale kothandiza apa, ngati madzi omwe ankaloledwa sanatsegulidwe. Koma mankhwala abwino, osamveka bwino, ndi 10% ya ethyl mowa!