Viola - ndi zingwe chida, lomwe lili ndi chipangizo ofanana ndi violin. Komabe, pang'ono yaitali, kupanga izo zikumveka m'kaundula m'munsi. Viola zingwe anatsekula m'njira yapadera. Iwo ali m'munsi mwa zeze wachisanu, cello pamene octave apamwamba. Viola ndalemba mu treble ndi Alto makiyi.
Mbiri ya yatsoka
The chida alt ankaona loyambirira la uta alipo. nthawi yake yatsoka anatchula zaka XV-XVI. Chida ichi ndi woyamba kuzolowera lino tsiku mawonekedwe. Ake zinalengedwa ndi Antonio Stradivari. kholo The imatengedwa viola viola kwa mkono. chida ichi umachitika mu phewa kumanzere. M'pofunikanso ponena kuti wotsatira wa abale - viola da gamba anali anapitiriza bondo wake. Dzina ku Italy ndi choimbira utachepa ndi nthawi viola a. Mwaichi, Yehova waliteteza mu Chingerezi. Mu German, ndi ofanana Bratsche anafika kwa iye. The chida alt anayeza mu millimeters. Pali nthawi ya ku mamilimita 350 kwa 425. Kusankha kukula zimadalira yaitali bwanji manja a akaimbeyo. Kuyambira angapo zeze viola ndi chinthu chachikulu kuyandikira Viola, anapatsidwa kukula bwino. Choncho anaonekera msanga m'gulu, ndi mawu ambiri, analowa nthetemya ali ogwirizana kwambiri. Viola, motero, anali mlatho pakati pa anazimiririka mbadwa viol ndi zeze zida, yomwe inayamba panthawi imeneyi.
zida masewera
Viola - chida choimbira amafunika kuti njira yapadera. Ikusewera iyo osiyana ndi amene chibadidwe zeze ndi. kusiyana ndi mu njira ya kulira. Njira kusewera ndi zochepa kwambiri chifukwa chachikulu ndi kufunika kwa Tambasula yaikulu ya zala. The timbre wa viola - matte, wandiweyani, kupatula yowala poyerekeza ndi treble ndi velvety pa nkhani m'munsi, chapamwamba - kwambiri m'mphuno. Miyeso ya nyimbo mlandu chida, satsatira dongosolo. Kuti imapanga timbre zachilendo. Ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 46 ndi 47 kutalika chida ali 38 -. 43 masentimita Alto ndi miyeso lalikulu amene ali pafupi ndi Agiriki, makamaka ankaimba asangalatsi payekha. Iwo manja amphamvu, ndi luso otukuka. Viola ngati chida payekha ntchito ndi kawirikawiri. Apa ndi repertoire yaing'ono. Komabe, posachedwapa panali zambiri osewera abwino viola, monga Yuri Kramarov, Kim Kashkashian, Yuri Bashmet. Chithunzi chachikulu cha chida ichi nyimbo ndi chingwe ndi nthetemya yana. Pali odzipereka viola payekha nkhani, komanso voti sing'anga. kiyibodi Izi ndi chipani zofunika chingwe anai. Thiabendazole angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa ensembles zosiyanasiyana chipinda. Mwachitsanzo, limba quintet kapena chingwe atatu kapena anai. Violist pachikhalidwe mwana simunamvetsetse izo, ndi kupita chida ali ndi mochedwa. Monga ulamuliro, atamaliza maphunziro nyimbo sukulu pa nthawi chikuonetseratu kuti inali kapena sukulu. Nthawi zambiri, kusintha kwa Alto oimba vayolini ndi kukula kwa thupi lalikulu, kugwedera lonse ndi manja lalikulu. Ena oimba otchuka ophatikizana njira ziwiri. Mwachitsanzo, David Oistrach ndi Nikkolo Paganini.
oimba wotchuka
Chida Alto anasankha Yuriy Abramovich Bashmet. Mwa zina oimba odziwika bwino amene mwandipatsa mmalo ngwazi wathu, tisaiwale, Vladimir Romanovich Bakaleynikova, Rudolf Borisovich Barsha Igor Isaakovich Boguslavsky Vadima Vasilevicha Borisovskogo, Fedor Serafimovicha Druzhinin, Yuri Markovich Kramarova, Tortisa Lionel, Maurice Vieux, limakhulupirira Rysanova, Kim Kashkashyana, Paulo Hindemith, Tabea Zimmerman, Dmitriya Vissarionovicha Shebalina, William Primrose, Mihaila Benediktovicha Kugelya.
ntchito
Alto chida ndi oketsra zikumveka mu "Sinfonia Concertante" ndi wa Mozart, "Sonata" Niccolo Paganini, komanso Berlioz, Bartók, Hindemith, William Walton, Edison Denisov, Alfred Schnittke, GF Telemann, A. I. Golovina. Kulumikizana ndi clavier wamba mu M. I. Glinki, D. D. Shostakovicha, Brahms, Schumann, Nikolaya Roslavtsa A. Hovanessa. Payekha angamvele ntchito Maksa Regera, Moiseya Vaynberga, Ernsta Ksheneka, Sebastian Bach, Paulo Hindemith. Popanda ngwazi wathu sanachite kuvina ndi Adolphe Adam, "Giselle". Izo zikumveka ndi ndakatulo symphonic ndi Richard Strauss ' "Don Quixote". Sipanatenge popanda iye ndi Leo Delibes kuvina "Coppelia". Muyeneranso kukumbukira nyimbo za zisudzo "The Makropulos Lonse" Janacek. Izo zikumveka ndi kuvina Boris Asafiev "The Kasupe wa Bakhchisarai".
mfundo kuti
Palinso mwapadera viola - mphepo chida. Njirayi imatchedwa Alto. Tikuyankhula zokhudza chida mkuwa. Adzaupereka kwa banja la saxhorn. Osiyanasiyana - A - ES 2. Chifukwa featureless ndi wosasamala phokoso kuchuluka kwa ntchito malire mkuwa magulu. Apo iye anali, monga ulamuliro, zosungika, mawu pakati.