"Blue Stream" - ndi payipi mpweya pakati Russia ndi Turkey

"Blue Stream" - payipi gasi, ponena kupereka mpweya ku Russia kuti Turkey. Chitadutsa pansi pa Nyanja Black, motero bypasses mayiko ena. payipi yomanga zachititsa kuti chitukuko cha msika hydrocarbon ndi zomangamanga ku Turkey.

nkhani za m'mbiri

Chakumapeto 1997, atsogoleri a Russia ndi Turkey, mayiko anasaina mgwirizano pa katundu mpweya. Malinga ndi chikalatacho, kampani "Gazprom" walemba pangano ndi Turkey kampani "Botas" pa kukhazikitsa katundu mwachindunji gasi kuti Turkey kuchuluka kwa 365 biliyoni mamita ³ pa chaka kudzera payipi ya. Kupereka ndalama zimenezi ziyenera kusintha kwa zaka 25.

Mu 1999, kampani Chitaliyana "ENI" ndi "Gazprom" zinasaina memorandum pa mgwirizano olowa ndi ntchito kumanga payipi mpweya. polojekiti "Blue Stream" anayamba kumapeto 1999, pamene Company anali ndi mayina olowa ankapitabe Blue Stream payipi Company BV, amene panopa ali mwini wa gawo zikawonongeka. "Gazprom" - mwiniwake wa dziko.

"Blue Stream" (mpweya) inamangidwa mu June 2002, pafupifupi 9 miyezi.

The kukhazikitsidwa kwa payipi ya mpweya chinachitika mu 2003. The mtengo yomanga Akuti pa $ biliyoni 3.2. Pa chaka, 2 biliyoni kiyubiki mamita mpweya Russian adaperekedwa kwa Turkey.

The payipi mpweya "Blue Stream" pa mapu

Ngati tikulingalira malo payipi pa mapu, mukhoza muchigawane zigawo zitatu:

• Russian dziko;
• m'madzi;
• Turkey dziko.

"Blue otaya" khadi ndi anapereka m'munsimu.

Mbali Russian wa payipi limayenda Mphepete mumzinda wa Stavropol Izobilnoye. Ikatha ndi Krasnodar Gawo ndi. Chibwenzi Women Russian kwa Black Sea gombe. gawo ili la chitoliro kutalika 373 Km.

Mbali zikawonongeka amapita mbali chakumadzulo kwa mzinda wa Samsun, pa Nyanja Black. Kutalika kwa gawo nyanja ya njira - 396 Km.

Land Turkey gawo la payipi ya - ndi Tambasula yaitali (444 km). Ilo liri ku mzinda wa Samsun kum'mwera chakumadzulo wa Ankara.

makhalidwe luso

"Blue Stream" - payipi gasi, amene kutalika ndi m'ma 1200 Km. Russian onshore gawo chikuchitika mu mapiri. Mbali zikawonongeka wa payipi lagona pa akuya pafupifupi 2100 Km.

Pansi pa Nyanja Black ali okhutira mkulu wa sulfide wa hydrogen choncho yomanga ngati m'malo akuti ndi mwamakani. N'zovuta kwambiri ntchitoyo. Kusintha kudalilika, kamangidwe ntchito dzimbiri zosagwira zitsulo ndi polymeric ❖ kuyanika mu kupanga mipope. Zikuonekanso ntchito anzeru Ikani.

Yomanga a chigawo Russian la mapiri anamanga ngalande wapadera kudutsa pansi zitunda pa phiri Mayina Awo Mare. Njira imeneyi inali ntchito kwa nthawi yoyamba mu Russia. Ngalande kutalika - 3,26 Km.

A udindo wapadera pomanga linaperekedwa kwa miyeso kuteteza zachilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, pamodzi ndi njira ya payipi ya zinachitikadi dziko reclamation, ndipo zinasungidwa chidina nkhalango pomanga ngalande pansi zitunda lapansi.

yokumba

Gasi makontena inayamba mu February chaka cha 2003. Mu mgwirizano, "Gazprom" anali kupereka mbali Turkey mu 2003, 2 biliyoni mamita ³ gasi, mamita-2004 - kale 4 biliyoni mamita ^3. Ndi 2010 Choncho, buku katundu anayenera ziwonjezeke kwa mphamvu pazipita payipi ya - biliyoni 16 mamita ^3.

Ndipotu kotunga mabuku anali penapake poyerekeza wopita:

• 2004 - biliyoni 3.2 mamita ^3;
• 2005 - 5 biliyoni mamita ^3;
• 2006 - biliyoni 7.5 mamita ^3;
• 2007 - biliyoni 9,5 mamita ^3.

zikuchitika

Malinga polojekiti mphamvu pazipita payipi ya - kiyubiki mamita biliyoni 16 pa chaka. Wogula gasi, Turkey, nthawi zambiri anapempha mabuku mpweya lolingana mphamvu payipi. Mfundo yakuti Iran alibe amakwaniritsa udindo wake kupereka mpweya ku Turkey. Imeneyi, Iye akupita kukakomana nawo ntchito ndi kukwaniritsa kuchepa kwa kuuka Russian "Gazprom". "Blue Stream" chimakwirira nthawi nsonga za kufunika kwa mafuta Turkey, amene kugwirizana ndi coolings nyengo.

ziyembekezo

Panopa ngalande ali nthambi ziwiri. Komabe, pafupifupi zaka 10 monga funso apakhungu amakhalabe za zomangamanga lachitatu. ntchito unkatchedwa "Blue Stream-2". Poyamba izo ankaganiza kuti nthambi yatsopano adzamangira mu nthawi kuchokera 2010 mpaka 2015. Komabe, ntchito sanabadwe inayamba, mpaka pano podikira.

Izo zakonzedwa kuti mpweya Russia atapereka kudzera Turkey ku Israel ndi mayiko ena Middle East. ntchito zimenezi n'kofunika kwambiri chifukwa Russia ku mfundo chuma view, kuyambira kusowa mafuta chingatithandize kutenga malo ofunika kwambiri pa msika latsopano. Turkey ndi chidwi ndi ntchito yomanga payipi latsopano gasi, popeza anali kupanga ndalama kuchokera zamaulendo a zipangizo.

Kukhazikitsa GGI chindiletsa mavuto azandale m'chigawo malingana ngati Israeli sizingatheke kukwaniritsa pangano pa mpweya polumikizira kudzera m'dera la Syria ndi Lebanon. Dziko lili mavuto azachuma, kotero mtengo wa uphungu mphamvu akugwa mofulumira. Zovuta ndi zinthu ziliri ndale mu Middle East.

"Blue Stream" - payipi gasi, omwe ndi wapadera kapangidwe hayidiroliki. yomanga ake anali chida chatsopano mu mbiri ya patsogolo sayansi. Mbali yaikulu ya izo ili pansi pa Nyanja Black, pa akuya pafupifupi 2 Km. Ntchito wofuna n'kofunika kwambiri chifukwa chuma cha Russia, chifukwa uyamiko kwa Iye, kukhala kotheka chakudya gasi ku mayiko a m'dera Middle East.