Transistor masiwichi. Mfundo dera opaleshoni

Pamene ntchito ndi zithunzi zovuta zothandiza ndi ntchito za ndale zosiyanasiyana luso kuti akhoza kukwaniritsa cholinga chidwi. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi chilengedwe cha masiwichi michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi. Kodi n'chiyani? N'chifukwa chiyani kulenga? Chifukwa iwo amatchedwa "pakompyuta makiyi"? Kodi maonekedwe a ndondomeko izi, ndi choti?

Kodi anapanga masiwichi transistor

Iwo anaphedwa ndi ntchito ya m'munda kapena transistors ochititsa kuti. Komanso ogaŵikana makiyi oyamba ndi TIR kuti kudziletsa tsa-n-zolumikizanazo. Pakati ochititsa kuti si kusiyanitsa / zimalimbikitsa. Transistor kusinthana 12 V kukhutitsa zofuna tikambirane wailesi ankachita masewera.

mode malo amodzi

Mmenemo ri limati chatsekedwa ndi lotsegula la chinsinsi. The polowera woyamba ndi otsika voteji msinkhu, chomwe chimayimira zomveka ziro chizindikiro. Mu mode chotero, onse kusintha ali ku mbali n'zosiyana (cutoff analandira). Ndipo pa wokhometsa panopa zitha bwanji kutentha. M'chigawo lotseguka kwa athandizira kiyi ndi mkulu voteji mlingo lolingana mfundo chizindikiro chimodzi. Opaleshoni n'zotheka modes awiri nthawi imodzi. ntchito wotero m'chigawo machulukitsidwe kapena dera liniya wa khalidwe linanena bungwe. Tidzakhalanso kukambirana mwatsatanetsatane.

machulukitsidwe kiyi

Zikatero, ndi transistor kusintha ndi nkani mu njira patsogolo. Choncho, ngati inu kusintha m'munsi panopa, mtengo wa wokhometsa sisintha. Mu pakachitsulo transistors kwa kukondera za 0,8 V n'kofunika pamene chifukwa germanium voteji fluctuates mkati 0.2-0.4 V. A kiyi monga machulukitsidwe ambiri iti? Kuti tichite zimenezi, m'munsi panopa ukuwonjezeka. Koma zonse ziri ndi malire ake, komanso kumaonjezera machulukitsidwe. Choncho, pamene mufika wina phindu masiku ano amathera kukula. Koma chifukwa amawononga machulukitsidwe wa makiyi? Pali mtengo wapadera, kumene kumasonyeza mmene zinthu zilili. Ndi kuwonjezeka katundu mphamvu ukuwonjezeka, amene masiwichi transistor, zinthu kusokoneza anayamba bwanji mphamvu ang'onoang'ono, koma pali kuwonongeka mu ntchito. Choncho, phindu machulukitsidwe chinthu osankhidwa tiganizira kungololera moganizira vuto limene lifunika anachita.

Kuipa unsaturated kiyi

Ndipo zimene zingachitike ngati sanali akwaniritsa mtengo mulingo woyenera? Ndiye pali zolakwa amenewa:

1. Voteji kugwa lotseguka kiyi kutaya kwa pafupifupi 0.5 V.
2. Kuvutika chitetezo chokwanira. Ichi ndi chifukwa cha kuchuluka athandizira impedance, amene asunga mwa makiyi pamene iwo ali lotseguka. Choncho, kulowerera monga spikes voteji ndipo adzatsogolera kusintha mu magawo transistor.
3. Zimalimbikitsa kiyi ali kwambiri kutentha bata.

Monga mukuonera, ndondomeko ichi ndi bwino kuchita, kuti kenako kupeza chipangizo wangwiro.

liwiro

chizindikiro ichi zimadalira pazipita chovomerezeka pafupipafupi, akhoza kuchitika pamene kusinthitsa chizindikiro. Izi nayenso zimadalira nthawi ya ndondomeko ya kusintha, omwe anatsimikiza ndi inertia wa transistor, komanso ngati chikoka cha magawo parasitic. Nalo amafotokozera ntchito mfundo zambiri amasonyeza nthawi pafupifupi kuti kumachitika pamene mbendera anachedwa majeremusi ake mu transistor lophimba. Chithunzi chosonyeza ake bwinobwino ndendende ichi chinali pafupi ayankhe osiyanasiyana ndi mapulogalamu.

Mogwirizana ndi makiyi ena

Kuti tichite zimenezi, couplers ntchito. Choncho, ngati woyamba lophimba linanena bungwe ndi pa mkulu mlingo voteji, ndiye pali kachiwiri polowera kutsegula ndi akuthamanga mu mode anakonzeratu. Ndi mosemphanitsa. Chonchi kulankhulana dera zayamba amakhudza njira chosakhalitsa komwe kumachitika nthawi kusintha, ndi liwiro mafungulo. Pano mmene transistor lophimba. Ambiri ndi ndale yomwe mogwirizana udzachitika yekha pakati pa transistors awiri. Koma zimenezi sizikutanthauza kuti n'zosatheka kuti chipangizo chomwe ntchito zinthu zitatu kapena zinayi kapena kuposa. Koma kuchita zimenezi zingakhale zovuta kupeza ntchito, kotero ntchito ya mtundu wa transistor lophimba si ntchito.

Kodi kusankha

ntchito bwino ndi chiyani? Tiyeni tiyerekeze kuti tili ndi transistor lophimba losavuta, ndi voteji kotunga amene ali 0.5 V. Kenako, pogwiritsa ntchito oscilloscope angathe kugwila zonse kusintha. Ngati wokhometsa panopa 0.5mA pa akonzedwa mlingo, ndi voteji ikagwa 40 MV (zochokera adzakhala pafupifupi 0,8 V). Mfundo za vuto tikhoza kunena kuti si kupatuka kwambiri, amene amaika malire ntchito mndandanda wonse machenjerero Mwachitsanzo, masiwichi, chizindikiro analogi. Choncho, imvera wapadera transistors kunja tingati amene ali kulamulira tsa-n-zolumikizanazo. ubwino pa Akhristu ochititsa kuti ndi:

1. Mtengo pang'ono nkhawa yotsalira pa kiyi boma lolemba.
2. Kulimbikira mkulu ndi chifukwa - panopa ang'ono amene amatuluka mwa membala chatsekedwa.
3. Ukupsereza mphamvu pang'ono, kotero safuna gwero kwambiri kulamulira voteji.
4. N'zotheka kusinthana ndi magetsi otsika mlingo zizindikiro, zimene zimapanga mayunitsi a microvolts.

kusinthana transistor lophimba - ichi ndi ntchito yabwino kwa munda. Kumene, uthenga uwu aikidwa yekha owerenga nalo lingaliro za ntchito zawo. A pang'ono chidziwitso ndi luso - ndi kuthekera ndikukhazikitsa, amene ali masiwichi transistor kuti kugwiritsidwa ntchito zochuluka.

opareshoni Mwachitsanzo

Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane mmene mophweka transistor lophimba. Kusintha athandizira wina chizindikiro wadutsa ndi kuchotsedwa kuchoka ena. Logwirana ofunika pa chipata cha transistor ndi ntchito voteji kuti ndi apamwamba kuposa khalidwe magwero ndi kuda kukhala wofunika kuposa 2-3 V. Komabe, tiyenera kusamala kuti apite satha chovomerezeka. Pamene lophimba chatsekedwa, kulimbikira ali ndi lalikulu - kuposa ohms 10. Khalidwe limeneli analandira chifukwa chakuti zina zimakhudza kwambiri ndi chigamulocho kukondera watsopano wa pn zolumikizanazo. Mofanana boma capacitance pakati pa mbendera kusinthitsa dera ndi chipata elekitirodi ndi mu osiyanasiyana 3-30 PF. Tsopano tsegulani transistor lophimba. Galimoto ndi mchitidwe zingasonyeze kuti ngati chipata voteji yatsala pang'ono ziro, ndipo mwamphamvu zimadalira kukana katundu ndi anazimitsa makhalidwe voteji. Ichi ndi chifukwa dongosolo lonse la ankachita chipata, gwero ndi kuda wa transistor lapansi. Izi zimachititsa mavuto ena ntchito akafuna wowaza.

Monga njira yothetsera vutoli, njira zosiyanasiyana yapangidwa kuti kupereka olimba voteji kuti amapezeka pakati pa njira ndi chipata. Komanso, chifukwa cha thupi katundu ngakhale diode angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zimenezi. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, tiyenera m'gulu n'zosiyana malangizo Letsani voteji. Ngati inu adzalenga zinthu zofunika, ndi diode atseka ndi tsa-n-kusintha chikuyamba. Kusintha pamene voteji anazimitsa limakhalabe lotsegula, ndi kukana njira ndi sidzasinthika, n'zotheka monga mkulu-kukana resistor pakati gwero kiyi athandizira. Ndi kukhalapo kwa capacitances capacitor kwambiri imathandizira pa ndondomeko recharging.

Mawerengedwe a transistor lophimba

Amapereka chitsanzo cha mawerengedwe a luntha, mukhoza mmalo mfundo zanu:

1) The wokhometsa-emitter voteji - 45 V. Onse mphamvu madyaidya ndikuledzera - 500 MW. Wokhometsa-emitter voteji - 0.2 V. The cutoff pafupipafupi ntchito - 100 MHz. M'munsi-emitter voteji - 0,9 V. The wokhometsa apano - 100 MA. Statistical panopa kutengerapo chiŵerengero - 200.

2) resistor chifukwa panopa 60 MA 5-1,35-0,2 = 3.45.

3) wokhometsa kukana mtengo: 3,45 \ 0,06 ohms = 57,5.

4) Pakuti mayiko, timatenga phindu mwadzina la 62 ohms: 3,45 \ 62 = 0.0556 MA.

5) Ife kuganiza m'munsi panopa: 56 \ 200 = 0.28 MA (0.00028 A).

6) Kodi idzafunika resistor m'munsi: 5 - 0,9 = 4,1V.

7) Kudziwa kulimbikira wa resistor m'munsi: 4.1 \ = 0,00028 ohms 14,642,9.

Pomaliza

Ndipo potsiriza, za dzina "makiyi a pakompyuta". chakuti boma limasintha mwa pano. Ndi otani? Ndiko kulondola, akonzedwa a milandu amagetsi. Kuchokera pamenepa, ndipo pali dzina chachiwiri. Koma ambiri, ndipo onse. Monga mukuonera, mfundo ya ntchito ndi chipangizo masiwichi dera transistor si chinachake zovuta kwambiri kumvetsa izi - ndi zotheka. Tikumbukenso kuti ngakhale woyambitsa m'nkhaniyi kuti mukumbukire ake anatenga mabuku pang'ono Buku iye yobwereka. Choncho, ngati muli ndi mafunso kwa terminology ine akamufunsirire kukumbukira pamaso pa otanthauzira luso ndi kufufuza zinthu zatsopano zokhudza transistor masiwichi kumeneko.