Chalky mapiri - moyera-chozizwitsa cha chilengedwe. Zitsanzo choko mapiri ku Russian

Zonyezimira woyera choko mapiri sitingapeze ndithu kukopa chidwi cha alendo. Childs, kuchoka malo a miyala loyera kuzungulira dziko ananena nkhokwe chikhalidwe kapena zipilala achilengedwe. Kodi mukuona choko mapiri mu Russia? Kodi iwo chidwi?

Choko Phiri: chithunzi ndi kufotokozera za zodabwitsa zachilengedwe

Mel - ndi nyanja thanthwe mtundu, zofewa, woyera ndi wofumbutuka. Si sungunuka m'madzi, ali ndi chiyambi organic. Ndipotu, mankhwala aumbike nyama kakang'ono - okhala nyanja. Ndi choko, tonsefe bwino ngakhale ku sukulu.

The ndondomeko ya kudzikundikira thunthu mwakhama kutumphuka anayamba pafupifupi miliyoni 145-150 zaka zapitazo. Ndipo zinatha pafupifupi 90 miliyoni zaka. Mu geochronology nthawi otchedwa nthawi Cretaceous.

Chalky mapiri - wapadera miyala mapangidwe, zikuchitika m'madera osiyanasiyana a ku Ulaya. Zinapangidwa ku malo amenewo kumene zaka mamiliyoni zapitazo Tethys ankathamanga - ofunda ndi osaya nyanja. Chalky outcrop mumakhalanso zosafunika quartzite, chifukwa iwo amawala zokongola dzuwa. Chifukwa akuphatikizapo lotayirira mwa miyala ndi ovuta choko nthawi zambiri chidwi wa Chimonko ndi hermits zamitundumitundu. Apa anamanga obisika awo ndi lonse obisika zovuta.

Chalky Phiri: zitsanzo Europe ndi Russia

Mamilioni a zaka zapitazo, thambo ambiri a ku Ulaya anali pansi pa madzi. Panthawi imeneyi, pansi pa anasonkhanitsa akamba zinyalala, zidutswa za zomera ndi mafupa nsomba. Zonse izi pang'onopang'ono mbamuikha ndipo inasanduka mtundu watsopano - choko. M'madera ena, kakakulu madipoziti amenewa mpaka mamita 50.

M'kupita kwa nthawi, nyanja anayamba kuphwera, ndi nyanja anakhala youma, kuwulula yaikulu Cretaceous m'dambo. Ndipo anapanga m'madera ena choko mapiri - mboni chete mbiri ya Dziko Lapansi miyala. Iwo zotayana mu madera osiyana a Europe: England, France, Denmark, Russia ndi Ukraine.

Chimodzi mwa zitsanzo chidwi kwambiri pa mapiri Cretaceous ku Europe - otchedwa White ovuta wa Dover. Izi ndi lalikulu mamita 100 phompho unali pa gombe British (Kent). mafunde nyanja pang'onopang'ono kuchepetsa izo, kupanga m'tsinde mwa zinyalala phompho chachikulu. Masingano chilumba mu English Channel - Chitsanzo china cha formations Cretaceous. Awa awiri ovuta wowoneka bwino pa gombe la Chisumbu cha Wight.

Wapadera woyera maphunziro choko zimapezeka Russia (mu Voronezh, Rostov, Belgorod, Orenburg zigawo). Choncho, lamba lalikulu la Cretaceous phiri akudutsa pamodzi ndi Don Mtsinje ndi makhwawa yake - ndi Seversky Donets. Iye anachokera mu dera Volgograd la Russia ndipo itha m'dera la Ukraine Donbass.

Divnogorie - mapiri zodabwitsa pa magombe a Don

Kodi Don imaphwera mu yaing'ono khwawa Matama Pine, ndi kowonera zakale-otetezedwa "Divnogorie". Apa, mu malo a 10 makilomita lalikulu anamwazikana miyala ndi zipilala choko. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa wotchuka kwambiri zachilengedwe zokopa wa dera Voronezh, amene anapita chaka ndi osachepera zikwi 50 alendo.

mapiri Cretaceous m'dera Voronezh a m'deralo dzina "divas". Choncho dzina la malo a. The zomera za m'deralo ndi chidwi kwambiri. Zomera anayesedwa pano pafupifupi 250 mitundu ya zomera, pafupifupi theka la omwe ndi kaltsefitami (losavuta mawu - "melolyubami").

Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XV ansembe achigiriki anayambitsa obisika pano. The miyala Cretaceous anamanga okha phanga-maselo. Mu 1862 tchalitchi losema mmodzi wa miyala m'deralo. Lero, mpingo uwu zachilendo m'gulu maulendo ambiri ulendo.

Mapiri choko pa mtsinje Ilovlya

Volgograd dera monyadira mapiri ake chalky. Iwo ili m'mphepete lamanja la mtsinje Ilovlya, pakati pa mizinda ya Stone Brod ndi Kondrashov. Izi ndi wapadera zachilengedwe lomenyera malo ngati chipululu zakutchire ndi moyera-. Otsetsereka a mapiri Cretaceous pa magombe a Ilovlya otsetsereka kwambiri. Koma m'madera ena mukhoza amapitabe ngakhale ndi galimoto.

Mwa mapiri amenewa ndi mwala Brodsky Woyera Utatu Orthodox obisika, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa pa nthawi ya nkhondo Mongol. Chimonko anafukula miyala chalky a mavesi phanga kulumikiza iwo. Pa obisika muli akasupe a madzi wathanzi, komanso angapo chimphona thundu zaka zaka 400.

Chodabwitsa miyala Lysogorki

Wina Cretaceous zachilengedwe zodabwitsa ili mu dera Rostov, pafupi ndi mudzi Lysogorka. Komabe, zachilengedwe chipilala udindo dera limeneli walandira posachedwapa kwambiri, kokha mu 2006.

Rostov dera choko mapiri chimwemwe ndingaliro ya alendo ndi maonekedwe ake. Pakati pa ovuta woyera Lysogorki akhoza kuona silhouettes asilikali zakuda, ndi maphunziro a nyama ndi nkhope munthu ... miyala Cretaceous tiri pa gombe la nyanja ndi lalikulu. M'chilimwe ndi zabwino makamaka: mpweya ladzala ndi aromas a thyme, ndi madzi kungakhale nsomba kwambiri.

Choko Gallery Belgorod

Kuda nthawi Cretaceous zingaoneke m'dera Belgorod. Makamaka, Belgorod wakhala wotchuka chifukwa yopanga mkulu khalidwe woyera choko. Pa kunja kwa tauni ndi zaka anasiya mumphangayo, ngalande amene kutambasula makilomita ambiri kumtunda. Lero wakhala chandamale otchuka pakati pa diggers ndi alendo.

Mu makonde a Belgorod zomera mungapeze zosiyanasiyana zakale. Mwachitsanzo, zotsalira za wakale sitima yopapatiza-n'zotsimikizira, limene kamodzi anatulutsa choko padziko. Pa makoma mutha kuona zithunzi zamatsenga ndi dongosolo - kuda zitsime za kuboola. Ndipo mmodzi wa makonde ndi galimoto weniweni Vaz-2101. Momwe iye anapezera pano - sakudziwika. Near monyadira zoweta makampani galimoto ndi papepala lalikulu zitsulo dzimbiri. Iwo kwathunthu yokutidwa ndi zojambulajambula anatsala alendo zomera ndi.