Catherine 2 Board

Catherine Nyengo 2 ulamuliro mu Russia (1762 - 1796) -. Nthawi ya kusintha kwakukulu ndi zinthu zofunika pa moyo wa anthu.

Mfumukazi tsogolo la Russia, wobadwa Sofia Augusta Frederika wa Anhalt-Zerbst woyamba adadza kwa Russia mu 1745 pa kuyitana kwa Elizabeti. Mu chaka chomwecho iye anakwatira Grand Duke Peter Fedorovich (Petro 3). Dana matenda a mwamuna wake ndipo Elizabeth zabweretsa vuto kumene anali kuopseza kuti athamangitsidwe ake ku Russia. Modalira alonda Regiment, mu 1762 iye anapanga chiwembu yopanda magazi ndipo anakhala Mfumukazi. Izi zikachitika bolodi 2 Catherine anayamba.

Mfumukazi wakhala akuyesetsa kusintha yogwira, kuyesetsa kulimbikitsa mphamvu wake. Mu 1767 iye msonkhano kulemba Code Commission latsopano. Assembly malamulo Koma kunapezeka kutsutsa kwa Catherine ndi unatha

Mu 1763, kusintha kasamalidwe dongosolo, izo unachitikira kusintha malamulo. Mu Senate, zinali m'madipatimenti asanu, ndipo iye wataya ufulu kusamalira zida boma, kukhala apamwamba ulamuliro milandu ndi utsogoleri. Linakhalanso Berg-Collegium, Chief zamalamulo ndi manufactures Collegium. Centralization ndi bureaucratization mphamvu za dziko anathamanga likufanana ndi kayendedwe kawo. Pofuna kuthetsa mavuto a zachuma v1763- 1764 Catherine amathera ndi kusiya kupembedza a m'mayiko mpingo (inamasulira mu malo ochezera), zomwe zinachititsa kuti aziyankha chuma ndi n'chongoletsa atsogoleri monga mphamvu zandale.

Catherine 2 ulamuliro sanali zofewa. Pa nthawi ya ulamuliro wake anali Pugachev kugalukira. Wamba nkhondo 1773-1775 anasonyeza kuti gawo ili la anthu siligwirizana ake. Ndipo Catherine wasankha kulimbikitsa boma absolutist tizidalira amazikonda anthu otchuka.

"The hayala" otchuka ndi midzi (1785) anafufuza kapangidwe ka anthu, mosamalitsa kutanthauza zigawo chatsekedwa: otchuka, atsogoleri, amalonda, bourgeoisie zazing'ono ndi serfs. The kudalira yamasika nthawi zonse kuwonjezeka, polenga zinthu isanayambike "zaka wolemekezeka golide."

Mu ulamuliro wa Catherine 2 dongosolo ang'onoang'ono mu Russia wafika pachimake. Mfumukazi sanafune kusintha maziko a moyo chikhalidwe. Kutengera pa ntchito ya serfs ufumu wachifumu kudalira anthu otchuka oona ndi anzeru Mfumukazi, amene analamulira pa zonse - choncho kuyang'ana moyo wa dziko pa nthawi imeneyi. mfundo zoweta ndi achilendo ikuchitika basi mu zinthu za boma centralized. Imperial njira unali wachilendo ubale ku zigawo (Little Russia, Livonia ndipo Finland), komanso kuwonjezeka ndi kufalikira kwa Crimea, Polish wa Ufumu, North Caucasus, amene wayamba kale moto mavuto dziko. Mu 1764 Hetman linathetsedwa mu Ukraine, ulamuliro wake anasankhidwa kukhala kazembe wamkulu ndi pulezidenti wa gulu la Malorosskoy.

Mu 1775 chinali chiyambi cha kusintha kasamalidwe. M'malo 23 zigawo analenga 50 atsopano. The breech chipinda kupereka malangizo makampani Order - boma (zipatala ndi masukulu), makhoti anapambulwa akuluakulu a. dongosolo ulamuliro anakhala yunifolomu, abwanamkubwa Kumvetsela ku makoleji chapakati, abwanamkubwa ndipo potsiriza Mfumukazi.

Amadziwika kuti ulamuliro wa Catherine 2 - komanso ndi kutalika kwa okondera. Koma ngati Elizabeth ndi chodabwitsa chogwirika kuvulaza boma izo sizinathetse, tsopano yogawa lonse la maiko onse ndi serfs zoyenera Mfumukazi olemekezeka zinayamba chakukhosi.

Ŵakusanga absolutism wa Catherine - ndi nthawi ya malingaliro a ziphunzitso za ndale komanso za m'ma 18, imene chitukuko cha anthu ayenera kupita mu njira zamoyo zinachita motsogoleledwa ndi mfumu ŵakusanga ndi wokondedwa ndi anthu amene othandizira ndi nzeru ena.

The zotsatira za ulamuliro wa Catherine 2 zofunika kwambiri m'mbiri ya Russian. State gawo wakula kwambiri, revenues bajeti awonjezera nthawi zinai, pamene anthu chinawonjezeka ndi 75%. Komabe, ŵakusanga absolutism kuthetsa mavuto onse mwamsanga ndipo sadathe.