Category vinyo. Pa maziko anawagawa ndi magulu a vinyo? Gulu la vinyo ndi magulu khalidwe

Iwo anati mu Roma, Mu veritas vino, ndipo n'kosatheka kuti ligwirizane. Inde, ngakhale kupita patsogolo luso ndi kulima mitundu yatsopano ya mphesa, vinyo akhala m'modzi wa zakumwa wachilungamo. Anthu akhoza tisalembe mtundu odziwika bwino, koma yabodza kukoma, fungo ndi mtundu zosatheka. Ndipo mochuluka momwe 1000 zapitazo, khalidwe vinyo akhoza mumalozana chinenero ngakhale munthu wa mawu ochepa.

Ambiri amadabwa ndi kunena, "Wine ali ndi vinyo", koma m'pofunika wofufuza nkhani, ndi zimaonekeratu osiyanasiyana chotani dziko la kumwa.

3 mfundo za chikoka pa mbiri

1. Kwa nthawi yoyamba udindo wa mphatso ya Mulungu ya vinyo analandira Agiriki, pamene milungu ya Olympus kugawana Chinsinsi ndi ena. chakumwa, ndipo akadali zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa miyambo ya zipembedzo zambiri.

2. Akatswiri ambiri amavomereza kuti chiyambi cha French kuukira boma anali kuwonjezeka msonkho pa vinyo, ndiye anapanga chakumwa unaffordable ophunzirawo pakati.

3. Pamene France chinawonjezeka misonkho pakati pa Britain ndi Portugal ubwenzi. Ofufuza, ndi British ankakonda kukoma Chipwitikizi doko vinyo.

Ndipo tsopano funso waukulu - pa maziko vinyo anawagawa m'magulu.

General gulu

Uzani onse sukulu m'nkhani imodzi n'zosathekadi, kotero tiyeni tikambirane za dziko amakezana ndi otchuka European kwa kupanga mankhwala vinyo - France. Zinayi mlingo gulu la vinyo siyana khalidwe zinalembedwa apa.

Table vinyo (VDT kapena VIN de A tebulo). kupanga chakumwa akhoza zochokera ntchito sukulu zosiyanasiyana ndi mbewu mphesa. Kupereka 9% milingo mowa aziloledwa kuwonjezera shuga madzi. The vinyo chizindikiro tebulo sizisonyeza malo kupanga ndi chaka yokolola. Chifukwa chosowa expressiveness ndi paokha, iwo si oyenera chidwi cha otsutsa ndi sommeliers, ndi malo odyera wabwino monga iwo menyu.

VIN de A amalipira (VDP), kapena m'dera, a gulu la vinyo apamwamba khalidwe lomwe. Yopanga zachokera mitundu malamulo a zipatso, kumwa ayenera kukhala mphamvu zina ndi kukumana zina zokhudza organoleptic. Mphesa ntchito gulu ili, wakula m'dera wapadera. Chilamulo cha makampani chakumwa gulu ali malo 150 mu France.

Appellation d'Origine VIN Delimite de A Qualite Superieure (AOVDQS kapena VDQS) - apamwamba vinyo mpesa. kupanga awo ali ndi lamulo okhwima ndi ulamuliro imagwiridwa ndi mabungwe wapadera. zakumwa zonse zokhudzana ndi gulu la vinyo odindidwa, azikumana zofunika:

- kupanga chakumwa udzachitika m'madera atamangidwa ku chigawo chomwe mufuna;

- Gwiritsani ntchito kokha malamulo mphesa;

- motere wa akuchitira ndi zokolola pazipita pa mahekitala;

- ayenera kutsatira malamulo onse a vinification, amafuna organoleptic ndipo anakhazikitsa linga.

Appellation d'origine controlee (AOC) - gulu apamwamba vinyo ndi gulu, amene amatchulidwa mu chiyambi chake ndi zofunika kuyeza kuposa AOVDQS. Apa kuganizira zaka mipesa ntchito, nthaka zosiyanasiyana ndi mtundu wa chakumwa chifukwa. Udindo waukulu kupanga masewero "appellations", mwachitsanzo dzina, ndi kukutsimikizira kudalirika kwa mankhwala. Kumbukirani appellations zonse zovuta, monga chiwerengero chawo nthawi zonse kukula (zoposa 400), koma zapamwamba kwambiri vinyo AOC amaonedwa kukhala French, aliyense wa iwo ali ofala.

Ena a ku Ulaya ndi mizinda mphesa ku Ulaya, zochokera gulu la French, ife analenga ofanana. A malumikizanidwe bwino zikusonyezedwa tebulo.

France	Italy	Spain
VIN de A tebulo	Vino de A Mesa	Vino da Tavola
VIN de A amalipira	Vinos de A Las Tierras	Indicazione Geografica Tipica
AOVDQS	KODI (Denominacion de A Origen)	Denominazione di Origine Controllata
AOC	Denominacion de A Origen Calificada	Denominazione di Origine Controllata mauthenga Garantita

Gulu la okhutira shuga

Red zambiri youma, kotero kuchokera vinyo woyera.

1. Dec - youma (zosakwana 4 g / L).

2. Demi-gawo - semidry (4-12 g / l).

3. Moelleux - semisweet (12-45 g / l).

4. Doux - lokoma (kuposa 45 g / l).

Pakuti wothwanima: estra-brut (zosakwana 4 g / l), brut (15 g / l), owonjezera gawo (12-20 g / l), gawo (zosaposa 35 g / l), Demi-gawo (32 -55 g / l), doux (kuposa 55 g / l).

The zili NKHA ₂

VIN effervescent - gulu zakumwa wothwanima mowa, pamene sekondale kuwola michere chikuchitika mu botolo.

VIN mousseux gazeifie - gulu la wothwanima vinyo, m'mene NKHA ₂ machulukitsidwe kumachitika mwa carbonation.

VIN petillant - wothwanima vinyo, wosiyana ena otsika-kuthamanga NKHA ₂ mu botolo.

VIN perlant - ngale ndi mlingo wochepa wa NKHA _2.

VIN tranquille - chete zakumwa vinyo ndi kusapezeka pafupifupi NKHA _2.

Njira gulu

Mtundu zovuta kwambiri kulekana kwa chakumwa iliyonse kupanga ali suoneka ndi kusiyana. Ngakhale izi, akatswiri anatha kuzindikira magulu otsatirawa:

- The vinyo achinyamata kuti si akufunika kukhudzana.

- wokalamba mu mbiya kapena mabotolo chaka chimodzi.

- okalamba lees yake. Iwo zina zosiyanasiyana vinyo woyera, ichi ntchito luso mu Loire Valley.

- mowa wotsekemera vinyo opangidwa ndi kusintha, amene anawonjezera kuti liziwawa nedobrodivshee mowa kapena burande.

- vinyo yophika, makamaka, lopangidwa mu French Provence. Yopanga zachokera Kutentha yaitali ndi evaporation wa liziwawa. Yophika vinyo ali ndi kukoma yeniyeni ndipo lili mpweya wambiri wa shuga.

Gawo ndi mthunzi wa vinyo chakumwa

Si nthawi zonse alinso ndi mtundu wa vinyo, nthawi zina m'magulu malinga mankhwala awo zikuchokera. Mwachitsanzo, kodi mukudziwa kuti pali shampeni yopangidwa kuchokera ku mphesa wakuda, koma ali ndi mtundu woyera?

Mu vinyo wofiira lili tannins (tannins) udindo astringency ndi inki, kuchititsa mtundu.

Rose vinyo sayenera chidwi cha otsutsa, ngakhale osiyanasiyana awo a mitundu ndi yosiyanasiyana: kuchokera pang'ono papezeka kuti machulukitsidwe.

Palinso vinyo wobiriwira opangidwa ku Portugal, wakuda (Cahors), zachikasu.

Ndipo tsopano tione mwachidule vinyo KODI siyana.

Kodi zikutanthauza KUCHITA

Spanish analogue apamwamba vinyo mpesa (AOVDQS). The bwino kutulutsa katundu kwa gulu ili alandira zambiri kuposa 164 Spanish alimi vinyo.

M'dera yaikulu ya mpesa kuti yopanga vinyo kuti gulu ali La Mancha ku Spain - mahekitala 188.181. kupanga awo ali ndi kutchulidwa zake ndi velvety kukoma.

A pang'ono vinyo woyera

gulu la vinyo woyera zambiri lophatikizana ndi ubwamunalo linagawanika mu 6 sukulu:

1. kuuma vinyo kuwala "thupi." Monga sommelier anati ali ndi "chitsulo" pachimake. Iwo yafupika kuchuluka kwa shuga, koma mkulu wa ndende asidi, kuchuluka mowa si upambana 12% ndi pang'ono amaonekera fungo. Koma akatswiri odziwa amanena kuti mtundu uwu wa vinyo woyera zina ndi fungo ndi kukoma - zidalira pa zosiyanasiyana mphesa. Mwachitsanzo, "Sauvignon Blanc" ali zina zabwino azitsamba, ndi "Riesling" - zipatso.

2. Mawu a padzuwa la zoyera vinyo pafupifupi "thupi" - osachepera zaka 3. Iwo amapangidwa kuchokera Chardonnay, Shenen Blan ndi udindo. mlingo mowa wa 10 mpaka 13%, koma kukoma ndi fungo kutchulidwa zamaluwa ndi zolemba kamapezeka m'mafuta.

3. lonse "thupi" magulu a vinyo, monga ulamuliro, kusungidwa mu mbiya kwa zaka zingapo. Ali ndi kamapezeka m'mafuta kukoma, otsika acidity, ndi wambirimbiri tannins. Mowa kuchokera 12 mpaka 14%.

4. onunkhira woyera zakumwa vinyo amasiyana kutchulidwa zosowa zipatso fungo. Ali otsika asidi ndi mlingo wa mowa wa 12-14%.

5. theka-lokoma vinyo wopangidwa kuchokera zosiyanasiyana Moscatel mphesa, Tokay-Pinot Gris ndi Shenen Blan. MOWA 14% ndipo zimalowa chakumwa cha chilled 10 ⁰ C mawonekedwe.

6. Mu lokoma woyera vinyo chakumwa munali 18% mowa ambiri kudyetsedwa kwa mchere ndi. Mumadziwika oimira mowa chakumwa "Sauternes" ndi "Barsac" (France).

mawu ochepa A za chakumwa wothwanima

Otchedwa wothwanima vinyo, lomwe lili ndi carbon dioxide, analengedwa ndi luso lapadera. kupangidwa lagawidwa njira 4:

1. Carbonation. Pamene wobala otsika kwambiri zakumwa ntchito oyamba yokumba wa NKHA _2.

2. The njira imene mapeto a nayonso mphamvu yaikulu, mowa si mu mbiya ndi botolo, wotchedwa kumidzi (methode rurale).

3. Ngati kuwonongeka sekondale zinthu organic chimachitika akratoforah (muli wapadera zitsulo), vuto limapezeka pa njira yopanga Sharma.

4. njira chakale - ndondomeko akubwerezedwa nayonso mphamvu kumachitika mu botolo.

Ndi ponena kuti pali magulu awiri wapadera wa wothwanima vinyo ndi wothwanima ngale ofunika. Choyamba muli osachepera kuchuluka carbon dioxide, pamene yotsirizira ndi kuthamanga pang'ono mu botolo ndi otsika Kupeza (7%).

Zomwe mbale bicu

Quality vinyo, chakudya ndi kampani zosangalatsa zabwino - ndi chitsimikizo cha imfa ofunda a phwandolo. Kusankha mabwenzi - payekha, ndi kudziwa chimene mbale pamodzi ndi vinyo, ali nazo zonse.

Tiyenera kuyamba ndi ufulu womwe chakudya, amene ali osavomerezeka kutsatira mowa, kuti zichepetse kukoma kwake. Mwamtheradi sangathe ntchito chakudya ndi vinyo ndi zokhwasula-khwasula, okoma ngati kuti mwawathila viniga.

Mwa malamulo oletsa komanso mtedza. mfundo ndi yakuti ndi kusintha kwa zipatso masamba kukoma adzalephera kulabadira zinthu zina ndi kumwa vinyo.

kuletsa Last imakhudzanso kusuta. Fodya tisiye fungo ndi kukoma chikonga sadzalola kuti athe kuona vinyo.

Ngakhale mitundu yambiri chakudya pali ulamuliro: zovuta kwambiri kukoma bwalolo, kosavuta kumwa vinyo pa kalilole, ndi mosemphanitsa.

Red adza kwa zakudya zokometsera, zipatso, pasta, pitsa, nsomba ndipo zosiyanasiyana tchizi.

kukoma White harmonises mwangwiro ndi nsomba, nyama yamwana wang'ombe, ndi nkhuku mazira.

Mchitidwe vinyo pinki amaonedwa kukhala zokhwasula-khwasula nyama, nsomba ndi ndiwo zochuluka mchere.

Theka-zotsekemera, ndi zotsekemera mitundu ayende ayisikilimu, zipatso ndi chokoleti.

Wothwanima zakumwa, ndicho shampeni - chakumwa wangwiro kutsegula Gala chakudya.

Pomaliza

Ngati pamaso pa "chakumwa Mulungu" inu ogaŵikana woyera, wofiira, wouma ndi mipanda yolimba kwambiri, ndiye tikuyembekeza kuti, zida ndi mfundo nkhaniyi, mwaphunzila, kodi magulu a vinyo, ndipo inu simungakhoze basi kuwerenga ku dzina lokha, koma kuzindikira zosiyanasiyana ndipo njira kupanga.