Carburetor - ndi chiyani ichi? Mfundo ntchito, ntchito

M'nkhaniyi tiphunzira za machitidwe mafuta jekeseni. Carburetor - ichi ndi limagwirira choyamba, amene amalola kulumikiza mu chofunika kufanana mafuta ndi kusakaniza mpweya mafuta pokonza ndi popereka ku chipinda injini kuyaka. zipangizozi ntchito ataliatali ndipo lero - pa njinga zamoto, chainsaws, mowers ndi zina zotero. Izo ziri mwa makampani magalimoto, iwo akhala kuyambira chaposedwa injector jekeseni kachitidwe, zambiri zapamwamba ndi zovuta kuzimvetsa.

Kodi carburettor?

Carburetor - ndi chipangizo kuti zimasakanikirana mafuta ndi mpweya, amatenga osakaniza zinachititsa ndi madyedwe zobwezedwa olimbana kuyaka mkati. carbs oyambirira ntchito monga kulola mpweya kuyenda pamwamba pa mafuta (ngati - petulo). Koma ambiri a iwo anayamba anagawira ndi metered kuchuluka kwa mafuta mu mtsinje mpweya. mpweya Izi umadutsa nozzles lapansi. Pakuti carburetor chikhalidwe mbali izi ndi zofunika kwambiri.

The carburetor wakhala unit zofunikira kusakaniza mafuta ndi mpweya eni kuyaka injini kuti 1980s, pamene Akukaika ndi efficacy a ntchito. Pamene kuyaka kwa mafuta opangidwa mpweya ambiri zoipa. Ngakhale carburetors ankagwiritsa ntchito mu United States, Europe komanso m'mayiko ena otukuka mpaka m'ma 1990s, ankagwira ntchito limodzi ndi kachitidwe zambiri zovuta kudziletsa kukumana ndi zofunika kwa mpweya mpweya woipa.

Mbiri ya chitukuko

losiyanasiyana carburetors yapangidwa ndi chiwerengero cha apainiya makampani galimoto, kuphatikizapo injiniya German Karl Benz, ndi Austria zatsopano Siegfried Marcus, Chingerezi katswiri Frederick W. Lanchester, ndi ena. Chifukwa njira zambiri zosiyana kuphatikiza mpweya ndi mafuta akhala ntchito mu zaka zoyambirira za kukhalapo ndi chitukuko cha galimoto (ndi carburetors poyamba injini petulo n'kupuma amagwiritsidwa ntchito), ndi kovuta kudziwa kwenikweni amene ali zatsopano pogwiritsa chipangizo.

mitundu ya carburetors

mapangidwe oyambirira osiyana njira waukulu ntchito. Iwo amasiyana ano, amene chogwidwa kwambiri zaka mazana makumi awiri. Modern chainsaw carburetor mtundu wa kutsitsi, ndi monga ntchito magalimoto amakono. Woyamba kwambiri, mbiri, titero, yomanga zikhoza kugawidwa mu mitundu ikuluikulu iwiri:

1. Pamwamba-mtundu carburetors.
2. Utsi carburetor.

Taganizirani iwo mwatsatanetsatane ina.

carburettors pamwamba

Onse kapangidwe oyambirira anali padziko carburetor, ngakhale panali zosiyanasiyana kwambiri mu gulu ili. Mwachitsanzo, Zigfrid Markus anayambitsa chinachake amatchedwa "sangathenso burashi-zashuga" mu 1888. Ndipo Frederick Lanchester anayamba carburetor mtundu wake chingwe mu 1897.

Choyamba carburetor zimatengedwa linakonzedwa mu 1885 ndi Wilhelm Maybach ndi Gottlieb Daimler. Karl Benz setifiketi zimatengedwa-mtundu carburetor komanso za nthawi yomweyo. Komabe, mapangidwe oyambirira anali padziko carburetor kuti ntchito ndi kudutsa mlengalenga pamwamba mafuta kuti kusakaniza iwo. Koma n'chifukwa chiyani tiyenera injini carburetor? Popanda analephera chakudya mafuta osakaniza kuti kuyaka (injector m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi sinali kudziwika) selo.

Ambiri a padziko zipangizo opareshoni ndi evaporation yosavuta. Koma panali carbs zina, iwo ankadziwika kuti ndi zipangizo kuti ntchito likuvutika "matuza" (wochedwanso fyuluta carburetors). Iwo amagwira ntchito mwa kukakamiza mlengalenga kusunthira kudzera pansi pa chipinda ndi mafuta. Izi zimachititsa chisakanizo cha mpweya ndi mafuta pa chochuluka mafuta. Ndi osakaniza izi kenako mawere mu zakudya zobwezedwa.

Utsi carburetor

Ngakhale osiyana pamwamba carburettors anali wamphamvu mu zaka zoyambirira za galimoto, kutsitsi carburetor anayamba kutenga ndi kagawo kakang'ono zofunika kwa zaka 19-20th. M'malo modalira evaporation, carburettors amenewa kwenikweni sprayed kuchokera kuchuluka metered wa mafuta mu mlengalenga chimene chakhala mawere mu zakudya mpweya. carburetors Izi zimatengedwa ntchito (monga Maybach ziwembu kale Benz). Koma iwo anachita pa maziko a Bernoulli mfundo ndi Venturi chochita monga zipangizo zamakono monga carburetor K-68.

aerosol wina carburetors subtypes ndi otchedwa kuthamanga carburetor. Choyamba anaonekera mu 1940s ndi. Ngakhale kuthamanga carburetors amafanana aerosol kunja kokha, iwo kwenikweni anali zitsanzo loyambirira la kukakamizidwa zipangizo mafuta jekeseni (injectors). M'malo modalira zotsatira venturi kuti aziyamwa mafuta kuchokera m'chipinda, kuthamanga kwa mafuta sprayed ku valavu carburetor pafupifupi mofanana injectors ano. Carburetors anakhala zovuta kwambiri pa 1980s ndi 1990s.

Kodi "zashuga"?

"Zashuga" - izo ndi mawu English, amene anachokera ku carbure yaitali French - ". Carbide" French carburer kutanthauza "kugwirizanitsa (chinthu) ndi mpweya." Mofananamo, mawu akuti "carburetor" mwaukadaulo amatanthauza "kuwonjezeka mu zili mpweya."

Mofananamo, carburetor ukugwira K 68, zomwe ankagwiritsa ntchito mtundu "Tula" scooters (Patapita "Nyerere"), njinga zamoto "Ural" ndi "Dnepr".

zigawo

mitundu yonse ya carburetors ndi zigawo zosiyana. Koma zipangizo zamakono zili ndi chiwerengero cha makhalidwe wamba, kuphatikizapo:

1. Mpweya ndimeyi (venturi chubu).
2. The fulumizitsa valavu.
3. Solenoid kusakhala ndi chochita.
4. Mofulumira mpope.
5. chipinda cha carburettor (chachikulu, zimatengedwa, ndi zina zotero).
6. The zimatengedwa limagwirira.
7. Nembanemba carburetor kwa kutengerapo mafuta.
8. The kusintha zomangira.

Kodi ndi carburetor?

mitundu yonse ya carburetors ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, chingwe-mtundu carburetors ntchito, kukakamiza mpweya pochitika pamwamba pa wicks mpweya-impregnated. Izi amachititsa evaporation wa petulo mu mlengalenga. Komabe chingwe zipangizo mtundu (ndi pamwamba Mulungu) lotha kuposa zaka zana zapitazo.

carburetors kwambiri kuti ntchito ndi galimoto lero ntchito limagwirira kutsitsi. Iwo onse ntchito njira yomweyo. Modern carburetors ntchito ndi Venturi zotsatira kudzatunga mafuta kuchokera m'chipinda.

Zoyamba za carburetor

Carbs, zomwe ndi zochokera Bernoulli mfundo, ndi zina. kusintha Air kuthamanga ndi zodziwikiratu ndipo mwachindunji amadalira mmene kudya izo ikuyenda. Zimenezi n'zofunika, chifukwa mpweya kudutsa carburetor ndi zizindikiro yopapatiza, constricted venturi. M'pofunika kufulumizitsa mpweya ukamapita izo.

Mpweya (osati osakaniza otaya) kudzera carburetor ndi umalamulidwa ndi accelerator ngo. Iwo amagwirizana ndi fulumizitsa vavu ili mu carburetor, ndi thandizo la chingwe. vavu uno usanatseke ndi venturi pamene accelerator ngo si ntchito, komanso akutsegula pamene ngo ili mbamuikha. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti mpweya ikuyenda mwa venturi lapansi. Choncho, mafuta kwambiri limachokera ku m'chipinda wosakanizira. Mfundo zimenezi ndi zochokera ntchito carburetor.

carburetors Ambiri vavu zina pa venturi ndi (umatchedwa kutsamwa, yomwe imateteza yachiwiri fulumizitsa). The fulumizitsa amakhalabe pang'ono chatsekedwa pamene injini ndi ozizira, amene amachepetsa chiwerengero cha mpweya kuti adutse mu carburettor lapansi. Izi zimachititsa osakaniza wachuma wa mpweya / mafuta chiŵerengero, kotero fulumizitsa adzatseguka (pamanja kapena basi) mwamsanga injini umafunda mmwamba ndipo sipafinikanso kuti osakaniza wolemera.

zigawo zina kachitidwe carburettor amagwiritsidwa anafuna kuchita osakaniza mpweya mafuta pa zinthu zosiyanasiyana opaleshoni. Mwachitsanzo, cardinality vavu kapena ndodo metering achuluke kuchuluka kwa mafuta mu fulumizitsa lotseguka, kapena kumachitika chifukwa chokakamizidwa otsika mu dongosolo zingalowe (kapena leni fulumizitsa udindo). Carburetor - ndi chinthu chovuta ndi maziko thupi la kugwira ntchito ndi zovuta kumvetsa.

mavuto

Ena mavuto carburetors angathe kuthetsedwa ndi kusintha kutseka kuti uchiwo usatuluke mpweya, osakaniza kapena osagwira ntchito, pamene ena amafuna kukonza kapena kusinthanitsa. Nthawi zambiri ankavala carburetor Kakhungu ikutha kutulutsa mafuta mu m'chipinda.

Pamene carburetor sichitha, injini sizigwira ntchito bwino akamaziwononga. Ena machitidwe mavuto carburettor kuyambitsa kulephera kwa injini, izo sizingakhoze bwinobwino kuti kusakhala ndi chochita popanda thandizo (mwachitsanzo, kujambula kapena suction podgazovki zonse). The mavuto ambiri zimachitika pa nyengo yozizira, pamene injini ndi ovuta kwambiri ntchito ndi. carburetor A, amene amagwira ntchito bwino kwa injini ozizira mwina liziyenda bwinobwino pamene kutentha (ichi ndi chifukwa mavuto ndi njira coking).

Tikumbukenso kuti carburetor kwa motoblock mu kapangidwe kake ndi chimodzimodzi galimoto. Kusiyana kwa chiwerengero cha zinthu ndi makulidwe awo. Nthawi zina, vuto carburetor ingathetse pamanja kusintha osakaniza kapena kusakhala ndi chochita liwiro. Chifukwa chaichi osakaniza ambiri anasintha mwa kasinthasintha wa zomangira umodzi kapena kuposerapo. Iwo anakonza mavavu singano. zomangira zimenezi zimathandiza thupi muyike pena valavu singano, ndipo zimenezi zimapangitsa chakuti kuchuluka kwa mafuta angathe kuchepetsedwa (Taphunzira osakaniza) kapena kuchuluka (limayenda osakaniza) zoopseza makamaka.

carburetor kukonza

mavuto ambiri kachitidwe carburetor angathe kuthetsedwa ndi kusintha kapena kuchita yamawangamawanga zina popanda kuchotsa chipangizo kuchokera injini. Kusintha carburettor kwa motoblock, sayenera kuchotsa izo. Koma mavuto ena zingathe kuthetsedwa yekha ndi kuchotsa chipangizo ndi kuchira zake zonse kapena tsankho. Kuchira ntchito carburettor ndi zimatanthauza kuchotsa chipika, kuziphwasula kukhala mbali, ndi cholinga makamaka kukonza ndi zosungunulira kwa cholinga ichi.

zigawo zingapo mkati, zisindikizo ndi madera ena ndiye m'pofunika m'malo pamaso unsembe. Only patapita chithandizo mokwanira m'pofunika anasonkhanitsa carburetor ndi m'malo. Yocheza utumiki quality, muyenera kukonza zida chifukwa carburetor. Pamafunikanso zinthu zonse zofunika kwambiri kapangidwe.

Choncho, ife tapeza kuti carburetor - kwenikweni chipangizo chimene imawonjezera (mafuta) mumlengalenga Nawalanditsa kusakaniza mu chipinda injini kuyaka.