Bowa munda - nzeru zanuzanu

Aliyense malonda ali ngati zasungidwa, zomwe cholinga chake pafupifupi aliyense wa ife. Masiku ano aliyense akufuna kukhala pawokha ndalama komanso kukhala moyo wa ntchito amene ali wa chidwi kwambiri. Chifukwa mukatero ntchitoyi ngati ntchito yakalavula gaga. Pa nkhani imeneyi, zasungidwa bwino akhoza kukhala bizinesi ngati bowa munda.

Pothandizira imeneyi kungapangitse ziwerengero, malinga ndi zomwe wachitatu wa chonse cha anthu padziko m'dera la Russia, wakonda zidzadya bowa. Komabe, ena zimatumizidwa kusaka palokha iwo, koma ambiri a nthawi yopulumutsa kuyendera misika kapena masitolo kumene bowa asonkhanitsa ndipo anawasiya yekha kukatenga Komabe, kwa muyezo winawake. Komanso, kumwa mankhwala amenewa zikuchulukirachulukira chaka chilichonse ndi 20-25%.

Chifukwa kufunika lonse

Kufunika kuwonjezeka kwa bowa chifukwa zifukwa zingapo. Choyamba, ndi Dziwani ndalama zawo otsika poyerekeza ndi nyanja kapena nyama mankhwala. Koma ubwino, zili mchere kwa thupi zakudya, si wochepa ndi mankhwala anatchula.

Chifukwa katundu wambiri zomanga thupi ndi mchere (potaziyamu, phosphorous, sulfure, magnesium, ndi zinthu zina) akhoza kumva ngati ntchito zenizeni ngati kunyumba bowa munda. Oyisitara bowa, bowa, shiitake bowa - izi bowa zonse monga weniweni yosungira thupi lathu.

Tellingly, bowa zouma odzipereka anthu m'njira yabwino, osati watsopano. Ndipo chifukwa kukhalapo mu zikuchokera unsaturated mafuta zidulo pa Mitsempha zimachokeradi madipoziti mchere.

Ubwino ndi kuipa yochitira malonda

Kodi ubwino ndi zinadzala ndi bowa malonda? Choyamba, ndi pang'ono malipiro pansi, zomwe sizikuchitika ndi zonse malonda. Other ubwino waukulu ndi:

• osati nyengo mu chikhalidwe;
• mkulu kuchuluka profitability;
• kufunika likuwonjezekabe pa msika Russian;
• mbewu akhoza kukolola mlungu uliwonse;
• gawo lapansi angagwiritsidwe ntchito katatu.

Komanso tikakhala ndi bowa munda, inu mulibe kucheza kwambiri pa lendi malo.

Mwatsoka, zinthu zimenezi imapezekanso kuipa. Mmodzi wa awa n'zovuta kugulitsa katundu wake kuti chipiku. Ndi kovuta kuti akhalebe mmene ofunikira moyenera bowa.

Kodi kuti akuyendera?

Nthawi zambiri anthu amene akukumana ndi kufunika kutsegula malonda, kufuna zimene n'kukagulitsa kapena zimene zimapereka ntchito. Poganizira, mu nkhani iyi chitsanzo cha bowa munda, pali zigawo zingapo msika imene mankhwala akhoza amaperekedwa mu mawonekedwe zotsatirazi:

• watsopano:
• achisanu;
• zamzitini.

Nthawi zina msika akhoza wodzilemekeza ndi bowa zouma. Monga woyang'anira wamkulu wa bungwe "Sukulu ya bowa" A. V. Hrenov, Russian mwatsopano zokolola msika ladzala ndi 22%; 28% ndi bowa zam'chitini. Otsala 50% - ndi mazira zakudya.

Pothandizira ntchito imeneyi ngati bowa munda azibweretsa ena deta chidwi ndi katundu lalikulu. Back mu 2004 msika zoweta linadzaza ndi bowa mazira ndi 15 zikwi. Matani, ndipo chiwerengero cha mankhwala othandiza anakwana 30 chikwi. Matani. Ngakhale msika akatswiri kuitana manambala ena - matani 60 zikwi .. Ndi gawo ambiri otukuka ali chimodzimodzi atapanga bowa, umene ankafuna zikuchulukirachulukira chaka ndi 30% pa chaka.

Buku okwana kumwa bowa lonse la 2003 analipo pafupifupi 500 ths. Matani, amene ali ofanana ndi ntchito za munthu aliyense payekha makilogalamu osachepera 3 mankhwala. Yerekezerani, mu United States pa munthu nkhani palibe makilogalamu oposa 2.5 bowa. Choncho, zinagwira kuganiza zomwe n'kukagulitsa pa msika.

Pati?

ntchito iliyonse malonda, kuphatikizapo amene amamwa bowa munda chokwanira popanda buku woyenera dongosolo malonda. Uyamiko kwa Iye, mukhoza kusankha magawo zofunika kudzera amene apambane. Mapulani kukula ndi kukhazikitsa winanso wa bowa ingakhale monga angapo masitepe zofunika kwambiri zimene muyenera:

• kugula mbewu;
• akonze gawo lapansi (zopangira);
• mwachindunji kukula bowa;
• kugulitsa katundu.

M'pofunikanso kuthetsa mavuto zida kusankha, ganyu ndodo ndi kuganizira oterewa, nkhani ofunika. Koma tiyeni tipite patsogolo tokha ndi kuyesera kuganizira mtundu uwu wa malonda kuchokera kumbali zonse.

The mbali malamulo a nkhani

Musanayambe kuti kanthu, m'pofunika kuthetsa mbali malamulo a malonda. Popeza bowa ndi chakudya, m'pofunika kuthetsa nkhani zina ndi boma musanayambe ndi bowa munda. bizinesi Pamafunika kudutsa mu ndondomeko ya kulembetsa zochita zawo ndi makonzedwe a deta ofesi yokhomera msonkho. Iwo akhoza kumachita ngati wazamalonda payekha, malinga NACE kachidindo - A.01.12.31. Ndiye muyenera kusankha kachitidwe ka misonkho. Pankhaniyi adzakhala okwanira kusankha msonkho umodzi ulimi.

Kenako muyenera kubwerera mu nyumba ochepa. Pakuti starters, inu mukhoza kupita ku moto Inspectorate kwa chilolezo. Kenako inu kutsimikiza amasokoneza, chomwe ndi n'kofunika kutumiza mtanda wa bowa pa kuwunika. Ngati zonse zimapita bwino, zasayansi amapereka kalata ya khalidwe limene kuyamba bizinesi.

Only akadali zofunika kuti apereke angapo mapepala, mmodzi wa iwo - ndi chiphatso kuti amapereka ufulu kugulitsa bowa. Wina chikalata - kalata phytosanitary. Komanso sakuwupweteka kuti malangizo kwa yosungirako ndi mayendedwe mankhwala.

Kusankha a zipangizo

Chofunika kwambiri malonda chofunikira kusankha zopangira imene bowa ndi mwakula bowa munda. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, mycelium, kapena ntchito, monga limatchedwanso - mycelium. mbewu yaikulu yakuti mukhoza kugula pafupifupi munda aliyense bowa. Komabe, ngati munayamba kale, akhoza kukula lokha.

Pogula otchedwa chilolezo mbewu, poyamba pa zonse, onetsetsani kuti zidazo. Good mycelium osiyana woyera, limatulutsa zosangalatsa bowa fungo ndi ufulu wa Madontho iliyonse. Usachite wabisa kufunsa wogulitsa pamaso pa chiphaso, chimene ayenera kukhala.

The gawo lapansi yachiwiri ndi zofunika zopangira - pa izo ndi bowa kukula. Ndi kupanga nokha. Chifukwa chaichi, zikuchokera akhoza kuwonjezekeredwa udzu (tirigu, rye, balere), fulakesi Kostritsa ndi mapesi chimanga. Ndipo ndi bowa munda anapereka zokolola zambiri, mukhoza kuwonjezera zigawo zikuluzikulu izi:

• utuchi;
• tchipisi;
• khungwa;
• Pansi ndi zonyansa zina zapakhomo.

Kudziletsa kupanga chinthu gawo lapansi chachikulu - kuonetsetsa kuti ntchito zipangizo wochezeka yaiwisi. Apo ayi, mukhoza agonje lalikulu mbewu, ndi khalidwe la bowa chifukwa kukhalapo yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala adzasiya wolakalakika.

Kugula okonzeka gawo lapansi kwa opanga osiyana Musakayikire kuti makilogalamu 10 a zipangizo akhoza kukhala wamkulu 2 makilogalamu bowa. Kumene, ngati zinthu zonse zofunikira kulima awo. Chokhacho choyenera podziwa kuti kuchuluka kwa gawo lapansi ndi wofanana ndi mtengo wa makilogalamu 1 bowa pa mtengo wa chipiku.

Champignons ndi bowa oyisitara

Musanatsegule ntchito yake, m'pofunika kudziwa zenizeni. Nazonso ndi bowa munda, bowa ndi osiyana zofunika wapadera chilengedwe chitukuko. Pakuti gawo lapansi limene bowa ndi wamkulu, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito kachitsotso tirigu. Poyamba ayenera bwinobwino zouma wosweka, ndi ankawaviika madzi. Popeza udzu zimatenga izo mwangwiro, m'pofunika kutenga chiwerengero cha mbali 2.5 zamadzimadzi 1 gawo udzu. Pambuyo pake, mu udzu yonyowa ayenera kuwonjezera manyowa kapena nkhuku manyowa , ndi kusiya kompositi kusasitsa. Kawirikawiri, pamafunika masabata awiri, ndi wapadera muli lokhala ndi mpweya wokwanira ntchito anali mpweya.

kompositi ndi abwino kwa kukula kukolola wachuma wa bowa, ndi bowa oyisitara. Koma chifukwa cha ntchito nthawi yambiri kulenga kwa zapitazi alibe ntchito, chifukwa inu mukhoza kuchita njira chosavuta - gawo lapansi.

chipinda

Fufuzani ndi kusankha malo abwino mbali yofunika kwambiri mu ntchito imeneyi ngati bowa munda, bowa amafuna zinthu mulingo woyenera chitukuko. Kale amalonda Pankhaniyi woyanjidwa kulima zipinda omwe mothandizidwa ndi Nzofunikira microclimate. Choncho ngakhale mlingo wa mpweya okhutira woipa zingasiyane malingana siteji ya chitukuko cha bowa.

Koma novice amalonda n'zotheka kusankha kutentha ndi, anakhetsa kapena chapansi. Malo osankhidwa ayenera akhale okonzeka ndi mpweya ndi Kutentha kachitidwe. kutentha iyenela pafupi 12-16, koma madigiri zosaposa 25. Nkofunikira kuonetsetsa mkulu mlingo wa chinyezi - 80 kapena 90%. Kwa danga ang'ono ndi zosavuta kusamalira, ndi okwanira kuthirira matumba ndi gawo lapansi ndi. Koma ngati mukufuna kupanga zikuluzikulu, izo simungakhoze kuchita popanda conditioners mpweya ndi humidifiers.

Kumangidwa kwa bowa munda akusonyeza pamaso pa malo Kulumikizana ndi madzi mosadodometsedwa. Muyenera kusamalira kuchotsa ubweya wake.

Ponena za kukula, apa ndi bwino kuganizira lonse kupanga. Kuyamba tingasankhe chipinda ndi dera 15 kuti 20 sq. m. Komabe, ngati m'tsogolo ife kukonzekera kukuza kupanga malo muyenera kusankha pasadakhale zikuluzikulu. Izo zikhoza kugulidwa kapena lendi. Izi zidalira pa kukula kwa ndalama koyamba. Ngati muli ndi ndalama zokwanira, ndi bwino kugula basi chipinda, mwinamwake amakhalabe rents.

Kuwonjezera pa ntchito m'dera waukulu mu chipinda m'pofunika kupereka danga kwa yosungirako ndi pasteurization a gawo lapansi ndi. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, bwino kupanga malo mayiko.

zida

Funso zonse malo zimatengera mtundu wa chikhalidwe chidzakula bowa munda. Oyisitara chikutanthauza ndi bowa wodzichepetsa ndi champignons amafuna zinthu zina. Pankhani zipangizo luso, muyenera m'nyimbozo zida mndandanda:

• m'chipinda yozizira;
• humidifiers;
• heaters;
• nthunzi magudumu.

Pamene kukula bowa oyisitara amafunika matumba, pamene iwo chidzakula. Kusonkhanitsa bowa, mungagwiritse ntchito matabwa mabokosi kapena mapulasitiki. Nagula zipangizo, mu udzu Makamaka ayenera kukumana mankhwala matenthedwe. Kuti izi kumapeto, ndipo anagula magudumu nthunzi, imene pali ndondomeko pasteurization. Ngati chipinda sikokwanira zachilengedwe kuwala, m'pofunika kusamalira kupeza nyali fulorosenti.

akulembedwa

Dziwani kuti bowa famu Russia amafuna ndodo, ngati wina wabizinesi kupirira malonda amenewa, ziribe kanthu momwe iye anayesera. Ndipo kotero kuti chuma cha mlanduwu kuti apewe zomvetsa muyenera kuganizira za wolembedwa ntchito yakulipidwa antchito.

amafuna wapadera kwa ogwira tsogolo kumeneko, kuyambira mu dziko lathu si kuphunzitsidwanso maziko gribovedeniya. Chinthu chokha pamene wolembedwa ntchito yakulipidwa ogwira ntchito - ndi kuti ali ndi buku thanzi. Monga ntchito ina iliyonse, pa mbali ya anthu ofuna kulandira pakalibe zizolowezi zoipa, kukhulupirika, kuona mtima. Inu angafune katswiri limeneli, kokha malipiro adzakhala apamwamba kuposa zachibadwa. Pamene njira, kupereka kuchuluka kwa malonda a bowa.

Ndi anthu angati ntchito ulimi zimadalira buku la mankhwala kuwetedwa. Ngati buku anakonza zikutanthauza kukula kwa makilogalamu 50-100 bowa patsiku, ndiye anthu awiri mwangwiro kupirira ntchito. Ngati buku ali wamkulu - 200-300 makilogalamu tsiku, ndodo ayenera ziwonjezeke kwa anthu 3 kapena 4.

Koma anthu awa adzagwira ntchito mwachindunji ndi bowa. Choncho, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito antchito awiri kapena munthu wina kuti gawo lapansi preform. Wina kuthana ndi mavuto malonda. Ngati abwana kanthu za nkhani zachuma, m'pofunika kutenga akauntanti ntchito.

kugulitsa katundu

Polemba dongosolo ntchito n'kofunika m'nyimbozo item malonda bowa. ogula Main tingawapeze pakati:

• amagulako;
• misika;
• yogulitsa makasitomala;
• masitolo;
• odyera ndi cafeterias.

Ku mawonedwe kukhazikitsa mulingo woyenera, chidwi kwambiri ndi ogula choposa chimenechi. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti agulitse magulu lalikulu la mankhwala, amene amakhudza zabwino kukula ndalama.

Koma ndi bwino kuganizira kuti mtengo wa chipiku pa mtengo pansipa-msika wa bowa. Koma, nthawi yomweyo, ngozi za kuwonongeka mankhwala ali kwambiri yafupika. A pang'ono kuti kuchepetsa ndalama zoyendera maofesi kupanga bowa ayenera udzakhazikitsidwe umakhala pafupi kwambiri ndi mzindawo.

mawerengedwe a profitability

Mbali chuma cha dongosolo, zomwe zikuphatikizapo ndalama ndi ndalama mwina, ayenera kuperekedwa. Zinthu zotsatirazi adzakhala m'gulu ndalama:

• The lendi - kuchokera 12 mpaka 13 RUR / mwezi ...
• mtengo wa zipangizo - pafupifupi 80 zikwi rubles ..
• Malipiro a ogwira ntchito - 35 zikwi rubles / mwezi ...
• ngongole Kagwiritsidwe - kuchokera rubles 9 10 zikwi ..
• Mayendedwe a zipangizo ndi mankhwala yomalizidwa - kuchokera rubles 16 17 zikwi ..

Ntchito phindu, ngati inu kuchotsera zipangizo bowa munda ndi ndalama kutchulidwa adzakhala zopanda 300 zikwi. Opaka. mu mwezi watha. Mogwirizana amalipiritsa kamodzi kukhazikitsa shopu, bizinesi payback amatenga miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.