Boston mpikisano 2013: mfundo ndi zotsatira

Boston mpikisano - pachaka maseŵera, kutenga malo mmizinda ku Massachusetts. Izo nthawizonse umachitika mu Tsiku Patriot (Tsiku dziko lawo '), pa Lolemba wachitatu wa April. Mpikisano woyamba unachitika mu 1897. Iye anauziridwa ndi kupambana mpikisano woyamba pa Chilimwe Olympic mu 1896. Boston mpikisano - wamkulu pachaka mtundu, chomwenso ndi chimodzi cha wotchuka kwambiri mu dziko.

Mpikisano amakopeka kuzungulira 500,000 oonera, Kudzaupanga wotchuka kwambiri maseŵera ku New England. Ngakhale 1897 mpikisano panafika anthu okwana 18 mpikisanowo, iye tsopano ali pa avareji za 30 000 ophunzira m'kaundula. Ufulu Boston mpikisano mu 1996 linali kawundula chiwerengero cha ophunzira: 38708 zalembedwa pa iye kuti agwirizane mtundu, anthu 36.748 anatenga loyambira ndi 35868 anabwera pamzere womaliza.

nkhani

Woyamba mpikisano Boston unapangidwa bungwe mu April 1897, anauziridwa ndi chitsitsimutso cha mtundu pa Chilimwe Olympic mu 1896 ku Athens. Iye ndi wamkulu mosalekeza ntchito ndi Utali wa wachiwiri North America.

chochitika ndi anapima kuti chikondwerero cha Tsiku la dziko lawo (Tsiku dziko lawo ') ndipo ukuyimira kugwirizana omenyana ku Atene ndi American ufulu. Wopambana woyamba anali Dzhon Makdermott, kuthamanga mtunda wa makilomita 24,5 mu 2:55:10. Mtundu, amene anali kudziŵika kuti mpikisano Boston, wakhala umachitika chaka chilichonse. Mu 1924, chiyambi anagwidwa Hopkinton, ndi lengthened njira kwa mailosi 26 385 mayadi (42.195 km). Izi zachitika kukumana amaika pa masewero a Olympic a m'chaka cha 1908 mfundo codified IAAF mu 1921.

Poyamba, Boston mpikisano anali chochitika m'deralo, koma chifukwa kutchuka kwake ndi kutchuka, anayamba kukopa othamanga padziko lonse. Pa mbiri yake, chochitika anali mwamtheradi si kupeza phindu, ndi mphoto okha mpikisano anali nkhata nsalu nthambi za mtengo wa azitona. Maulalo mphatso kupereka kokha inayamba mu 1980s, pambuyo Akatswiri ayamba chokana kuchita nawo mpikisano popanda mphoto yaikulu. mphoto yoyamba chifukwa athana mpikisano analandiridwa mu 1986.

Pomenyera ufulu akazi nawo mpikisano wa

Akazi saloledwa nawo mwalamulo mu mpikisano Boston mpaka 1972. Robert Gibb, monga mwa okonza chochitika, ndi mkazi woyamba kuthamanga zonse mpikisano mtunda wa zonse (1966). Mu 1967, Ketrin Svittser mayina monga "K. V. Svittser", anakhala mkazi woyamba kupyola ku mapeto ndi chiwerengero cha boma cha ophunzira a. Iye anakwanitsa kufika kumapeto, ngakhale chochitikacho inadziwika paliponse, imene nthumwi ya utsogoleli wa mpikisano wa Jock Semple anayesa kunyenga chipinda ndipo sanalole ake kuthawa. Mu 1996, akazi nawo mwamwayi mpikisano kuchokera 1966 mpaka 1971, ndipo oyamba zafika kumapeto, anali retroactively kuboma akatswiri. Mu 2015, pafupifupi 46% ya ophunzira anali wamkazi.

Yochititsa manyazi ndi Rozi Ruis

Zosokoneza zinachitika pa mpikisano Boston mu 1980, pamene wothamanga amakonda Rosie Ruiz anatuluka paliponse ndipo anapambana mpikisano pakati pa akazi. Oimira utsogoleli wa mpikisano anakhala Muzisamala atazindikira kuti Ruiz sangathe kuona mavidiyo a mtundu pafupifupi kumapeto. kufufuza wotsatira anasonyeza kuti ambiri a Ruiz zochitika anamuphonya, ndipo pafupifupi kilomita (1.6 km) mpaka pa mapeto, ndi kusakaniza ndi khamu mosavuta mpikisano outstripped. Oweruza mwalamulo otayika Rosie. Boston mpikisano mu 1980, motero, anapambana wothamanga Canada Zhaklin Garo.

ngozi

Mu 1905, James Edward Brooks ku North Adams ku Massachusetts anafa ndi chibayo chakachi onse anathawa mpikisano, osati kunyumba. Mu 1996, munthu 62 wazaka ku Sweden, anamwalira ndi matenda a mtima. Mu 2002, 28 wazaka Sintiya Lusero anafa hyponatremia.

Boston mpikisano 2013

Pa mpikisano mu 2013, April 15, pa 14:49 m'dera nthawi, pambuyo maola oposa awiri pambuyo opambana atalumpha mzere pa Boylston Street, pafupifupi 200 meters pamaso pa mzere mapeto, panali mabomba awiri, mtunda wa pakati pawo chinali mamita 180.

Lipenga anapha anthu atatu ndi kuvulaza anthu osachepera 144, amene 17 anavulala kwambiri. Pakati pa akufa anali zaka zisanu ndi zitatu mnyamata. Palibe gulu la zigawenga ali ankanena udindo mabomba. Panapita pa Bureau Federal of Investigation (FBI) ndi chithunzi cha akuwakayikira awiri analandiridwa posachedwapa.

Usiku, April 18 mu shootout mu Cambridge pafupi Massachusetts Institute of Technology, anaphedwa ndi wapolisi, anayamba opareshoni andigwire ndi akuwakayikira awiri, abale Tamerlan ndi Dzhokhar Tsarnaevyh. The wamkulu wa iwo, Tamerlan, anamwalira m'chipatala m'mawa pa April 19. okhala pafupi anauzidwa kukhala mkati nyumba zawo ndi zitseko zokhoma. mathiransipoti ku Boston chinatsekedwa pansi, kuphatikizapo njirazo yaikulu kwambiri m'chigawo cha Massachusetts Bay Mtengatenga Authority ndi Amtrak njanji kampani; Iwo anali sukulu chatsekedwa ndi mayunivesite, komanso mabizinezi ambiri. Ziwalo ufulu wa anthu motsogozedwa ndi apolisi boma anaukira mzinda wa Watertown, 19 April, pa 8:45 Dzhokhar Tsarnaev anamangidwa.

Boston mpikisano 2013, inaphulika chimene chinapangitsa imfa ya mnyamata 8 wazaka ndi mkazi wazaka 29 zakubadwa (onse okhala mumzinda wa Boston), komanso wophunzira 23 wazaka ku China, ndi ngozi yaikulu kutukuka dziko lonse. Pakati pa Avulala anali mayi ndi mlongo wake wa mwanayo anamwalira.

The Zigawenga pa mpikisano wa

Zikuphulika mabomba awiri pa intervals wa masekondi 15 zinalengedwa pafupi Copley Square Boston. Chifukwa cha uchigawenga wapha anthu atatu ndi kuvulaza oposa zana la osiyanasiyana mwamphamvu. opambana atalumpha mzere pafupi maora awiri pamaso kuphulika, koma pali zinkatiyendera othamanga amene anathawa kokha mpaka kumapeto kwa mpikisano Boston.

kumuukira Tinadabwa kuti aliyense: kuukira zingasokoneze ku zigawenga zalembedwa.

Mabomba anali choyimira kuti iwo akanakhoza mosavuta kutenga malangizo kuchokera Internet kapena lina lililonse. The zachiwawa anali mkati zisanu ndi lita cookers kuthamanga, amene anali atabisala mu nayiloni chikwama.

Kuwombera, kuthamangitsa ndi kumangidwa

Atangochoka zithunzi zinasindikizidwa, panali skirmish pafupi wa Institute of Technology Massachusetts, pafupi ndi nyumba 32 (Stata Center). Izi zinachitika pa April 18 pa maola 22 Mphindi 48 m'dera nthawi (02:48 UTC). akatemera angapo zidalengedwa. The zipolopolo kugunda wapolisi atakhala mu galimoto yolondera. Anamutengera Massachusetts General Hospital, ndipo patapita kanthawi, madokotala konstantirovali imfa. Shon Kollier anaitana apolisi, iye anali ndi zaka 26, iye anabadwa mu Somerville, Massachusetts, ndi kugwira ntchito mu dipatimenti apolisi wa Institute of Technology Massachusetts.

Tsarnaev banja analanda siliva Mercedes SUV mu Cambridge ndi anakakamizika kuti mupewe mwini ATM $ 800. Kutenga ndalama, iwo makina khamu. akuwakayikira anamuuza kuti ikuchitikira udindo bomba pa mpikisano Boston. Apolisi kunachokera galimoto ku mzinda wa Watertown, Massachusetts. yazamalamulo akuluakulu Watertown lipoti maulendo angapo ndipo skirmishes, imene abva mabomba. Tsiku lomwelo, nyuzipepala ya Boston Globe inanena kuti shootout anatenga gawo anthu amene ankafuna kuukira pa mpikisano wa. gunfight A ndi apolisi ndi kuphulika kwa mabomba anaponyedwa ndi zigawenga anaonerera okhala Watertown. Mmodzi wa abale chinagwidwa koma wachiwiri anathawa mu kubedwa SUV. Mu shootout, iye anali kwambiri anavulazidwa 33 wazaka magalimoto wapolisi Massachusetts Bay dzina lake Richard H. Donahue Jr. Mwamwayi, bala sanali amapha.

M'mawa wa pa April 19, galimoto kuwathamangitsa ndipo shootout ndi apolisi, mmodzi wa akuwakayikira ndi, Tamerlan Tsarnaev, iye anatengedwera ku Medical Center Beth Izreyel, kumene anakafa mabala angapo gunshot ndi kuvulala bwinobwino kuphulikako. The FBI anamasulidwa zithunzi za akuwakayikira awiri mu zochitika Watertown. M'bale chachiwiri, Dzhokhar, amene nthawi zina limatchedwa "akuganiza mu chipewa choyera," malinga ndi apolisi akadali pa lalikulu. Akuluakulu kuti abale anaponyedwa kunja kwa galimoto lake kunyumba zopangidwa bomba mu apolisi amene anathamangitsa iwo ku Cambridge kuti Watertown.

Mu 2015, mmodzi wa perpetrators kuphulika ndi, Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, anapezeka wolakwa pa udindo 30 ndi chilango cha imfa.

kukumbukiridwa

April 18 pa Boston Catholic Cathedral wa Cross Woyera unachitikira kulambira mwambo amene anakhudzidwa ndi uchigawenga. Iye anachita Pulezidenti Barack Obama ndi ena anamenyela wa mpikisano Boston.

Zosokoneza doping mu mpikisano 2014

The katswiri wothamanga chaka chino, Kenyan Rita Dzheptu anabwera pamzere womaliza woyamba mwa akazi. Komabe, otayika pambuyo oimira World Anti-Doping Agency analengeza kuti mayesero ake zinthu yoletsedwa anasonyeza zabwino. Mlandu ngati adali mu January 2015.

Boston mpikisano 2016

Mu 2016, American Jami Marseille anakhala woyamba wafika kumapeto kwa Boston mpikisano mkazi amene miyendo onse yonse. Kutsogolera mwambowo anali Bobbi Gibb, yemweyo amene anathamanga mpikisano zaka 50 zapitazo, mu 1966. Wopambana wa akazi 2016, ku Aitiopiya wothamanga atsede baysa, Bobbi Gibb anapereka mphoto yake. Iye anavomera kulandira icho pa chikhalidwe chimenecho mkati mwa chaka chimodzi iye akubwera ku Ethiopia ndi kubwerera mwini yovomerezeka chikho.