Bone densitometry ndi kufooka kwa mafupa - mwayi wina kuti tipeze pasadakhale za matendawa

Kufooka kwa mafupa - kudwala, limene mafupa kutaya calcium, potero anakhala Chimaona. Ngati pali ang'ono zoopsa chinthu iwo akhoza deform kapena kusiya. Molakwa kuti matenda amapezeka anthu amene matupi ali ndi kuchuluka kuchepa wa calcium. Izi siziri zoona. Kufooka kwa mafupa akufotokozera ngakhale ndi owonjezera kufufuza zinthu mu chakudya. Chifukwa chinawonjezeka fragility fupa osakwanira mayamwidwe mafupa kashiamu kapena "washout".

The etiology cha kufooka kwa mafupa

osalimba a fupa zimadalira kuchuluka kwa timadzi kugonana. Mu amuna, testosterone kuposa akazi, choncho mafupa awo ali thicker kwambiri ndi wamphamvu. Chifukwa, kufooka kwa mafupa kawirikawiri anapezeka pa akazi, makamaka kusamba, chifukwa pa nthawi imeneyo mlingo wa mahomoni yafupika kwambiri.

Mwa zifukwa zina, tisaiwale hypodynamia kufooka kwa mafupa, kusowa kwa vitamini D, kumwa vinyo, kusuta, pamaso pa matenda aakulu (shuga, zotupa chithokomiro, matenda aakulu chiwindi ndi impso).

Kodi kuzindikira kufooka kwa mafupa?

Ngati munthuyo anena kutopa ndi fupa ululu, kusintha kaimidwe ndi gait, tsitsi imfa ndi kuwonongeka kwa mano, komanso fractures pafupipafupi, izo tikulimbikitsidwa kuti densitometry. Ichi ndi mayeso mwamsanga ndipo sabweretsa chisoni mwamtheradi kuti amalola kumasulila ndi kuyeza kukhala ndi mafupa osalimba ndipo zili mchere kukhazikitsa ndi kuunikira chiopsezo fractures. Izi ndi yovuta kwambiri mosamala njira matenda oyambirira kufooka kwa mafupa.

Akamanena za densitometry ndi candling fupa wosaoneka X-ray. Pankhaniyi, ntchito mlingo wochepa wa ionizing cheza anapulumutsa mu mawonekedwe a utuluke mphamvu ziwiri, amene amalola kuti kudya ndi zolondola anayendera.

Iwo ananena kuti fupa densitometry yodziwika ndi cheza mlingo, amene yafupika yochepa (ndi zosakwana 1/10 a mlingo odwala tinasonkhanitsa pa muyezo radiography chifuwa).

Kodi densitometry

Zikuonetsa kuti kafukufuku ameneyu ndi limati zotsatirazi:

• oyambirira kusintha kapena kusintha, lomwe limapezeka mu akazi awa kutha kusamba;
• pamaso pa kulephera aimpso;
• aakulu chiwindi matenda;
• yaitali mankhwala ndi glucocorticoids;
• michere malabsorption syndrome, imbaenda akusowa kashiamu;
• fupa densitometry ndi ankachititsanso pamaso pa nyamakazi, hyperparathyroidism ndi hyperadrenocorticism komanso hypothyroidism ndi shuga.

Ngati pali fractures kupwetekedwa zazing'ono, kumakhalanso limasonyeza kuti kafukufukuyu. Akukhulupirira kuti kuphwanya umphumphu wa fupa kufooka kwa mafupa amachepetsa moyo amayembekezeka odwala kuposa khansa, kotero kudziwika yake ya matenda ndi zofunika kwambiri. Tikumbukenso kuti zina chionetsero anatengera mawonekedwe a kudwala izi.

Bone densitometry: Ofunika

Pali njira zosiyanasiyana kupeza kufooka kwa mafupa, koma ntchito zawo bwinobwino. Choncho, zosintha osiyanasiyana Kujambula mtengo, kachulukidwe yopangidwa tomography amapereka mkulu mlingo wa poizoni kuphunzira akalozera zogwirizana amuzolengedwa a kagayidwe fupa yodziwika ndi yofanana kwambiri deta zolimbana ndi wodwala akumva kusapeza pamene mafupa biopsy. Kodi matenda a kufooka kwa mafupa, densitometry ndi njira otchuka.

Ntchito njira zitatu zikuluzikulu kuti yapangidwa mwachindunji kudziwika matenda:

• X-ray absorptiometry;
• Ultrasound densitometry;
• zotumphukira yopangidwa tomography (ali drawback kwambiri - salola kuti aone mkhalidwe wa ofananira mafupa mafupa).

Pakuti mwanzeru njira kafukufuku ndipo ziyenera olondola zotsatira kuganizira peculiarities maonekedwe matenda. Komanso n'komwe ndi zogwirizana i matenda.

Mfundo za kufufuza zotsatira densitometry

Kufotokoza deta kafukufuku analandira pambuyo akuti "osteopenia" kapena ntchito "kufooka kwa mafupa". Iwo ayenera kukhala monga matenda ovutika koma monga chizindikiro kuti akhoza ayende chotupa aliyense chigoba ndi kucheperachepera osalimba. Tikumbukenso kuti fupa densitometry si ikuchitika kwa matenda molondola ndi kuzindikira odwala pa chiopsezo wovulala.

Ndi zida mapulogalamu (densitometer) akuyerekeza zotsatira analandira ndi Nawonso achichepere anasankhidwa ndi kusiyana ndi powerengera. Anatsimikiza ndi nambala ya zolakwika muyezo umene lili ndi dzina la T-mayeso (ntchito mafanizo ndi achinyamata za kugonana chomwecho monga wodwala) kapena Z-mayeso (kuyerekezera, amatenga gulu la anthu amsinkhu yoyenera, kugonana ndi kulemera).

Ngati T-mayeso si kuposa 2,5 Sd, izi limafanana osteopenia, ngati zotsatira pansipa chithunzi ichi, mmodzi ayankhula za kufooka kwa mafupa. makhalidwe amenewa amaonedwa "pakhomo." Izi ziyenera kuonedwa ndi kutanthauzira olondola zotsatira densitometry.

X-ray densitometry

Mwaukadaulo, mothandizidwa ndi X-ray walitsa akhoza kufufuza kwambiri mafupa. Zambiri imachitikira msana densitometry (msana wake lumbosacral) ndi m'chiuno, kumene ambiri osauka fractures kuti kufooka kwa mafupa. Komanso kudziwa osalimba a fupa minofu ntchafu ndi mkono densitometry kapena amathera thupi lonse. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti tione zili mchere kumalo amene asankhidwa thupi kapena thupi lonse.

M'mbuyomu ingatithandize kuzindikira mafupa ndi mchere zili mankhwala ntchito absorptiometry isotope njira, mfundo ya chomwe kuvumbula ndi Popanga madzi a gamma tinthu ndi mumayesto mlingo wa mayamwidwe awo. An sangathe zofunika umenewu kafukufuku ndi chidwi cheza kukhudzana. Kenako anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito ziwiri fotoni x-ray absorptiometry, omwe anali tcheru kwambiri ndi zochepa zoipa odwala. Pakali pano, zikhoza kukuthandizani kuzindikira% okha 2-3 cha imfa fupa, kotero kafukufuku ameneyu akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuphimba akazi kusamba kwa kuzindikira mwamsanga kufooka kwa mafupa.

ultrasound densitometry

mtundu wa kafukufuku wochititsidwa kuwunika mphamvu fupa. Izi amaganizira osalimba, microstructure ndi elasticity, komanso makulidwe a wosanjikiza yokhudza kotekisi. An ntchito yofunika kwambiri ngati kafukufuku - kusapezeka cheza kukhudzana. Poona ngozi njirayi, izo Mungathe kubwereza popanda malamulo alionse.

Izo ziyenera anati zimenezi densitometry zachokera mphamvu ya mafunde akupanga kufalitsa pamodzi pamwamba pa fupa, kapena zotayana mu minofu fupa. Pankhaniyi, n'zotheka kudziwa elasticity, kachulukidwe ndi stiffness fupa.

Tikumbukenso kuti akupanga fupa densitometry ntchito kokha kufufuza za mafupa zotumphukira. Nthawi zambiri, njira imeneyi kuphunzira chidendene tibia, patella, kapena phalanges. Ambiri mwa zipangizo kudziwa liwiro la akupanga kafalitsidwe kapena attenuation, zimene zikusonyeza osati pa mafupa, komanso kupezeka kwa yaying'ono kapena trabecular.

Pomaliza

Kaya kufooka kwa mafupa mankhwala (mu mawonekedwe a chizindikiro kapena matenda), densitometry zimathandiza kudziwa chiopsezo wovulala. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kusankha malo kafukufuku n'chofunika kwambiri, chifukwa machulukidwe a mineralized fupa kapena sangakhale chimodzimodzi kwa mafupa lonse.

Kuti zinthu mwanzeru, muyenera kudziwa chito izi:

• trabecular mankhwala amakhudzidwa syndrome azimayi amsinkhu umenewu amakumana kapena hypogonadal steroid vutoli;
• kuwonongeka ŵakwenera kuti yokhudza kotekisi fupa zimawonedwa mu senile, hyperthyroid, ashuga kufooka kwa mafupa;
• ngati wodwalayo ali wamng'ono kapena unyamata akufotokozera matenda amene zina ndi kukula kwa mafupa mafupa ndi matenda ndi zilema zokhudza zonse. Iwo limodzi ndi kuwonongeka kwa zigawo zonse fupa.

Muyenera kudziwa kuti pali makhalidwe a "kufalitsa" kufooka kwa mafupa a mafupa ofananira m'madera ake zotumphukira, kotero muyenera choyamba tikambirane vertebrae kwa matenda oyambirira. Free densitometry, mwatsoka osowa, kuyambira kafukufukuyu nthawi kuchitikira m'zipatala paokha ndipo amafuna zipangizo zoyenerera.