Barberry chitsamba: kufotokoza, kubzala ndi kusamalira

Chokongoletsera chokongoletsera - barberry - chimapanga chiwembu chanu chachinsinsi ndi zamatsenga kuchokera ku kasupe pamene maluwa ake achikasu amakula ndi fungo losasunthika, mpaka kumapeto kwa autumn, pamene mabasiketi ofiira ofiira owala amakhala osakanikirana ndi masamba a lalanje. Ndipo ngati inu muwonjezera pa izi, ndi mankhwala apamwamba, ndiye mutenge bar bar bar - funso likhazikitsidwa. Kusamalira chomera ichi ndi chosavuta, ndipo thanthwe liri lokongola kwambiri.

Kufotokozera za chomera

Dzina la chokongoletsera ichi choyambirira chinachokera ku Arabic beriberi, kutanthauza - chipolopolo. Maluwa a maluwa amamukumbutsa. Zimasiyanitsidwa ndi nthambi, minga ndi makungwa a mtundu wofiirira wobiriwira barberry. Ukulu wa chitsamba ukhoza kufika kutalika kwa 3.5 mamita. Rhizomes - kulumpha, zokwawa. Akuwombera ndi nkhope - molunjika, wachikasu, kenako adzasanduka imvi. Chofupikitsa chimachokera ku masamba amaoneka masamba mpaka 4 cm yaitali, woonda, elliptical kapena obovate. Mphukira yotalika imakula kuyambira atatu mpaka asanu mpaka kufika 2 cm m'litali.

M'chaka, kumapeto kwa mwezi wa April ndi kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May, maluwa okongola a chikasu amapezeka pammera. Chiwerengero cha iwo chikhoza kufika mpaka zidutswa 25. Pofika kumapeto kwa September, fruiting zofiira kapena zofiirira zipatso za mtundu wa oblong. Barberry ali ndi mbewu mpaka 7 mm kutalika, yopapatiza ndi kukongoletsedwa mmwamba mwake.

Kufalitsa komanso zachilengedwe

Kalekale, mabulosi amkuwa amapezeka ku Ulaya, Caucasus ndi Near East. Iye ankakonda malo okongola a nkhalango ndi kuwala kokwanira ndi nthaka youma. Mutha kumakomana naye m'mapiri, pamtunda wa makilomita awiri. Kodi chitsamba cha barberry chimakula bwanji kuthengo? Chomeracho chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyana kwambiri. Masiku ano, chifukwa chakuti pali mitundu yambiri ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana, shrub yokongoletsera ya barberry sichipezeka kupatula ku Arctic kapena Antarctica.

Zothandiza

Kuwonjezera pa yakucha zipatso, ziwalo zina za zomera muli alkaloid berberine. Mu mizu palinso zina zotchedwa alkaloids: hydroxyacanthine, yatrorricin, palmatin, columbamin. Mu khungwa pali tanins zambiri ndi zonunkhira zamadzimadzi, masamba ali ndi vitamini K. Zipatso zili ndi carotenoids - lutein, flavoxanthin, xanthophyll, ndi zina, komanso shuga, malic acid, pectins.

Ngakhale ku Rus Rus, mizimu, nthambi ndi makungwa ankaumirira pa mowa kuti athetse kutuluka kwa magazi ku mabala ndi kuchotsa kutupa. Barberry ndi mankhwala othandiza kwambiri, omwe ali ndi mphatso zachilengedwe, omwe amachizidwa ndi chimfine chosiyanasiyana. Kulowetsedwa kwa zipatso kunalimbikitsa chitetezo chokwanira, kunathandiza chiwindi. Ndipo ku Roma wakale, amakhulupirira kuti barberry amabweretsa chimwemwe ndi mwayi, kotero iye amatetezedwa mwa njira iliyonse.

Masiku ano mankhwala ovomerezeka, tincture mowa kuchokera masamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mazira kuti athetse uterine magazi ndikuletsa njira zotupa. Berberine amachititsa vuto lalikulu la chiwindi ndi ndulu. Kudyetsedwa kwa madzi kwa zipatso kumathandizidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa malungo, chifukwa cha katundu wamphamvu wa diaphoretic. Ndi rheumatism, imachepetsa ululu.

Ntchito ya barberry

Ntchito yowonjezereka kwambiri inapezeka mu zipatso pokonzekera chakudya: zakumwa ndi zakumwa za zipatso, jams ndi jellies. Ndipo onjezerani ufa kuchokera ku zouma zouma mu msuzi kupita ku nyama, ndipo achibale anu chifukwa cha makutu sadzakokedwa ku mbale. Ku Middle Asia, pilaf sichiphikidwa popanda barberry, ndipo anthu a ku Caucasus amawonjezeranso kuwopsa.

Chifukwa cha wowawasa kukoma barberry amatha kusintha vinyo wosasa. Ndipo zipatso zosapsa zowonongeka zimatha kusinthanitsa bwino ndi zotengera. Tincture ndi decoction mu zamatenda mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati hemostatic kwa mabala osiyanasiyana nyama.

Barberry ndi mimba

Mwamwayi, ndi zinthu zosangalatsa, muyenera kusiya kudya zipatso zonse ndi ma tinctures osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa cha alkaloid yomwe ili mu chomera, kutaya pathupi n'kotheka. Komanso, ali ndi amayi apakati, zipatso zimatha kupangitsa kupanga magazi.

Komabe, pang'ono msuzi wophika nyama ndi barberry wokhutira sikungapweteke, kotero ngati mukufunadi, idyani bwino. Musaiwale kuti zonse ziyenera kukhala zochepa.

Kodi ndikuti mungabzala bwanji barberry

Kubzala chitsamba barberry kumayamba ndi kusankha malo. Chomerachi chimakonda malo otseguka, okonzedwa ndi dzuwa. Ndipo chifukwa cha mitundu ya ku Central Asia, muyenera kusankha malo kuti pasakhale zida. Zofunikira pa nthaka ya barberry zitsamba zikutsatira izi: loams kapena bwino zouma dothi, chifukwa chomera sichikonda madzi.

Kubzala barberry kumtunda pa zomwe adapatsidwa kuti azikula kukuchitika kumapeto kwa masika, isanayambe kuphuka, koma n'zotheka kubzala mu autumn, pamene masamba ayamba kutha. Musanapite m'dzenje, onjezerani chisakanizo cha humus, dziko ndi mchenga (mofanana). Kuzama kuyenera kukhala 25-30 masentimita kwa mbande za zaka 2-3 ndi 40-50 kwa zisanu ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri. Ngati mukufuna kukonza linga, muyenera kubzala baka mu ngalande. Ngati m'deralo nthaka imakhala yowonjezereka, mwachitsanzo, peat, ndiye pansi pa tchire, 200 magalamu a phulusa, laimu kapena ufa wa dolomite - ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mwa feteleza, 100 g ya superphosphate idzafunika.

Momwe mungasamalire chitsamba cha barberry

Ngati munabzala baka barberry, kuwasamalira sikungakhale kovuta. Ngati malo odzalawo asankhidwa bwino, ndipo nthaka idaperekedwa bwino, ndiye mizu idzakhala yathanzi komanso ikhoza kupuma. Nthawi zina mumayenera kumasula nthaka ndikuyeretsa namsongole.

Mu kasupe, kumayambiriro kwa nyengo kapena mwamsanga mutatha maluwa, muyenera kudula barberry. Kukonzekera kumachitika pachaka. Izi ndizopanga korona wokongola ndikuchotsa mphukira zofooka ndi matenda. Ndipo musaiwale za lakuthwa minga ya barberry pa chisamaliro. Chaka chotsatira mutabzala m'chaka, muyenera kudyetsa barberry ndi nitrogen feteleza. Kukula kwa chitsamba ndi chiwombankhanga chake chidzayamikira chisamaliro choterocho. Muyenera kubwereza kudyetsa zaka zitatu zilizonse.

Njira zazikulu zoberekera barberry

Pali njira zinayi zazikulu zowonjezera mu barberry wanu: kudula chitsamba, kubzala ndi zigawo, cuttings za chilimwe ndi mbewu.

• Mbewu imayenera kubzalidwa m'dzinja. Finyani zipatso zatsopano, nadzatsuka ndi madzi ndikuuma. Ayike pamtunda wa masentimita osachepera umodzi. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yotayika panthawi imodzimodzi, ndipo malo otsetsereka ayenera kutenthedwa ndi dzuwa. Pofika m'chilimwe chomeracho chidzakondweretsa iwe ndi mphukira zabwino. Koma ndibwino kuti ndikasendeze barberry chitsamba pambuyo pa chaka.
• Chomerachi chimabereka mosavuta pogwiritsa ntchito zipatso za m'chilimwe. Awonetseni ndalama zanu m'nthaka mu June, ndipo muzaka zingapo mudzakhala ndi zokwanira kuti mubzalidwe.
• Kusiyana kwa chitsamba ndi njira ina yoberekera. Pachifukwa ichi, chitsamba chachikulu chikufufuzidwa mosamala kuti asawononge mizu, ndi kudula m'magawo angapo. Ngati mizu yaying'ono kwambiri, imangothamangitsidwa ndipo ziwalo zomwe zimapezeka zimabzalidwa m'mitsitsi yatsopano, kuziwombera kwambiri asanadzalemo.
• Kujambula kumapangidwa mu kasupe kuyambira nthambi zazing'ono komanso zathanzi. Pakati pa chitsamba chamtchire muli mzere, m'magulu omwe amasankhidwa. Kumeneko iwo amaikidwa ndi kutsanuliridwa ndi dziko lapansi kuti pakhale chotsalira chimodzi chokha. Nthawi yonseyi imathiriridwa bwino, ndipo m'dzinja mumakhala okonzeka kulima.

Tizilombo ndi matenda

Ngakhale kukongoletsa chitsamba barberry kwambiri kugonjetsedwa kwa onse fungal matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, komanso iwo. Nthenda yotchedwa Anthracnose ndi powdery mildew imapezeka nthawi zambiri kuchokera ku zilonda za fungal. Pachiyambi choyamba, matendawa amaoneka ngati mawanga obiriwira pamasamba, mchiwiri-choyera, ngati owazidwa ndi ufa, mtengo wa nthambi, masamba ndi maluwa. Kupha fungal ndi chizindikiro choyamba cha madzi redundancy. Mafungicides amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chithandizo, ndi kudulira ziwalo zokhudzidwa zikuchitika, zomwe ziyenera kuwotchedwa.

Barberry ndi chomera chomwe chili pakati pa mlili wamakono, monga dzimbiri bowa, zomwe zimakhudza tirigu. Ndichifukwa chake kulima kwake pafupi ndi minda ya rye ndi tirigu sikuvomerezeka. Chokhachokha ndi barberry ku Tunberga, yomwe sichikhoza kuwonongeka ndi dzimbiri. Matendawa pamasambawa amawoneka ndi malanje a lalanje ndi mapepala pamunsi mwa pansi, kumene kucha kwa spores muchuluka kwambiri. Iwo amafalikira ku mbewu zambewu, zonse zakutchire ndi zikhalidwe, mothandizidwa ndi mphepo.

Matenda ena amachititsa bowa la Fusarium. Matendawa amapezeka m'midzi, yomwe imakhala yovunda, ndipo bowa limayenda pamitsinje, imayambitsa kuthengo. Mukadula nthambi, mukhoza kuwona mphete za zida za bulauni.

Mwa tizilombo, chofala kwambiri tizilombo timeneti ndi barberry aphid. Kukhalapo kwake kumawoneka ndi makwinya ndi zouma masamba. Kuchotsa nsabwe za m'masamba ndizotheka ndi kuthandizira njira yothetsera sopo (pa chidebe cha madzi 300 g). Mbalame ya duwa moth imadya zipatso. Ngati maonekedwe awo, perekani barberry ndi "Chlorophos" kapena "Decis".

Mitundu yowonjezera ya barberry

Amadzichepetsa kwambiri m'masamalidwe a Berberis vulgaris, kapena barberry wamba, omwe kutalika kwake kungafike mamita awiri kapena kuposa. Masamba amajambulidwa mumdima wobiriwira, ndi maluwa - mumdima wachikasu. Zipatso zimadya kwambiri, zowutsa mudyo, zokoma ndi zowawa, zofiira kwambiri.

Ngati m'deralo muli chisanu, ndiye mtundu uwu. Amalekerera bwino chisanu ndipo amadziwa bwino chilala. Ikhoza kuchulukitsidwa ndi mbewu, pogawanitsa chitsamba ndi cuttings. Mukufunikira kuzungulira, kuti pasapezeke wina? Barberry wamba adzathandiza pa izi. Komabe, chitetezeni tchire lanu kuchokera ku chinyezi chochulukirapo, mitundu iyi imayambitsidwa ndi matenda omwe amabwera ndi bowa.

Chomeracho chili ndi mitundu yambiri:

• Atropurpurea ndi chitsamba cha barberry, chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa, ndi masamba ofiira.
• Aureomarginata - chomera chophatikizidwa ndi golide.
• Albovariagate ndi masamba osiyana.

Pakubereka mitundu yoyambirira, iyenera kunyamulidwa m'maganizo kuti pamene mutabzala mbewu yokha gawo limodzi la mbeu idzasungiranso zosiyana siyana.

Berberis canadensis, kapena barberry, Canada, monga dzina limatanthawuzira, linachokera ku North America. Zimasiyana ndi anthu a ku Ulaya pofalitsa kwambiri. Kulimbana ndi chisanu ndi chilala. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga malo ku America, choncho ku Russia ndizosowa kwambiri.

Berberis thunbergii, kapena barberry Tunberga, poyamba kuchokera ku China ndi Japan. Ndi shrub yaing'ono mpaka mamita, koma m'mimba mwake imatha kufika mamita limodzi ndi theka. Mphukira imadzazidwa ndi minga yaing'ono kwambiri. Maluwa ofiira-chikasu amasonkhanitsidwa pa zidutswa 2-4 muzing'ono za inflorescences. Koma zipatso za chakudya ndizosavomerezeka chifukwa cha kulawa kwawo kowawa, ngakhale mbalame zimawadya ndichisangalalo chachikulu.

Mosiyana ndi abale a ku Ulaya ndi a America, Barberry Tunberg Mwachizoloŵezi sichikumana ndi matenda a fungal, kuphatikizapo dzimbiri. Kulifalitsa monga mbewu, ndikugawanitsa chitsamba, ndi zophweka kudutsa ndi cuttings. Mitunduyi ili ndi mitundu yoposa 50, yosiyana ndi mtundu wakale wa masamba, mawonekedwe awo ndi kukula kwake. Ngati mukukumana ndi galasi ya barberry yosadziwika bwino, chithunzi chomwe mukufuna, makamaka ndi Tungberg.

Berberis x ottawiensis, kapena barberry ya Ottawa, ndi haibridi yomwe imapezeka popyola barberry wofiira ndi Tunberga. Kusiyana kwakukulu ndi masamba ofiira amdima ndi obovate. Pamene kugwa kumabwera, iwo amajambula mufiira wofiira. Kukongola maburashi a chikasu ndi pabuka mthunzi wa maluwa, amene amasonkhanitsa kwa 8-10 zidutswa, pachimake kumapeto May. Kuchokera kwa "makolo" awo chomeracho chapeza zabwino zonse - kukongola kwa mtundu, kudzichepetsa komanso chitetezo cha matenda a fungal.

Berberis koreana, kapena Korean barberry, kutalika kwa chitsamba chomwe chimakafika mamita awiri, ali ndi masamba akulu obovate, ofewa mpaka kukhudza. M'dzinja iwo amajambula mu mtundu wofiira. Chomera chimachokera ku peninsula ya Korea. Maluwa amasonkhanitsidwa mu maburashi atsopano a 15-20 zidutswa, ndipo fungo ndi lamphamvu kwambiri. Barberry ndi wodzichepetsa pa chisamaliro ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi chisanu. Ndimangotentha kowonjezereka, nsonga zake zimatha kuzizira. Koma nsagwada sizingakhale zosangalatsa kwa iye, panthawi ino kuti chinyezi ndi chapamwamba kwambiri, ndipo chomera ichi, monga chimadziwika, chimakhala chowopsa kwambiri ndi dzimbiri.

Berberis integerrima, Kapena barberry mpaka kumapeto, anabwera kunyumba zathu zochokera ku Central Asia, kumene zimakula pamtunda wa mamita 2500 pamwamba pa nyanja. Kutalika kwa shrub kungathe kufika mamita awiri ndi theka. Mphunoyi ndi yaing'ono, masentimenti imodzi ndi theka motalika, ndipo masamba omwe ali m'mphepete mwamphamvu amavekedwa mu mdima wobiriwira. Mu inflorescence, mpaka maluwa 20 a chikasu amatha kusonkhanitsidwa, ndi zipatso zakuda maroon ndi zojambulazo. Gulu lonse la barberry silikonda nthaka ya asidi. Kubzala ndi kumusamalira ndi kophweka. Zomera zazikulu zimapulumuka mwangwiro ngakhale nyengo yozizira kwambiri, koma achinyamata akhoza ndi chisanu, koma mosavuta kulekerera kudulira ndi mwamsanga kukula.

Berberis sphaerocarpa, kapena barberry sharoblodny (mwa njira ina iwo amatchedwa bipartite), anabwera kwa ife mu ziwembu za nthaka kuchokera ku mapiri a Central Asia. Shrub ikhoza kufika mamita 2.5 mu msinkhu, kufalikira kwambiri, ndi mapiri ang'onoang'ono a mtundu wa imvi. Anasonkhanitsa 5-10 maluwa a inflorescence ndi onunkhira kwambiri. Chipatso chokhala ndi bluish pachimake n'chobiriwira mdima wabuluu.

Anthu a ku Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan ndi Tajikistan amagwiritsa ntchito zipatso nthawi zonse, kuwonjezera msuzi wa shish kebab ndi shurpa. Zipatso ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yothetsera scurvy, chifukwa iwo ali olemera kwambiri mu ascorbic acid.

Mitundu imeneyi imakhala yosasamala kwambiri, imalekerera ngakhale kutentha kwakukulu komanso chilala chambiri. Zimaloledwa bwino ndi nyengo ya chisanu, koma mphukira zazing'ono zingathe kuvutika, choncho ndibwino kuziphimba. Koma chinyezi chokwanira chingapangitse ku matenda a barberry, makamaka dzimbiri. Bzalani malo omwe sagwedezeka ndi mphepo, ndipo dothi louma ndi losakanizika, ndipo mudzasangalala ndi zipatso zokoma ndi maonekedwe okongola. Zigawidwa bwino ndi cuttings ndi mbewu.

Berberis nummularia, kapena barberry ndalama, anabwera kwa ife kuchokera ku steppes za Central ndi Northern Asia. Chitsambachi chimakhala chamtunda mpaka mamita awiri okwera. Nthambi za utoto wofiira zimaphimbidwa ndi zazikulu kwambiri zokhala ndi masentimita atatu. Masambawa ndi alubulu wobiriwira, okhwima, okwanira, oblong-elliptical mu mawonekedwe. Maluwa akuluakulu a chikasu amasonkhanitsidwa mu burashi. Mitengoyi imakhala yofiira kwambiri. Pamaso pa 3-4, zaka zakubadwa barberry zimakhala zoziziritsira, kenako zimabwezeretsedwa kwa nthawi yaitali. Sakonda kwambiri nthaka yowumitsa, chifukwa imayambitsa matenda a fungal. Koma chilala, ngakhale champhamvu ndi chotalika, sichiri mantha. Nthaka imamupangitsa kukhala wowala, osati wodetsedwa.

Amur barberry amachokera ku Far East. Kumtchire, amasankha kukhazikika m'mphepete mwa mtsinje ndi m'mphepete mwa nkhalango. Kunja, amasiyana pang'ono kuchokera ku barberry wamba wa Amur, omwe kutalika kwake kumatha kufika mamita 3.5. Masamba akuluakulu otentha a mtundu wobiriwira kwambiri mu kugwa amakhala amtundu kapena wofiirira.