Asilavo - ndani zimenezi? Moyo, moyo, chikhalidwe cha Asilavo wakale

Kuchokera m'mabuku a mbiri, tidziwa kuti Asilavo - ndi imodzi yomwe waukulu mitundu mu World Old. Komabe, si bwino mpaka kumapeto, kapena amene anali kapena kumene anachokera. Tiyeni tiyese tione nyenyeswa izi chochepa zambiri, komanso kuganizira mfundo odalirika zambiri za moyo, chikhalidwe ndi zikhulupiliro za mafuko awa.

Iwowa ndi ndani?

Tiyeni tiyese kuzindikira Asilavo - awa ndi ndani, kodi anabwera ku Ulaya, ndipo n'chifukwa anachoka kwawo. Pali Mabaibulo angapo pa nkhaniyi. Ena mbiri yakale amakhulupirira kuti Asilavo mafuko kuchokera kosadziwika anadza nakhala pano kuyambira chilengedwere dziko lapansi. asayansi ena amakhulupirira ana a Asikuti ndi Sarmatians, ndi ena - a mitundu ina amene anabwera kuchokera mu kuya kwa Asia, kuphatikizapo kwa Aryans. Koma basi n'zosatheka kutengapo maganizo, aliyense amanena amakhala ndi khalidwe ake ndi mawanga akhungu.

Ndizovomereka Asilavo m'mayiko a ku Ulaya anthu, yemwe anali mu World Old pa Great Ataliatali. Iye anasiya kulankhulana ndi ofanana mafuko Germany wa patali kwambiri, ndipo anapita njira yake chitukuko. Koma mbali zambiri za chiphunzitso ndi dera lino mitundu anachokera Asia pambuyo pa Chigumula, njira ya assimilating ndi anthu kumeneko ndi kukhazikitsa malo a chitukuko - ndi Etruscans, Agiriki ndi Aroma, kenako anakakhala ku Balkans, ndi Vistula, Dniester ndi Dnieper. Nestor ndi mbiri limanena kuti Asilavo anafika ku Russia pambuyo Nsanja ya Babele.

Osati zochepa maganizo ndi dzina la fuko. Akatswiri ena amaganiza kuti Asilavo - amatanthauza "kulemba ndi kuwerenga omwe mawu 'dzina lina likumasuliridwa kuti" zabwino "kapena kufunafuna kunayambira ku dzina la Dnieper - Slavutych.

The ntchito yaikulu ya makolo athu

Kotero, ife tinapeza kuti Asilavo - ndi mafuko oyendayenda amene anakhazikika. Ogwirizana ndi chinenero chimodzi, zikhulupiriro, miyambo. Ndipo zimene anali maphunziro a Asilavo? Palibe options, ndithudi, ndi ulimi. M'madera nkhalango kunali kofunikira poyamba Konzani malo, kudula mitengo ndi mungazulenso stumps. M'madera nkhalango-steppe, woyamba kunyeka udzu, kenako dziko umuna ndi phulusa, hoed ndi mbewu anabzala. Wa mfuti ntchito ndi khasu, khasu, harrow. Mbewu inakula mapira, rye, tirigu, balere, nandolo, hemp ndipo fulakesi.

Onse a maphunziro a Asilavo anali pa kupanga zida zaulimi (blacksmithing), komanso ntchito zapakhomo (mbiya). Iwo anali kwambiri kuyambira ulimi nyama: makolo athu ayipanga nkhosa, mahatchi, mbuzi, nkhumba. Komanso, ntchito mphatso za chilengedwe: kusonkhanitsa bowa, zipatso, uchi njuchi m'nkhalango, ankasakidwa nyama ndi mbalame zakuthengo. Izi ndi malonda ndi anansi awo, ndi ndalama woyamba akuti ndi zikopa za martens.

chikhalidwe

The chete moyo wa Asilavo abwino chitukuko cha chikhalidwe. Agriculture anali ntchito yaikulu cha anthu, koma zayambika ndi zamanja kukongoletsa (kuluka, zodzikongoletsera, matabwa m'mbale, mafupa ndi zitsulo bondarstvo, khungu). Iwo anali zoyamba za kulemba.

banali Madera, zosankha zofunika anatengedwa pa msonkhano onse. Mu malo a m'deralo anali meadows, olimapo ndi msipu. Koma aliyense ali ndi chuma chawo ndi ziweto. Pa mutu wa mgwirizano mafuko anali Prince, yemwe anadalira pa boyars-patrimonial. Iwo kulemekezedwa anthu amene asankha pa msonkhano dziko, ndiyeno iwo anatembenukira kwa anthu otchuka m'deralo.

Mu moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, Asilavo anali wodzichepetsa, mosavuta umasamutsidwa ku vagaries a nyengo, njala. Koma anakhalabe onyada, ufulu wachikondi, olimba mtima ndi okhulupirika kwa dera lake, banja lake. Alendo nthawi zonse analandiridwa ndi mkate ndi mchere, kupereka bwino kuti panali m'nyumba.

anansi amakhumudwa

Asilavo anakakhala pa Ulaya ndi Asia, m'mayiko ndi malo apadera chuma ndi lachonde. Iwo unatenga dera lalikulu pafupifupi sabweretsa chisoni, chifukwa malo sadziwa chilichonse. Koma chuma cha dziko lapansi anakopeka achifwamba. Amakhumudwa pafupi ndi Asilavo - woyendayendawu Avars, Khazars, Pechenegs ndi Polovtsy - zonse anaukira m'mudzi. Makolo athu anali kugwirizanitsa iwo, ndi ntchito limodzi kumenya akuba. Chinawaphunzitsa usilikali, zonse wokonzeka kuti ngozi kawirikawiri kusintha malo kupirira. Koma paokha Asilavo anali nevoinstvennymi, wochezeka, amalemekeza ufulu wa ena, anali akapolo.

m'malo mapeto

Pamaso Prince Vladimir anabatizidwa Lazaro, ndi Asilavo anali achikunja. Iwo amulambira mphamvu za chilengedwe, anamanga akachisi ndi mafano analenga, nsembe kwa iwo (osati anthu). Iwo anali makamaka anayamba mwambo wa makolo, kuphatikizapo womwalirayo. Chikhristu walola Old Russian boma kuyandikira ku Ulaya, koma nthawi yomweyo anaba kwambiri. zinthu zakuthupi, zauzimu ndi chikhalidwe inawonongedwa, imfa ya zimene chapadera pakati pa anthu ena Asilavo. Panali mtundu wa kudalirana, zomwe, ngakhale zinthu anali chikhalidwe chomwecho, unapangidwa mchikakamizo cha Byzantium. Koma izi, monga iwo amati, ali nkhani ina ...