Anti-thanki mfuti Degtyarev. mfuti Anti-thanki ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse

Film "Ballad la msilikali" chimayamba ndi zochitika zonse za tsoka. Soviet-wolankhula wankhondo akuthamangitsa thanki German, kubisala achinyamata untried msilikali kupita, iye akuthamanga makina wachitsulo ndi za kuti andipeze na tulo. Msilikali amaona munthu anaponyedwa odana thanki mfuti Degtyarev. Ndipo amagwiritsa mosayembekezeka pamalo mwayi chipulumutso. Iye akuwombera pa makina mdani ndiponso kunyengerera izo. Iwo likuyandikira thanki wina, koma wolankhula si otaika ndipo watentha kwambiri.

"Izi zikhoza kukhala! - Today adzatiuza zina "Akatswiri mbiri ankhondo." - Kodi si kupyoza thanki zida ndi mfuti! "-" Inu simungakhoze! "- adzayankha iwo amene ali bwino nkhani imeneyi bwino. Inaccuracy mu ofotokozera filimu anamuyendera, koma nkhawa osati maluso a nkhondowo a kalasi ya zida limafotokozera.

A pang'ono za njira

mfuti Anti-thanki zinalengedwa mmasate za m'ma XX m'mayiko ambiri. Ankaoneka ndithu zomveka wololera njira yothetsera nkhani ya nkhondoyo oti muli nazo zida magalimoto a nthawi. The zida zankhondo anali kukhala njira yoyamba ya kulimbana izo, ndi PTR - sekondale, koma yam'manja. akuchititsa machenjerero amanyansidwa amayenera kuukira wedges thanki yokhudza ambiri, mazana makina, koma bwino kuukira anali chimafotokozera adzalenga ndende Napempha kwa asilikali kosaoneka ndi mdani. Kugonjetsa mizere zokhalamo chitetezo, zida ndi kubowola zida zida zankhondo, ndi Mzere wa minefields ndi nyumba zomangamanga (chinjoka mano, hedgehogs, etc.), Anali nkhani wofuna ndipo zinadzala ndi imfa ya yambiri zida. Koma ngati mdani mwadzidzidzi kugunda zigawo bwino kutetezedwa wa kutsogolo, sipadzakhala nthawi nthabwala. Ife modzipereka "kungokonza mbali zowonongeka mabowo" podziteteza, kuti aponye muvi oyenda, limene tiyenera kukumba. Mwamsanga kupulumutsa kuchuluka kwa mfuti ndi zipolopolo m'dera oopsa zovuta. Apa ndi zothandiza odana thanki mfuti. PTRD - Chida poyamba chimaoneka ndi yotchipa (mtengo kwambiri kuposa mfuti). Iwo zingabweretse kwambiri, kenako agwire zigawo zonse. Mwina mwake. Asilikali, onyamula, mwina akasinja onse mdani osati perezhgut, koma sachedwa isanayambike. Nthawi kupambana, lamulo ndi nthawi kuti kukokera mphamvu yaikulu. Tinaganiza ankhondo ambiri mu mmasate mochedwa.

N'chifukwa chiyani asilikali analibe PTR

Zifukwa kuti mu USSR chitukuko ndi kupanga mfuti odana thanki zaka prewar pang'ono udzachepetsedwa penapake, koma wamkulu anali yekhayo amanyansidwa asilikali chiphunzitso wa Red Army. Akatswiri ena amanenanso za kusowa ankaimbidwa wa kuzindikira za utsogoleri Soviet, kuti Musaone mlingo wa zida chitetezo cha akasinja ndi German, nateronso molakwa Mwachangu otsika SSS gulu la zida. Pali ngakhale otchula Chief Glavartupra G. I. Kulika, izo opined. Patapita kuti ngakhale 14.5 mm odana thanki mfuti Rukavishnikova ATR 39 anavomera mu 1939, anatenga Red Army ndipo patatha chaka anathetsedwa, izo zikanakhoza kubaya zida za mitundu yonse ya zipangizo, amene anali Wehrmacht mu 1941.

Kodi Germany anafika

malire Soviet zapita asilikali a Hitler ndi akasinja owonjezera zikwi zitatu. N'zovuta kuunikira sitima imeneyi ulemu, ngati ntchito njira zoyerekezera. Latest akasinja (T-34 HF) mu Red Army anali kuli ochepa zana. Choncho, mwina zida Germany anali pankhani yomweyo wathu, chapamwamba kachulukidwe? Izi si choncho.

Thanki Ti sizinali zophweka basi, izo angatchedwe guideshoe. Popanda mfuti, ndi gulu la anthu awiri, inkalemera pang'ono kuposa galimoto. Degtyarev antitank mfuti anatengedwa mu utumiki mu chaka cha 1941, izo anamulasa kudutsa. German T-II sanali bwino, iye anali ndi zipolopolo kusungitsa ndi waufupi mfuti likungosonyeza 37 mm. Komabe panali T-III, amene anali kuima nkhonyayo PTR chofukizira, koma pamene kugunda mu gawo mazunzo, koma malo ena ofanana ...

Wina "Panzerwaffe" anali Czech, Polish, Belgium, French ndi ena anagwira makina (kuphatikizapo mu okwana kwa), olema, ndi lothandiza bwino wotetezedwa mbali. chakuti aliyense wa iwo akanakhoza kupanga odana thanki mfuti Degtyarev, kamodzi ndipo sindikufuna ndikuganiza.

"Tigers" ndi "Panthers" anali Germany kenako mu 1943.

The resumption kupanga

Ndi msonkho utsogoleri wa Stalin, kukonza zolakwa Malemba. chisankho kuti apitirize ntchito pa PTR anapangidwa tsiku pambuyo pa nkhondo inayambika. Zimenezi refutes Baibulo chosowa kuzindikira zokhudza limaitana ndi oti muli nazo zida angathe Wehrmacht, tsiku kudziŵa ngati sangathe. The mwamsanga (pasanathe mwezi anathera pa ulimi wa mayunitsi experimental) mpikisano unachitikira zitsanzo ziwiri, pang'ono kukhazikitsa mu ulimi. Anti-thanki mfuti Simonov anasonyeza zotsatira zabwino, koma mbali njira zamakono wosakoma chachiwiri mayeso PTR. Zinali zovuta kwambiri mu chipangizo, ndi ankawonjezereka, amenenso kuvota bungwe la. Patsiku lomaliza la August Degtyarev antitank mfuti inali yololedwa anatengedwa ndi Red Army ndi kuika mu ulimi pa fakitale zida Kovrov, ndi miyezi iwiri - mu Izhevsk. Kwa zaka zitatu iwo zoposa 270 zikwi zidutswa.

zotsatira loyamba

Kumapeto kwa October 1941 zinthu kusanduka pa zoopsa kutsogolo. The avant-garde wa Wehrmacht anabwera Moscow awiri njira echelon wa Red Army pafupifupi wolapadi chimphona "miphika", yaikulu m'dera la mbali European wa USSR anali pansi pa chidendene cha Aisiraeli. Mu zinthu izi, asilikali Soviet sanataye mtima. Choperewera zida zankhondo zedi okwanira asilikali anasonyeza ungwazi ndipo anamenyana ndi akasinja, ntchito mabomba Molotov cocktails. Pomwepo mzere khamu chida latsopano kukauza kutsogolo. 16 November 1075 asilikali oyenda Regiment wa Division 316th, anapha akasinja mdani atatu, ntchito PTRD. Photo otchuka ndi Nazi luso kuwatentha lofalitsidwa manyuzipepala Soviet. Pasanapite nthawi ndi yotsatira ndi pansi Lugovoi anayamba kusuta thanki anayi kale kugonjetsa Warsaw ndi Paris.

yachilendo MFI

zaka Newsreel nkhondo mobwerezabwereza anagwira asilikali ndi mfuti odana thanki. Zimaonekera ndi nkhani nkhondo ndi ntchito zawo mafilimu mbali (mwachitsanzo, mu mwaluso S. Bondarchuk "Iwo anamenyera kunyumba"). French, American, British ndi German asilikali ndi PTRD zopelekedwa omwe mbiri kuli. Kodi zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti mfuti odana thanki ya nkhondo yachiwiri anali makamaka Soviet? Kumlingo, inde. Zedi ngati wa chida ichi anapangidwa yekha mu USSR. Koma ntchito pa zinachitika ndi UK (dongosolo Beuys), ndipo Germany (PzB-38, PzB 41), ndi Poland (Uri), ndipo Finland (L-35), ndi ku Czech Republic (M'Malemba achiheberi mulibe 41) . Ndipo ngakhale mu ndale Switzerland (S18-1000). Chinthu china chimene akatswiri a onsewa mosakayikira, sayansi "zotsogola" mayiko akhala akuchita kuposa zida Russian kwa kuphweka ake, kukongola njira luso, ndi khalidwe kwambiri. Ndipo coolly kuwomba mfuti mu chimadza thanki mwa ngalande, osati msilikali aliyense atenge angachite. Tikhoza.

The kupyoza zida?

PTRD ali za chikhalidwe ntchito ngati odana ndi thanki mfuti Simonov, koma nkwapafupi kwa iwo (17.3 vs. 20,9 kg), wamfupi (2000 ndi 2108 mamilimita ankalemekeza) ndipo amapanga chosavuta, choncho amafunika nthawi yochepa kukonza ndi kosavuta kuphunzitsa oponya mivi. mfundozi kufotokoza Commission State anapereka zokonda, ngakhale kuti vutoli akhoza moto mtengo zazikulu chifukwa anamanga pyatipatronnogo sitolo. Ubwino waukulu chida ichi amatha kudutsa zida chitetezo ku mtunda zosiyanasiyana. Mwambowu kutumiza wapadera katundu chipolopolo ku zitsulo pachimake (ndipo optionally, ndi zina incendiary mlandu adamulowetsa pambuyo kudutsa akutilola) mtengo mokwanira mkulu.

kuboola

Mtunda pa zimene odana thanki mfuti Degtyarev ndi owopsa kwa magalimoto oti muli nazo zida za mdani, - theka kilometre. Kuchokera pamenepa, n'zotheka bwanji mipherezero ena, monga bunkers, bunkers, komanso ndege. katiriji kukula ndi 14.5 mm (kalasi B-32 ochiritsira zida kuboola incendiary kapena BC 41 ndi ceramic superhard nsonga). Utali limafanana munition projectile mifuti, 114 mm. Distance chandamale chotupa ndi malo a 30 cm makulidwe ndi 40 mm, ndi mamita zana chipolopolo izi napyoza 6 cm.

olondola

Zoona zotsatira Mzimuyo bwino kuwombera pa malo osatetezeka kwambiri ku mlili wa zida mdani. Protection wakhala mosalekeza bwino, kotero asilikali anamasulidwa mwamsanga kusinthidwa malangizo amalangiza mmene ntchito odana thanki mfuti. Lingaliro la makono a nkhondowo magalimoto oti muli nazo zida monga kuganizira kuthekera kugwera mfundo zofooka. Pamene kuwombera mu mayesero ndi mazana-mita mtunda wa 75% zipolopolo akagwire pafupi 22 centimeter pakati chandamale.

kamangidwe

Kaya luso njira yosavuta, wosazindikira, iwo ayenera kukhala. WWII zida zambiri ikuchitika mavuto chifukwa yokakamiza achoke ndipo analamula zokambirana pa malo osakonzekera (zinachitikadi kuti nthawi zina amayenera ntchito panja). Ife anathawa izi tsoka Kovrovsky ndi Izhevsk mafakitale, limene mpaka 1944 opangidwa PTRD. Anti-thanki mfuti Degtyarev, ngakhale kuphweka kwa chipangizo, amene yophatikiza kupambana onse armourers Russian.

Mbiya ndi yamazinga, vosmizahodny. maso ali ambiri, ndi pamaso kutsogolo ndi zina kuti adzipeza Mzere (mpaka mamita 400 ndi 1 km). PTRD mlandu ngati mfuti wamba, koma linagawidwa amphamvu kwachititsa pamaso pa mbiya ananyema ndi masika absorber mantha. Pakuti mayiko, chogwirira anapereka (pakuti angasunge wina atanyamula asilikali) ndi bipod. China chirichonse: sear, limagwirira nyundo, wolandila, katundu ndi makhalidwe ena mfuti, anaima ndi ergonomics, amene wakhala nthawizonse wotchuka chifukwa zida Russian.

utumiki

M'munda, pang'ono mfutizo anachita zambiri, kupereka kuchotsa ndi disassembly wa pachipata monga unit ambiri kuipitsa. Ngati izi sikokwanira, kunali koyenera kuchotsa bipod, mbuyo, ndiye disassemble ndi choyambitsa ndi detach ndi Wopanda amasiya. Pa kutentha otsika, chisanu umagwiritsidwa lubricant, nthawi zina alipidwa mfuti mafuta № 21. zida chikuphatikizapo ramrod (collapsible), oiler, screwdriver, awiri bandolier ndi madzi zosagwira awiri chikuto cha pepala (wina ku mbali iliyonse ya mfuti) ndi mawonekedwe utumiki, mmene pali milandu maphunziro ndi ntchito nkhondowo, komanso misfiring ndi zolephera.

Korea

Mu 1943, makampani German anayamba kutulutsa akasinja sing'anga ndi katundu ndi kusungitsa wamphamvu protivosnaryadnym. mphamvu Soviet anapitiriza ntchito PTRD ndi kuwala, magalimoto zochepa kutetezedwa, komanso kubisa mfundo mfuti. Pa mapeto a nkhondo kufunika mfuti odana thanki mbisoweka. Pofuna otsala akasinja German wamphamvu zida zankhondo ndi zida zina ogwira ntchito mu 1945. Nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse itatha. Zinaoneka kuti nthawi PTRD irretrievably wapita. Koma zaka zisanu kenako anayamba ku Korea, ndi "mfuti akale" anayamba kuwombera Komabe, ogwirizana zakale - America. Mpheroyi Korea zida North asilikali ndi PLA, amene anamenyera pa chilumba mpaka 1953. akasinja American m'badwo unawonongedwa zambiri anaphedwa, koma panali aliyense. PTRD ntchito ndi mmene mpweya chitetezo zikutanthauza.

Mbiri pambuyo nkhondo

Kupezeka kwa ambiri chida chabwino ndi makhalidwe analimbikitsa kuti tipeze ntchito yabwino pa izo. Zikwizikwi mayunitsi umasungidwa mu lubricant lapansi. Kodi odana thanki mfuti akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito? Modern zoteteza malo thanki chingathe kupirira ngakhale kugunda KUTENTHA projectile, osanenapo dziwe (ngakhale ndi pakati ndi nsonga wapadera). Mu 60 anaganiza PTRD akhoza kusaka zisindikizo ndi anamgumi. lingaliro ndi zabwino, koma anali wolemera kwambiri chinthu ichi. N'zothekanso kuchita Sniper moto pa mtunda wa ku kilometre zoterozo mfuti, mkulu mathamangidwe koyamba amalola kuwombera molondola kwambiri pamaso pa chidwi kuona kuwala. Zida BMP kapena BTR PTRD akuswa mosavuta Choncho, zida lero si linasiiratu kufunika kwake. Chomwecho izo ziri mu malo, kuyembekezera mapiko ...