American manyuzipepala. nyuzipepala American "The Times". manyuzipepala American ndi magazini

The American mtundu - ndi wachinyamata. Inakhalapo m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu mochedwa, ndi mbali yaikulu pa ntchito imeneyi nyimbo atolankhani. Mitengo mfundo magaziniyo mwadala understated, chifukwa mu nyuzipepala American anali ofunika onse khobiri kapena awiri. Choncho, atolankhani watha kukhala chuma cha makalasi chapamwamba cha anthu, ndi kuwapangitsa onse. Mabaibulo ntchito mwaluso. Iwo samangokhala timanyamula mauthenga atsopano, komanso kulenga mfundo makamaka maganizo zoona, zikugwira ntchito chikumbumtima anthu. Chifukwa, United States, atolankhani wakhala woyamba m'dziko otchedwa "mphamvu chachinayi".

nkhani

Ena manyuzipepala American mwina kwambiri mkulu US statehood. Mwachitsanzo, "New Hampshire boma yotchedwa Gazette" anakhazikitsidwa mu 1756, "Hartford Courant" - mu 1764, ndi "Augusta Chronicle" - mu 1785. The-zakale ali pakati pa mabuku otchuka. Mwachitsanzo, "New York Post" - mmodzi wa manyuzipepala lalikulu, amene amafalitsidwa ndi makope za mazana asanu ndi twente-faifi sauzande, anakhazikitsidwa mu 1801. Ambiri chinathandiza popularization wa periodicals m'dziko mitengo mwaluso. Mu 1850, kufalitsa okwana dailies onse anali mamiliyoni awiri ndi theka magazini, ndi weeklies - kanayi kuti ambiri -. Miliyoni khumi Komabe, nthawi kuti luso la utolankhani anayamba makamaka ku New York, pamene manyuzipepala zina zinali zochepa ndi nkhani yosavuta kusindikizidwanso, wodzilemekeza uthenga m'deralo. Wa mizukwa ya theka lachiwiri la m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, tiyenera wapadera amatchula "Herald": nyuzipepala 1860, bwino patsogolo mu mawu a makope wotchuka London "Times" Ndipo States anali ndi mwayi kubadwa kwa Mitundu monga "atolankhani yellow" ndi kufufuza journalistic.

Alowe mphamvu chachinayi

Chifukwa kusindikizidwanso mawailesi wamba, wotchuka American nyuzipepala New York anali owerenga ambiri kuposa anali makope awo. Kuchuluka ndi dera kugawa zipangizo zawo kusindikizidwa. Mwachitsanzo, Baibulo la "New York Tribune" ankadzinenera kuti iwo kuwerenga za miliyoni, ngakhale kusindikiza athamangadi anali makope pang'ono kuposa zikwi mazana atatu. Pa chitsimikizo cha chilimbikitso chotilonjeza "Herald", ena manyuzipepala anali ndalama kuposa ndalama boma. Ndipo chifukwa akonzi awo sanali kupezeka mpheto ndi andale. Iwo kuwakhudza. Publication zingachititse kupambana pa chisankho ndi gulu makamaka kapena kuti aliyense chithunzi pagulu mtembo ndale. "Herald" wotchedwa TV kusintha njira imodzi nthambi za mphamvu mu dziko (wachinayi, pambuyo malamulo, yemwe ndi zachiweruzo) maphunziro ena kupita patsogolo.

Latsopano utolankhani: atolankhani yellow

polemba chinenero Izi zikhoza chikanachitika yekha mu United States ndi kwina kulikonse. "The American Dream", chimene yokonza nsapato yosavuta akhale miliyoneya, zinachititsa chidwi mwa unyinji waukulu wa anthu ku moyo wa osankhika a. Nkhani sitimangotseka timanyamula mauthenga, ngakhale ngati ntchito, iwo anali umalimbana Atauka lokoma (ngakhale Ndipotu, chifukwa sikuthandiza). Poyamba, mtundu wanyimbo limeneli linkatchedwa «munthu chidwi nkhani» (ie, nkhani amene amafotokoza za anthu ndi zofooka zawo). Nkhaniyi chimakwirira upandu uthenga, zoipa anthu mkulu, ndi kugonana. Apainiya polemba chinenero ichi chinakhala George. Pulitzer, lotsogoledwa nthawi zimenezo (Mipingo ya m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi), "New York WORLD," ndi William Hurst la "New York Journal". Nsanja nkhani yovutayi wotere manyuzipepala American ya Big Apple monga The New York Tribune, «Herald" ndi "The New York Sun" (Sunday enaake kuti "Times").

utolankhani investigative

Ziwerengero za kumuyalutsa, ndi chobisika kuchokera anapeza anthu Atolankhani lotchedwa "muckrakers". Atolankhani amene akachite zinthu kufufuza pawokha, anali, ngati paparazzi kwa tabloids, kuti kudutsa kuseri kwa mpanda wa m'nyumba payekha ndi kulumikiza ntchito yawo ili zida kazitape. Koma chinthu choopsa zedi: malipiro poyera za zotsatira za kufufuza moto chidwi, choncho, ndalama. Komabe, chotero Atolankhani oyamikira ndi mbiri yakale. Monga mbali ya utolankhani investigative "anatsika kuchokera" Watergate chibwenzi. Izi zinabweretsa osabvunda n'kukhutira mtolankhani Carl Benstaynu. Mu nthawi yathu, adatenga pa Baton wa Maykl Mur, amene adaperekeza kufufuza wake ndi chikalata kinoreportazh "Fahrenheit 9/11." Komanso mu mtundu wanyimbo izi utolankhani latsopano anasonyeza kuti Bob Vudvort ndi Tomás Vulf. manyuzipepala American, limene linatulutsa zotsatira za zofufuza zimenezi, pabwino lenilenilo monga buku linalake, anaikira zapamwamba (pamene akuti "elitist") owerenga, "The New Yorker", "Esquire", "Zeboyimu Atlantic Monthly" ndi zina zotero.

Kufufuza mu United States

Inde, zinthu zoipa andale safuna mphamvu. Ndipo mu US, monga maiko ena, makampani, mabungwe, maphwando ndi andale munthu anayesa kusokoneza ntchito atolankhani. manyuzipepala American ndi magazini analandira milandu pa milandu ya defamation kapena pachithunzichi ndale. Koma mdani waukulu wa atolankhani - ndi Pentagon. Mumadziwika bungwe "Atolankhani popanda Borders" mu chaka zikwi ziwiri lachitatu mlandu Utumiki silikhali kuti chinilo chotchinga atolankhani kuphimba zochitika mu Iraq. A wantchito lakale "CNN En" Christina Borzhesson ananena kuti Pentagon ndi kuyesa kulamulira nkhani zonse zokhudza usilikali. Komabe, kuchepa kwa ufulu wa kulankhula ndi chitetezo cha atolankhani ku United States ndi apamwamba kwambiri kuposa mayiko ena, makamaka mu Russia.

Makina American ndi mavuto azachuma padziko lonse

Koma zinthu sizili bwino. chakuti Sindikanachita kufufuza wapanga mavuto padziko lonse. Kumene, mabungwe ambiri anayamba kutulutsa uthenga mu mtundu pafupifupi komabe boma la makampani nthawi panopa osati mu mawonekedwe zabwino. Kumayambiriro a 2008, panali za mazana khumi ndi asanu manyuzipepala tsiku ndi zoposa sikisi sauzande mlungu uliwonse. Ndi kokha pa miyezi khumi anachotsedwa 16 zikwi atolankhani, anatseka 388 magazini 120 manyuzipepala. Miyala Mountain News, amene anali ikufalitsidwa kwa zaka zana ndi makumi asanu, wakhala unatha. Analengeza bankirapuse mwini The Times TV kampani Tribune Company. A apadera American nyuzipepala English «The Christian Science Monitor» anasiya kusindikiza pa mapepala ndi inasanduka gwero Intaneti. Zikuonekeratu kuti zinthu zili choncho ofalitsa zovuta kukhalabe mkonzi ufulu.

manyuzipepala American mu Russian

Mu US, kunyumba kwa m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, kotero makampani nyuzipepala mu dziko atolankhani mitundu si otsiriza. Ochokera ku Soviet Union ndi mwayi wophunzira posachedwapa mu Russian. Izi, kumene, osati zolemba. Ambiri a Mabaibulo Chirasha angobwera kamodzi mwezi kapena sabata. "Russian House" (mu Atlanta), New York "New World" ndipo «The Telegraph Dallas» mwa otchuka kwambiri kunja kwa Palestina Union ali. Mwatsoka, nyuzipepala American mu Russian sali m'gulu pamwamba khumi mabuku wotchuka kwambiri. Ichi ndi chifukwa chosowa atolankhani odziwa ndi akonzi. Koma Chirasha kunja kwa Palestina kukula amapereka chiyembekezo choti zinthu zidzasintha kwa bwino.

Wotchuka kwambiri buku US

Kungoona kutchuka kwa makope buku, mu malo oyamba ndi USA Today ( «USA Today»). Pakati mtsogoleri ntchito mu buku la The Wall Street Journal (iwo wotchedwa polemekeza New York misewu Walt Street, kumene flurry wa ziwongola dzanja zaogulitsa ndi banki). Ina yotchuka manyuzipepala American ali makamaka zochokera mu m'mizinda ikuluikulu, mitu boma. Izi ndi "Los Angeles Times", "The Chicago Tribune", "Washington Post", "Denver Post", "Dallas Morning News", "Houston Chronicle," "Philadelphia Inkvayer". Chifukwa mwambo likulu uncrowned malonda nyuzipepala amakhalabe New York. Kunadza awa "diehards" ndi circulations zikuluzikulu, monga New York Daily News ndi New York Post.

American nyuzipepala "New York Times"

Mmodzi wa nyuzipepala wamkulu British ndi The Times ( «Nthawi»). Iwo umapita mosalekeza kuchokera 1785. Amene ndi buku ili kwa atolankhani Rupert Murdoch osasunthika News Corporation. Lamlungu, ntchito amapita "Onani The Sunday Times". Kuti ingratiate yekha wotchuka poyamba, manyuzipepala ambiri anabwereka dzina ili sonorous. The nyuzipepala American The Times anakhazikitsidwa September 18, 1851. Kuchokera tsiku akutuluka mosalekeza. Icho chinakhazikitsidwa Nkhani a zigawo, ndipo mutu boma chifukwa zikumveka The New York Times (New York Times). Mu kusanja kutchuka pakati pa American Press nyuzipepala kuti ali malo wachitatu (pambuyo USA Today ndi The Wall Street Journal). atolankhani ake zana ndi nthawi khumi kupereka kwa Pulitzer Prize, ndipo wafika miliyoni makumi atatu owerenga pamwezi pa webusaiti ake. Mkubwela kwa buku Internet a chiphiphiritso cha nyuzipepala zinasintha. Poyamba, analiza ngati, "Ife tiri nazo zonse inu nokha kusindikiza." Tsopano Mwambi ndi zosiyana pang'ono. Izo zikumveka: "Ife tiri uthenga zonse, zimene mukhoza kungodina". M'pofunika kufotokozera kuti pansi pa mutu wa "The Times" mu America akutuluka magazini mlungu uliwonse uthenga. likulu lake amadziwikanso ku New York. Idamangidwa mu 1923 ndipo kuyambira ali anapambana malo oyamba mu kusanja kutchuka pakati magazini American. makope ake mu 2007 anali atatu miliyoni ndi theka makope.