"Akufa Miyoyo": ndemanga mankhwala. "Akufa Miyoyo" ndi Nikolai Gogol

Limodzi mwa mabuku otchuka amene N. V. Gogol analemba - ndi "Akufa Miyoyo". Reviews ambiri m'nthawi Nikolai, anthu amene ankamudziwa kwambiri, kunena kuti wolemba si kumverera wodzikuza. Iye yekha amaona ngati munthu wotchedwa kuti ena chifukwa chachikulu.

Gawo loyamba la ndakatulo, ndipo bukuli

Zinali bukuli ndipo anakhala anathandiza kwambiri pa mbiri ya mabuku. Gogol ntchito pa linayamba zaka mazana khumi ndi makumi atatu basi pambuyo bwino mabuku ake. Iyi ndi nthawi ya kukambirana kwambiri ndi wolemba Aleksandrom Sergeevichem Pushkinym, amene ankatanthauza chiwembu cha "Miyoyo Akufa".

Nikolai anali kufufuza chilolezo kwa buku la buku loyamba m'chaka makumi wachiwiri kwa zaka za m'ma 19, osati mosavuta. Ena kusinthidwa zinapangidwa kuti lemba kuwonjezera chifuniro mlembi. Anasintha mutu wa ndakatuloyi anali. Komabe, buku akadali anadza kwa owerenga.

Inasindikizidwa mu kusindikiza shopu ya University Moscow. Wolemba yekha watiitana buku la "Miyoyo Yakufa, kapena The Zopatsa Chidwi cha Chichikov". Izi anapatsa mbali ya mankhwala ulendo buku. Gogol anatha ngakhale ndi mawonekedwe a buku lanu.

Laibulale kafukufuku anapitirizabe Pisarskaya buku, lomwe ndi kalata autograph a Nikolai, kutsimikizira za kudalirika kwa lembalo. Ndipo republication mankhwala ena alionse izo poyerekeza ndi Mwachitsanzo kusungidwa mu mpanda wa University Moscow.

Tinachita "Miyoyo Akufa". Reviews ndi mtundu wanyimbo chi

Popeza bukuli linatulutsidwa pansi udindo "The Zopatsa Chidwi cha Chichikov, kapena Akufa Miyoyo", zinthu zambiri ngati kuti anali ngati ulendo, buku kuwala kuti owerenga sipakhala chirichonse apamwamba. Icho chinali censors ndi anthu amene akufuna kusintha udindo.

A ano zolembalemba ofufuza kuphunzira ntchito ya "Dead Miyoyo" (amakambirana iwo cholinga kwambiri kuposa maganizo a akonzi, amene amakhala mu nthawi ya Gogol), poyamba pa zonse amanena kuti mankhwala chochititsa lakuti - ndakatulo. Wowerenga za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi ntchito chakuti mtundu wanyimbo zimenezi ziyenera kulembedwa mu ndime "Chiwanda" kapena "Mkaidi wa Caucasus". Ndipo Nikolai amapereka prose ake. Monga Alexander poyamba anapereka chilengedwe chake chimodzimodzi wapadera "Eugene Onegin" imene ili buku, koma mu ndime. Awa ntchito apadera awiri amene zawo, ziribe kanthu zomwe sindimakonda polemba chinenero chimenechi.

Koma panali pa ndakatulo wakale, ndi pomanena buku wake polemba chinenero ichi, Gogol lolunjika pa zitsanzo yakale yoyendera. M'maganizo mwake munali zikuluzikulu, dongosolo lonse la ntchito yaikulu imene inali zigwirizana ndi mabuku atatu.

Scale kapangidwe ndi mavuto a anthu otchulidwa tsiku ndi tsiku moyo

Pakali pano, ambiri bwino ntchito izi zazikulu zimene analemba N. V. Gogol. "Akufa Miyoyo" - m'malo yapadera, ndakatulo chilengedwe zimene wolemba anayesa kuimba lonse la Russia ndi cifumu ndi mzimu dziko. Koma koposa zonse chidwi ndi owerenga kulakwika zinthu ziwiri: pa dzanja limodzi - ndi zikuluzikulu kuchuluka kwa ntchito, ndi pa zina - ena paltry zoweta zochitika za chi moyo Russian.

Wina ndi mzake ngati sichinkagwirizana. Ngakhale pa chiyambi cha ndakatulo kumasiyanitsa olakwika ndi ovutitsa kupindika pamene chiwembu chikufotokoza zina zazing'ono pa khomo mumzinda wa khalidwe buku.

Tanthauzo la dzina la mankhwala

Kodi tikuphunzira mutu wa bukulo, amene analengedwa ndi Gogol ( "Akufa Miyoyo")? Ndipotu moyo sangakhale akufa, iye ndi wosafa. mutuwu amanyamula chododometsa. Koma pali china chofunika kwambiri Nikolai cholinga - ndi malonda a moyo. Pankhaniyi, kamodzi pali kuyanjana ndi kuthana ndi mdierekezi.

The mayesero, zoyipa ndi ziwanda mu moyo - ameneyo alipo mu zochitika kwambiri wamba. Izi ndi zimene wolemba anafuna kutsindika wake "Miyoyo Akufa", zili limene pa koyamba si sintha owerenga kuti mozama. Pofuna kumvetsa cholinga cha wolemba, m'pofunika kuti ayanjane ndi chikhalidwe kulemba.

Kachitidwe capitalist kapena phukusi la mdierekezi

Gogol satirical chikhalidwe cha nkhani mu "Miyoyo Akufa" mwamsanga kuchigwira ndipo m'nthawi ndi ana. Koma kwa inemwini Nikolai makamaka zinsinsi wolemba. Kwa iye, chofunika kwambiri kuposa zimene zikuchitika mbali yolakwika ya moyo.

Chichikov, iye ndi mdierekezi. Aliyense amene akugula moyo. Ndipo Mwachitsanzo, nzika mu "Miyoyo Akufa", amene mowolowa manja anabalalikira m'zigawo bukhu, ndi inconspicuous infernal m'nkhaniyi. Kapena "chigubu makapu" - kumasonyeza kuti akuluakulu akukunyodolani zaka. Kufotokozera momveka ndithu zimagwirizana ndi chifaniziro cha gehena ikhale pamphuno.

Izi ndi zofunika. Gogol sanangobwera kutsutsa capitalist chikumbumtima ku Russia, iye limatsindika mfundo yakuti m'njira imeneyi - ichi ndi kuwasokoneza mwachindunji anthu ndimoyo gehena. Ndi mafano "Miyoyo Akufa" - chitsimikizo mwachindunji.

Sale miyoyo akufa

zochitika zonse zikuchitika mu ntchito, monga ngati nkhani lamulo. Mpaka kalembera atsopano a anthu serf sizinkachitika, palibe amene akudziwa chimene anthu awa ali akufa. Choncho, iwo mwamtheradi mwalamulo anapeza moyo.

Ngakhale nkhanza za njira izi, iwo anachita nthawi zonse. Ndipo anthu wadutsa kuchokera ku dzanja wina ndi mzake, monga zinthu. Izi ndi zimene anafuna kutsindika Gogol. "Akufa Miyoyo" - nchito si popanda chifukwa kumatsutsa osati lochitira anthu, komanso nyumba palokha ndi opanda ungwiro, analipo pa nthawi imeneyo ku Russia.

Kupanda mfundo, kapena dziko phantasmagoric

umboni angapo zikuphatikizapo kupanda mfundo zinachitika. Kuchokera pa tsamba loyamba owerenga ndi kumizidwa mu mdziko phantasmagoric komwe kale izo sizikumveka ngati pali malamulo maganizo, zenizeni, kapena si Russia, ndi mthunzi wake. Ena transcendent, otherworldly malo onse kuzindikira koma anyamata. Choncho anamulimbitsanso chachikulu mamangidwe omwe zopezeka chilengedwe chake, NV Gogol. "Akufa Miyoyo" anali zigwirizana ndi mabuku atatu, ndipo aliyense wa iwo anali ndi mtima ulamuliro wina: Gahena Purigatoriya Paradaiso. Ndipo woyamba buku - ichi hellish, otherworldly, purl Russian mbali.

Zilembo zachilendo mankhwala

Ndipo funso yomweyo lakuti: "Kodi mtundu wa anthu akukhala m'dziko zimenezi?" Akumumvera kovuta. Ambiri mwa makadiwa ntchito zambiri mulibe maina, ena, koma akuyankhula, tikunena owerenga sewero lanthabwala lapansi.

Gogol ndi zomera la mitundu ya anthu. Aliyense wa iwo akuimira munthu wina aliyense khalidwe khalidwe. Mwachitsanzo, Manilow - Kuganizira, mphuno - ndi rollicking, zopusa kumpoto Plyushkin - kukonda kwambiri chuma. Koma landlords mu "Miyoyo Akufa" zimasonyeza makamaka makhalidwe basest kuti alipo anthu.

Kukhalapo kwa mbiri ya zilembo ntchito

Kwambiri Gogol zikudalira pali yonena za ngwazi kapena ayi. Izi woyamba wa zonse, ndipo izo zimatengera makhalidwe ake. "Akufa Miyoyo" ali ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu otchulidwa, koma aliyense ali prehistory yake.

Manilow About wolemba limanena kuti iye anakwatira zaka eyiti. About Sobakevich pang'ono, koma za Chichikov ndi Eliya anauza mwatsatanetsatane. Osati kokha chimene iwo tsopano, komanso za m'mbuyomu awo, ngakhalenso zaka mwana. Anagwa pansi pa ngwazi zina za mankhwala, koma pa nzeru za Nikolai Vasilyevich kutanthauza kuti angathe kupulumutsidwa, iwo ali mozama. Ndi izi ndi anaonetsetsa yonena lawo pa ntchito.

Ngati inu kutenga owerenga amene koyamba bwino ntchito ya "Dead Miyoyo", ndi ndemanga ndi maganizo a amavomereza kuti khalidwe Chichikov ndi odabwitsa kwambiri. Kaya adventurer zabwino, kapena mwini wake wa mayesero infernal. Ndithudi zovuta kunena.

MPATUKO polenga Gogol

Ofunika pano zokwanira m'buku la Nikolai digressions m'nyimbo, chithandizo mwachindunji kwa owerenga kwa owerenga. Ndipo mmodzi wa chidwi kwambiri ndi basi pa mapeto a buku loyamba "Miyoyo Akufa".

Apa zikumveka funso wotchuka Gogol akuti: "Russia, kodi mumayenda" Koma yankho ndemanga iyi ayi. Ndipo chete izi mokweza kwambiri poyambira mu mankhwala mapeto. Njira ina Russia ndi zovuta kuzimvetsa. Ndipo mmene n'zotheka kulosera ngati dziko limene gehena ndi wolungama, weniweni ndi wosangalatsa kwambiri intricately zapiringizana.

Ntchito imeneyi inachititsa kuti mayankho ambiri zotsutsana chifukwa Russia pa nthawi imeneyo kale zinamvetsa kufunika kusintha, chiyembekezo chakuti a serfdom ndi chilango logwirika. Ndipo Nikolai anati mokweza za kufunika kwa maphunziro abwino wa membala aliyense wa anthu.