Akachisi wakale Greece - mbiri losema mwala. The mitundu ikuluikulu akachisi wakale Greek

Mosakayikira, inakhudza kwambiri m'badwo wotsatira anali luso ndi mamangidwe a Agiriki akale. kukongola otchuka komanso mogwirizana akhala lachitsanzo chinkatilimbikitsa kwa Nthawi ya mtsogolo. Akachisi zakale za ku Girisi ndi zipilala za chikhalidwe chawo ndi luso.

Nthawi mapangidwe a zomangamanga Greek

Mitundu akachisi Greek Ancient ukudalira nthawi ya zomangamanga awo. Pali nyengo zitatu mu mbiri ya luso Greek ndi zomangamanga.

• Chachikale chinkawavuta (600-480 gg. BC. E.). The nkhondo Persian.
• Classic (480-323 gg. BC. E.). Nthawi ya kutukuka kwa Greece. Movies Aleksandra Makedonskogo. nthawi umatha ndi imfa yake. Akatswiri akukhulupirira kuti zosiyanasiyana ili a zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana, omwe chifukwa cha Alesandro anayamba kudutsa kwa Greece, zinachititsa kuchepa kwa chakale luso Agiriki ndi zomangamanga. Akachisi wakale Greece, nayenso, sunapewe tsoka ili.
• Agiriki (zaka 30 BC. E.). Mochedwa nthawi inatha ndi kugonjetsa wachiroma wa ku Iguputo.

Kufalitsa chikhalidwe ndi zinachitika a kachisi

chikhalidwe chawo aloŵa mu Asia Minor, Sicily, Italy, Egypt, Africa North ndi malo ena ambiri. Kwambiri akachisi wakale Greek za nyengo chachikale chinkawavuta. Panthawi imeneyi, Agiriki anayamba ntchito mmalo zipangizo nkhuni nyumba monga laimu ndi za nsangalabwi. Akukhulupirira kuti zinachitika kachisi ndi nyumba zakale za Agiriki. Iwo amakona anayi nyumba ndi magawo awiri pakhomo. Nyumba ya mtundu umenewu pa nthawi kusanduka mu njira zina.

muyezo kapangidwe

Ancient akachisi Greek zambiri anamangidwira pa maziko movutikira. Iwo anali kumanga mawindo, umene wazunguliridwa ndi mizati. Mkati pali fano la mulungu. Ndime amathandiza matabwa denga. Ancient akachisi Greek ndi denga matabwa. Mkati, monga ulamuliro, zinali mdima. Access panali ansembe okha. Ambiri a akachisi wakale Greek anthu wamba akhoza amangoona kuchokera kunja. Akukhulupirira kuti n'chifukwa chake Agiriki tcheru kwambiri maonekedwe akunja malo olambirira.

akachisi Greek omwe adamangidwa motsatira malamulo ena. zamitundu yonse, makulidwe, chiŵerengero mbali, chiwerengero cha mizati ndi mfundo zina zodziwika bwino. Ancient akachisi Greek anamanga mu Doric, amaayoni ndi Korinto masitaelo. The wamkulu wa iwo ali woyamba.

kalembedwe Doric

kalembedwe Izi mapulani unakhazikitsidwa mwamsanga nthawi chachikale chinkawavuta. Iye amakhala ndi kuphweka, mphamvu ndi ena mtima. dzina lake, iye afunika mafuko Doric, amene anayambitsa ake. Today anakhalabe mbali chabe ya akachisi amenewa. Mtundu iwo kukhala oyera, koma m'mbuyomu zinthu structural munali utoto, amene anayamba kugwa mchikakamizo cha nthawi. Koma cornices ndi friezes anali kamodzi buluu ndi wofiira. Imodzi mwa nyumba wotchuka mu kalembedwe uyu ndi kachisi wa Olimpiki Zeus. Kuti anapulumuka yekha bwinja la nyumba wamkuluyu.

kalembedwe amaayoni

kalembedwe Izi anakhazikitsidwa mu zigawo lolingana kwa Asia Minor. Kuchokera kumeneko chinafalikira lonse Hellas. Ancient akachisi Greek kalembedwe izi ndi zina mogwirizana ndi kukongola poyerekeza ndi Doric. Pangani maziko anu pagawo lililonse makamaka. Capital mu gawo yapakati amatikumbutsa pilo, amene ngodya ndi anapotoza mu mwauzimu ndi. Kalembedwe izi palibe kufanana okhwima pakati pansi ndi pamwamba pa nyumba, monga Doric. kugwirizana pakati pa mbali ya nyumba amakhala MENE kutchulidwa ndi zambiri Kusakhazikika.

Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, pafupifupi sanalekerere manda a zomangamanga a kalembedwe amaayoni pa dera la Greece yokha. Koma yosamalika kunja. Zingapo mwa iwo ali mu Italy ndi Sicily. Mmodzi wa anthu otchuka kwambiri ndi kachisi wa Poseidon pafupi Naples. Izo zikuwoneka squat ndi katundu.

kalembedwe Korinto

Mu nthawi imene ulamuliro amisiri anayamba kumvetsera kwambiri ulemerero wa nyumba. Panthawi imeneyi, akachisi a Greece anayamba kupereka mitu Korinto, molemera chokongoletsedwa ndi zokongoletsa ndi amajambulapo maluwa okongola zamaluwa ndi predominance masamba acanthus.

pomwe Mulungu

Maonekedwe luso lomwe anali akachisi a Greece wakale, anali yekha mwayi - lamulo la Mulungu. Mpaka nthawi imene ulamuliro zivundi chabe sanathe kumanga nyumba zawo kalembedwe imeneyi. Ngati munthu anazungulira nyumba yake mizere ya masitepe, akanachititsa iye gables, zikanakhala kale ulemu kwambiri.

Mu Dorian boma formations ansembe malamulo amaletsa kubereka masitaelo wodziwika bwino. The kudenga ndi kumangira nyumba zokhalamo ochiritsira zinamangidwa, Nthawi zambiri matabwa. Mu mawu ena, nyumba mwala ndi mwayi wa milungu. Only obisika awo anayenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira kupirira nthawi.

tanthauzo wopatulika

Greek mwala akachisi omangidwa kwathunthu cha mwala chifukwa iwo anali zochokera maganizo magawano anayamba - lopatulika ndi otukwana. Tidakhala milungu anayenera kutetezedwa wachivundi onse. Wandiweyani mwala kapena nsangalabwi makoma anatumikira zifaniziro zawo chitetezo chodalirika kwa kuba, kunyoza, kukhudzana mwangozi, ndipo ngakhale kuwafunsa mafunso ochititsa manyazi maso.

acropolis

Maluwa zomangamanga Ancient Greece anayamba mu 5 m'ma BC. e. nthawi iyi ndi zaluso ake mwamphamvu kugwirizana ndi ulamuliro wa wotchuka Pericles. Iwo anali pa nthawi iyi anali atamanga Acropolis - malo pa phiri, kumene akachisi kwambiri of Ancient Greece anali anaikira. Photos iwo akhoza kuona nkhaniyi.

Acropolis ku Athens. Ngakhale mabwinja a malo awa Tingaone monga chachikulu ndi zokongola anali kamodzi. The phiri n'chachikulu kwambiri masitepe opangidwa ndi nsangalabwi. Kuti ufulu wake pa phiri ndi waung'ono koma wokongola kachisi wa mulungu wamkazi Nike. The Acropolis yokha anthu kudutsa chipata ndi mizati. Kudutsa iwo, alendo amapezeka mu lalikulu, aposa ndi fano la Athena (mulungu wa nzeru), amene anali woyang'anira wa mzinda. Kenako ankatha kuona zovuta kwambiri kumanga kachisi Erechtheion. Maonekedwe ake amadziwika chifukwa ndi Kukhonde, amene mutuluka kuchokera mbali ndi anathandiza osati alipo ziboliboli muyezo zipilala ndi za nsangalabwi wamkazi (karitaidy).

Parthenon

The nyumba yaikulu ya Acropolis ndi Parthenon - kachisi Athena Sitimayo inagunda. Amaona dongosolo langwiro kwambiri analengedwa mu kalembedwe Doric. The Parthenon inamangidwa 2.5 zikwi. Zaka zapitazo, koma maina a Mlengi wake anapulumuka. NdiAmene la kachisi ndi Callicrates ndi Iktinos. Mkati pali chosema a Athena, imene chosema ndi Phidias kwambiri. Kachisi anali atazunguliridwa ndi 160-mita yaitali frieze zosonyeza perete kwa anthu Athens. Mlengi wake analinso Phidias. The frieze amaonetsera anthu pafupifupi mazana atatu ndi zithunzi mazana awiri kavalo.

chiwonongeko cha Parthenon

Panthawi imeneyi, m'kachisi ndi kukhala mabwinja. Kapangidwe izi zazikulu, ngati Parthenon mwina akanati anapulumuka lero. Komabe, m'zaka za m'ma 17, pamene Avenetia anazinga Athens, imafunika kuthiridwa mafuta mu Turkey inaimika pakumanga magazini ufa, ndi kuphulika amene anawononga chipilala uyu wa zomangamanga. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 19 British Elgin anabweretsa London ambiri reliefs kupulumuka.

Kufala kwa chikhalidwe cha Agiriki chifukwa cha nkhondoyo Aleksandra Makedonskogo

Alesandro anatsogolera chakuti luso Agiriki ndi masitaelo a kamangidwe ndi anafalikira dera lalikulu. Kunja kwa matawuni akuluakulu a Greece, monga Asia Minor Pergamon kapena Alexandria ku Egypt zinalengedwa. Mu mizindayi, ntchito yomangayi wafika kufanana ndi kale lonse. Mwachibadwa, mmene yaikulu yomanga anali mamangidwe a Greece wakale.

Akachisi ndi manda m'madera amenewa amakonda adzamangidwa mu kalembedwe amaayoni. N'zochititsa chidwi chitsanzo chawo zomangamanga ndi waukulu mausoleum (tombstone) Maussollos mfumu. Iye anali m'gulu la anthu asanu zodabwitsa kwambiri a dziko. Choona chidwi n'chakuti yomanga anatsogolera mfumu. Mausoleum manda chipinda ndi mkulu pansi amakona anayi, wazunguliridwa ndi mizati ya. Pamwamba paima Gawo Piramidi la mwala. Iwo surmounted mwa chifanizo cha Quadriga. Ndi dzina la nyumba ya (mausoleum) mu dziko tsopano kuitana ena odzitukumula maliro dongosolo.