316 oyenda Division ya General Panfilov. History Division asilikali ft

Achinyamata tsopano mwangwiro kudziwa zisudzo otchuka ndi oimba, andale otchuka ndi anthu kuchita chinthu zaka zopambana zapitazo, ali nacho chidwi. Koma m'badwo woyamba ndi odziwika kwa 316 oyenda Division ya General Panfilov, anang'amba ndi miyoyo yawo kutenga achifasizimu mu Moscow. Pa nkhondo ndi unawonongedwa zaka za Division ine analemba manyuzipepala ambiri, ndipo onse 28 Panfilov atamwalira anakhala Zimphona la Soviet Union. Zingatanthauze kuti pangakhale cholakwika? Pambuyo chintchito anthu olimba mtima kumeneko. Koma panali zipangizo, kutsimikizira kuti 316 oyenda Division kunalibe oipa woposa mayunitsi ena, constraining Anazi kunja kwa mzinda wa Moscow. Aliyense wa iwo alimba mtima anapha asilikali, amene pazifukwa zina palibe mmodzi amanena kalikonse, koma pa 28 Panfilov anafa osati onse. Komanso, si onse amene anali otchuka, ena mwa iwo anakhala oukira. Kodi izo - mouthing ndi ungwazi wa asilikali Soviet, kapena kufuna kupeza choonadi kwa anthu? M'nkhaniyi, zokhazikitsidwa pa zolembedwa lodalirika ife angakwanitse njira ya zochitika pa zaka zonsezi, kuti onse m'badwo wamng'ono ndi wamkulu taphunzira choonadi za otchuka.

General Panfilov

Mkulu wa 316 oyenda Division, wotchuka IV Panfilov, anali munthu wa msinkhu. Iye anabadwa pa 20.12.92 (kalembedwe akale) kapena 1.1.93 (yatsopano), kotero anapeza ndi kusintha ndi First World nkhondo. Mu 1915 kumenyana ndi asilikali Tsarist, koma kuchokera 1918 anakhala Red Army, anamenyana ndi Chapaev kwambiri, ndipo anadziwa iyeyo. Mkulu lodziwika bwino ndikhale wamng'ono Scout Panfilov mobwerezabwereza ananena molimba mtima, kulimba mtima, kulimba mtima ndi luso kugwira ntchito yoopsa kwambiri ndi imfa pang'ono kapena ayi. yolamula ili ndi luso anthu - kuteteza asilikali ake ndipo nthawi yomweyo kugonjetsa mdani - mkulu wa 316 oyenda Division, ndi munthu wodabwitsa kukumbukira nthawi yomalizira ya moyo wake. Mulimonsemo, kusamalira aliyense wa womenya wake, monga mwana mbadwa, zimene adzaitana aksakals ndipo kenako Batey. Zaka pambuyo 3.5 pambuyo pa imfa ya kupusa Panfilova mmodzi wa asilikali a Chigawo lemba lake mu adani a Berlin Wall kuti Panfilovets ndi kuwonjezera mawu akuti: "Adadi, zikomo nsapato lapansi."

Kubadwa kwa oyenda 316th

Nditamaliza maphunziro ku Kiev oyenda sukulu Panfilov ndiyenera Central Asia, kumene iye anatsogolera polimbana magulu wolanda. Ndipo kulikonse, ngakhale kumadera owopsa phiri wodzala Basmachi, Womutsatira anali mkazi ndi mnzake wokhulupirika wake Masha, Maria Ivanovna. Mtima pa nkhondo, wolimba, wolimba mtima ndipo pa yomweyo anzeru msilikali wa Soviet Army I. V. Panfilova mu 1938 anaikidwa commissar lankhondo la Kirghiz Soviet Republic. Ndipo mmalo awa anali nawo mkango chidwi kuti omenyana wamng'ono, koma si zokhazo maphunziro kubowola komanso kusamalira banja lanu, kuti si achilendo kwa atsogoleri onse.

Kumayambiriro kwa July 1941 I. V. Panfilov anapita Alma-Ata, komwe anayamba mapangidwe amphamvu kumenyana wagawo, akuti "316th oyenda Division". Panfilov anasankha anthu mu izo, mutsogolerane ndi olimbikitsa Komsomol ndi achinyamata Chikomyunizimu. Mwa kupanga gulu lalikulu, amene ntchito yaikulu inali kumenyana Nazi Panfilov Musaiwale kuti omenyana ake - makamaka anthu, ndipo kenako asilikali chabe, kotero anagogoda iwo zinthu zachilendo a malawi, chakudya zogwiritsa ntchito yabwino, ngakhale liyende zoimbaimba awo nyimbo, ndipo akazi onse anapanga issuance atali ndi masiketi m'malo thalauza ndi footcloths.

Maphunziro a luso asilikali

The lodziwika bwino 316 oyenda Division inanyamula mazana zochuluka, poyamba sanali mwadongosolo kumenyana wagawo, monga zigawo zikuluzikulu ozimitsa wake pang'ono odziwa luso la nkhondo, anthu ambiri ankachita mantha ngakhale akasinja. Choncho, IV Panfilov ndi ntchito yaikulu ndi kupanga usilikali wa matabwa ake chigawo chimene iye anapatsidwa mwezi umodzi wokha. Kuyambira atsogoleri kampani ndi battalion ananena kuphunzitsa anthu chilango, chipiriro, ndi kuti, anapatsidwa kuti zikuchokera kwa 316 oyenda Division m'gulu anthu 34 ochokera m'mayiko (panali ngakhale anthu kapena kumvetsa mawu mu Russian), analozera chithandizo chapadera wa asilikali kuti awayanjanitse iwo onse mu banja wochezeka. Maphunziro inkakhala ndi akulowera yaitali yokakamiza, ankawoloka mitsinje, kutenga mkulu-auka, yokumba a ngalande ndi nkhondo, pomanga kuwoloka. Pofuna kuthetsa mantha ozimitsa mu akasinja awo, Panfilov anakonza maphunziro thalakitala chiwembu, imene asilikali anali mu ngalande ndi anadikira mathirakitala ndidzadutsa pa iwo, ndipo Kenako anaponya maphunziro mabomba awo.

ubatizo wa moto

Lumbiro la asilikali a 316th oyenda Division anatenga 30 July kukafika ku Novgorod ndi nawo mu 52 TH Army pa 18 August. Ngakhale kuti pa mizere kutsogolo, magawano anali ndi ntchito omenyana reconnaissance. Makamaka mkulu wolemekezeka wa mfumu ndi platoon wake, analanda "chinenero", mfuti ya makina ndi kuononga Germany ochepa. Zinali nkhondowo wawo woyamba sortie anamaliza Mzimu wamphamvu ozimitsa amene anaukitsa bwinobwino.

Koma zikuluzikulu ntchito ya asilikaliwo pafupi Leningrad 316 oyenda Division sanalekerere mu yophukira oyambirira unasamutsidwa m'dera Moscow, mu 16 Army Rokossovsky. Panfilovskaya 316 mfuti Division ayenera sakuchitira chilungamo pa Volokolamsk ndi chitetezo azikhala pa 50 mailosi gawo kutsogolo. Apa Gulu analowa zida zankhondo Regiment 857 TH Kurganova, koma zida akadali odana ndi asilikali Panfilov sikunali kokwanira, ngakhale ndithudi zinali ngakhale odana ndege mfuti Katyushas wathu ulemerero.

Asilikali machenjerero Panfilova

Panfilov ankakonda ndi akazembe ndi ozimitsa wa onse, 316 oyenda Division analipira kwambiri chidwi, iyo akudziŵa bwino zovuta kwa ntchitoyo. Kuonjezera mwayi kuwina, anagwiritsa ntchito yake otukuka njira za nkhondo, anapempha ndodo ya njira imeneyi, ngakhale mu zinthu zambiri sizimadziwika bwino chitetezo. Kenako, njira imeneyi adzapulumutsa moyo wa mazana a anthu, kwenikweni, kutsimikizira malamulo waukulu Bati, amene mobwerezabwereza amuna sanafune imfa yawo, iye amafuna kuti apulumuke.

Ndicho chimodzi mwa zitsanzo zambiri zaulemerero kumene wolemekezeka mkulu m'mbali chabe. kampani wake, anatenga inawomba nyumba yaitali, koma anatengedwa mu mphete wandiweyani ya akasinja ndi oyenda la mdani. Konsekonse, kuti wathedwa kufa mwadzidzidzi anapita amanyansidwa ndi osati anaswa mphete, komanso kuwonongedwa 3 akasinja ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha Anazi, ndipo yekha ndi kampani yopuma kuchokera lazungulira. Kenako, mmodzi wa ku Germany analemba kuti kugunda omenyana "chilombo" 316th Division zinali zovuta kwambiri, chifukwa iwo nthawi zonse ankachita mwadzidzidzi popanda kugonjera malamulo iliyonse ya nkhondo.

Kulimbana pa Volokolamsk

zaluso ambiri akhala anayambitsa ndi mkulu wa 316th oyenda Division. Njira imodzi ngakhale akuti "kuzungulira Panfilova," ndipo anayamba ntchito kumabungwe ena kutsogolo. Komabe, ngakhale kuti ayesetsa onse, pa 316th adalinso akugonjetsa. Choncho, Germany pa October 15 anayamba kuukira wamphamvu, kupereka Panfilov magawano, ambiri akasinja. Only pa pambali kumanzere, komwe molimba mtima kumenyana 1075 TH Regiment, panali oposa 150 mayunitsi. mkanganowo lolemera kwambiri, koma 316 oyenda Division kupewa lazungulira kuwononga mapulani Nazi monga Panfilov asamalidwe nthawi kuthandiza 1075 wake TH ambiri odana ndi thanki zida zankhondo.

Patapita masiku 4, Germany ndi anayenda mwakachetechete n'kukafika ku Moscow ndipo anatengako zina mwa mudzi. Pa nkhondo awa, ungwazi apamwamba anasonyeza Captain Lysenko, kusunga chitetezo m'mudzi Ostashevo Captain Molchanov, ndi Ankhondo awo anawomberedwa pansi 6 akasinja. Koma Germany ankafunitsitsa Moscow, kaya zomvetsa awo. Pa October 25. Iwo anathira pa Panfilov Division 120 akasinja. Kupulumutsa asilikali ake Panfilov analamula kuti abwerere ndi kupereka Volokolamsk. Kuchokera wa kuweruza kwa mchitidwe uwu Adam'teteza Rokossovsky ndi kuti kuomberedwa - Zhukov.

Nkhondo Moscow

Ataona kupambana Germany anapitiriza kuukira. Bwerani November 16, tsiku la koipa (by Zhukov anati) nkhondo kwa Moscow ndi tsiku anapanga ft awo sikunachitekepo 28 omenyana 316 oyenda Division. The Germany anapita kwa kusweka, ndi Wehrmacht anapereka Volokolamsk malangizo kale 2 Chigawo amenewa. Kuwathandiza oyenda magawano. Malinga ndi Maulendo chopulumuka omenyana, iwo anali akasinja, amene anakhala ndi oyenda ndi anatsogolera moto mosalekeza. asilikali ngakhale sanakweze mutu wake kuyang'ana, kumene kuponya mabomba. Pa nthawi yomweyo, pamwamba pa ndege awo bomba. chigumukire ili yonse ya imfa akayang'anizananso wina 316th oyenda Panfilov magawano.

Ndi chiyambi cha kuukira amphamvu kwambiri anayamba pa Dubosekovo, kumene 1075 TH oyenda Regiment. Iwo analamulira Ilya Vasilyevich Capri. Mu ichi kampani 6 TH kumbuyo Shiryaevo, 4 - mwachindunji Dubosekovo, 6 - m'dziko pakati Petelino ndi kutalika kwa 251. Pa kampani wa 4 wa mdani anaponya 60 akasinja, ndi wathu anali kokha 1 ndi 2 odana thanki mfuti platoon PTR !

The podwala anali 4:00. Panthawi imeneyi, Panfilov anawomberedwa pansi akasinja mdani 18 ndipo anawononga asilikali mazana angapo. Baibulo boma ndi: kupha onse kampani 28 asilikali, koma mdani inaima. Iye analinso anaphedwa ndi mlangizi ndale, sate Vasiliy Klochkov, zimene ziri za mawu wotchuka zoti Russia n'zochulukadi, koma poti abwerere, monga Moscow ali m'mbuyo mwathumu.

imfa Panfilova

Pakuti chintchito chachikulu cha 316 oyenda Division Panfilova November 17 anali Eighth alonda mfuti. Kuwonjezera apo, anali kupereka kwa Order ya Red Chabwino. Panfilov pikulu kuti, malinga analota Gulu lake anali alonda. November 18, anakumana ndi mwana wake wamkazi Valentina, namwino Gulu lake. Pa msonkhano, Ivan anaitanidwa kukaonekera kulikulu la ili m'mudzi Gusenevo nkhani ndi Moscow mtolankhani. anangocheza mu pa bwato ndipo mawu uthenga watsopano achifasizimu thanki kuukira. Panfilov mofulumira kunja kwa anthu ake analumpha kuchokera pa bwato la. Pa nthawi imeneyi chipolopolo mkangano pafupi. Mu maso a anthu anazizwa General anayamba kukhazikika. Zinangochitika wamakani, ndi umagawanika ting'onoting'ono kum'menya mu kachisi. Glorious ngwazi anaikidwa m'manda mu Moscow, ndi Novodevichy manda, ndi Gulu lake unatchedwa Panfilov.

Zikho ndi imfa

Pa zovuta kwambiri ntchito ankhondo a Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, umene unali pa November 16-19, anataya osati amakonda mkulu wa 316 oyenda Division, kuteteza Moscow. Mama mu nkhondo izi anataya zikwi akatswiri awo. Kotero, pachiyambi cha mapangidwe a gulu 316th inkakhala amuna 11,347, ndi November 16 adasiya za 7000. Makamaka, mu 1075 Regiment anali mu 1534, mu 1073-mamita - 1666, ndipo mu 1077-mamita - 2078 asilikali ndi atsogoleri. Pambuyo pa nkhondo fateful mu 1075 Regiment anthu 120 kumanzere, kuphatikizapo ovulala, mu 1073 mamita - 200, ndi yaikulu Regiment 1077th - 700 omenyana. Losses, ndithudi, zoopsa. Wotchuka 4-TH kampani anapulumuka anthu 20 okha mwa 140. Monga hellish cauldron Dubosekovo - Kryukovo Panfilov "yophika" mu miyezi iwiri. Pa nthawi imeneyi anawononga 9000 Nazi asilikali ndi pafupifupi 100 akasinja, ukali 4 magulu a Germany - 1 thanki, 1 Moto oyenda ndi 2.

Afterword amapezerapo mwayi

Data zikusonyeza kuti pa 16 November anapha anthu ambirimbiri ozimitsa wathu ulemerero amene anatsogolera Moscow. N'chifukwa chiyani dziko lonse zodziwika kokha kwa chintchito asilikali 28 wa 316th oyenda Division? Izo zinachitika ndi Kutengera antchito a nyuzipepala "Red Star" Otenberga, Krivitsky, Koroteeva. Krivitsky anavomereza kuti iye anatulukira nkhani yake pansi kuthamanga kwa zinthu. Anapulumuka nkhondo, mkulu wa 1075-TH I. V. Kaprov mwalamulo ananena kuti atolankhani kuti ndisanakumane naye, ndipo palibe amaphunzira ndi kuti nkhondo yotchuka anaphedwa pa 28 ndi oposa 100 Panfilov. Onsewo kumenyana ngati ziwanda, kuteteza iliyonse inchi m'dziko lakwawo, koma chintchito anthu 28 sanali. maina onse (kuganizira) ozimitsa awo, amene anakhala wotchuka Panfilov, Krivitsky malinga mkulu lomwelo 4 kampani Gundilovich, ndipo izi zinachitika miyezi 2 pambuyo nkhondo, ndi mawu Klochkova Krivitsky analemba yekha.

nsikidzi koopsya ndi zosasangalatsa

Mosakayikira, 316 oyenda Division kumenyana osati zozizwitsa, ndi pa anangotsala pang'ono maluso anthu, osati chikondwerero anthu 28 ndi aliyense. Koma ayamikike chikhulupiriro woipa amene ali panokha moyo wake si pangozi, ndi chintchito asilikali onse anatsikira kwa ungwazi a kagulu ka anthu. Choncho, Krivitsky ananama za nkhondo kuti iye anatha kumva m'chipatala kwa mmodzi wa 28 Panfilov Natarova, amene anamwalira pasanapite nthawi. Koma iye sangakhoze kuchita izo, chifukwa pa nthawi ya nkhondo wotchuka amene anali wakufa kwa masiku 2. Pakati pa akufa ndi kupereka atamwalira Panfilov ali Daniel Kuzhebergenov (Kozhabergenov), lomwe pa nkhondo anali mkaidi wa ku Germany. Kenako anathawira ku nkhalango, anayenda kumeneko mpaka chinapezeka apakavalo a Soviet General Dovatora. Chimalemekeza ndi mphoto ndi nthawi kale olembedwa, kotero zikalata dzina lake ndi dzina posakhalitsa m'malo Askar Kuzhebergenova, amene anali kupereka izo. Koma msilikali komanso nawo nkhondo wotchuka, zinafika pa 316 TH magawano yekha mu January 1942.

Zolakwa zotsatirazi odala. Kotero, iye anali atamwalira kupereka Panfilov Paulo Gundilovich (mtsogoleri), Illarion Vasilyev ndi wotchedwa Dmitry Timofeev, Grigory Shemyakin, Ivan Shadrin. Onse apulumuke pambuyo nkhondo ndipo ndiri mphotho zawo, kukhala ndi thanzi labwino. Gundilovich, mwatsoka, anafa mu April 1942, anthu ena anapeza kuti apulumuke nkhondoyo.

Hero kapena wachinyengo?

Kwambiri kwadalako wophimba ulemerero wa 316th oyenda Division, ndi zinachitika ndi Ivan Evstafievich Dobrobabin, anali mtsogoleri wa dipatimenti. Gundilovich pamene dzina lake, sindinadziwe chimene Dobrobabin analandidwa ndipo anapita kukatumikira monga wapolisi, ndipo ngakhale anakhala mtsogoleri wa apolisi, kotero mwakhama ntchito yake, ngakhale kuti anayesedwa ngwazi ya Soviet Union, ngati ena atamwalira. Atamangidwa, lamulo pa awarding iye mutu chinathetsedwa, ndi wompereka m'ndende kwa zaka 15 m'ndende. Kenako Dobrobabin apempha kuchotsedwa kwa iye manyazi, koma nthawi zonse anakana. Anapulumutsa ndi kumukonzanso yekha mu 1993, pambuyo kulengeza ufulu wa Ukraine.

ena Panfilov

Osati kokha 4 Company ya 316th oyenda Division wolemekezeka yokha pa November 16. Mwachitsanzo, asilikali 120 wa kampani 1 kumbuyo m'mudzi Matrenin. Adawalamulira mkulu Filimonov. Anawononga akasinja angapo ndipo achifasizimu 300. Wa kampani 6 amene anaima pafupi Petelino, anthu 15 okha anapulumuka chiwembucho. ochepa Izi maola ochepa kusunga chitetezo, kuonongedwa kwa akasinja 5, koma asilikali 15 anaphedwa. Mu lamulo la msilikali wamng'ono Kraeva 2 Company unachitikira inawomba nyumba yaitali 231,5 ndi zambiri analibe zipolopolo odana akasinja ndi mfuti, koma mwanjira anakwanitsa kuchepetsa 3 akasinja, kuwonongedwa 200 Nazi kutenga chikho kuchokera 3 mfuti 1 magalimoto. Mudzi Sound 20 mwa asilikali, analamula lieutenants Islamkulov ndi Ogureev, anathyola ndi battalion wa Nazi makina gunners.

Anamanganso zinalengedwa pa masiku ena. November 17 17 asilikali 1073rd Regiment nkhondo kuti imfa mu Mykanino m'mudzimo. Aphedwa omenyana 15, koma 8 25 kudza kwa iwo akasinja anawonongedwa. 18 November 1077 11 omenyana Regiment, analamula mkulu Firstov, pafupi ndi mudzi wa chingwe maola ochepa (kwa munthu wamoyo lomaliza) anamenyana pa kuukira kwa battalion ya akasinja ndi Nazi. Ndi chisoni kuti zochita za ngwazi izi wamng'ono kudziwika.