Zovuta REB "Hibiny": amatanthauza, zipangizo. REB "Khibiny" - ndi chiyani?

Zida zamakono zamakono sizingatheke popanda kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zipangizo zamagetsi zamagetsi. Madera, malo okhala, njira zowonongera zofunikila ... Zonsezi muzochitika za nkhondo yamakono ndizofunikira kwambiri. N'zosadabwitsa kuti akatswiri a zinyama akhala akuyesera kukhazikitsa njira zothandizira kusokoneza mafilimu a wailesi. Ichi chinali REB "Hibiny".

Mfundo zazikulu

Maofesi osiyanasiyana, omwe anafunidwa kuti apangidwe pa zipangizo zamakono, anakhazikitsidwa mu R & D "Khibiny" ku Kaluga. Mkulu wamkuluyo anali katswiri wamaluso Alexander Semenovich Yampolsky.

Ku USSR, kufufuza koyambirira koyambirira mmalo mwa kuthamanga kokangoyamba kunayamba mu 1977. Kale mu 1984, ntchitoyi inachititsa kuti magulu oyambirira a nkhondo zamagetsi apange "Khibiny", omwe poyamba adakonzedwa kuti apangidwe pa ndege 34. Mu 1990, posatsala pang'ono kugwa kwa USSR, otsogolera oyambirira anali atayesa kale kuyesedwa mu komiti yapadera ya boma. Ngakhale kuwonongeka kwa boma komanso mavuto onse a mtumiki, pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1990, chitukuko cha malowa chinatha.

Kodi cholinga cha "Hibiny" REB ndi chiyani? Udindo wake waukulu ndikuteteza ndegeyo kuchokera ku misampha yoteteza ndege ndi mpweya, yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi oyendetsa ndege. Chofunika cha ntchito yake ndicho kuthetsa machitidwe opangira zida zimenezi kudzera mu kukhazikitsidwa kwa kusokonezeka mwakhama.

Kuyesedwa

Mayesero awo anali okonzedweratu kumapeto kwa chaka cha 1995. Kuyendera kwa boma kunapangidwa ndi zitsanzo zosinthidwa, zomwe zolakwika zambiri za zitsanzo zam'mbuyomu zinakonzedwa. Ngakhale izi, zolakwika zina zakhala zikudziwika ndipo nthawi ino. Choncho, ulendo woyeserera ulendo unayambira kumapeto kwa August 1997. Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2004, Khibiny electronic warfare unit potsiriza inavomerezedwa kuti ikatumikire ndi Russian Air Force, pokhala gawo la zombo za Su-34.

Mu August 2013, mgwirizano wofunikira unasindikizidwa, pomwe makampani ogwirira ntchito amafunika kukonzekera zida izi ndi pafupifupi onse a Su-34 ndi zitsanzo zina zomwe zingagwiritse ntchito zida zoterezi. Ntchito yowonjezera ndi yoposa mabiliyoni 1.5 bile. Zikudziwikiratu kuti m'tsogolomu zovuta za EIB "Khibiny" zidzakonzedwa ndi asilikali a Su-30M ndi makina ofanana.

Mbiri ya ziwonetsero

Zoyambazi zikuphatikizapo bungwe loyang'anira ndondomeko yeniyeni yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito (mtundu wa TSh). Mwachikhalidwe, iwo anaphatikizanso mapangidwe apamwamba a chizindikiro cha digito kuchepetsa ma microcircuits "Yankho". Muzitsulo izi, zigawo zatsopano za "hundredth" zamagulu zinagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuyambira mu 1984, zigawo izi za Khibin zinakhazikitsidwa mu bungwe lina lofufuza kafukufuku, popeza kuchuluka kwa ntchito kunali kwakukulu kwambiri kuntchito imodzi. Pogwira ntchitoyi, mzere wa kuchedwa kwazisonyezo unasinthidwa ku msinkhu wa "Mayankho-M".

Gwiritsani ntchito ndi oimira a Bungwe Lokonzekera la Sukhoi

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti choyamba choyimira, chomwe chimagwirizana ndi ntchito yamakono, sichidafanane ndi zipinda za ndege. Pofuna kupewa zoterezi m'tsogolo, okonzawo anayamba kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi a Sukhoi Design Bureau pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri. Kuyambira tsopano ntchito yonse ya "Khibiny" inatsogoleredwa ndi V. V. Kryuchkov.

Choyamba ndege

Mu 1990, chitsanzo choyamba "chowuluka" chimaphatikizapo magawo onse a State Acceptance, povomerezedwa kuti ndi yoyenera kuika ndege zogonjetsedwa ndi USSR Air Force. Pachigawo chachiwiri chinapangidwira kukwera muzitsulo L 175V chophimba ndipo chinapangidwira kuti zitheke pazithunzi zambiri za Su fighters ndi ndege zowonongeka. Monga tanenera kale, kuthawa koyamba kwa ndege yomwe ili ndi zipangizozi kunachitika mu 1995.

Kotero gawo loyamba la gawo lomaliza la mayeso ovomerezeka linayamba. Kale mu 1997 mu Ramenskoye Su-34 ndi chidebe cha L-175V chomwe chinakhazikitsidwa komanso anathawa bwinobwino ndikuchita ntchito zonse zoyesedwa zomwe zidaperekedwa pamaso pa opanga zovutazo.

Posakhalitsa zinawonekeratu kuti mavuto a zachuma m'dzikoli salola kuti chitukuko chitukuke cha Su-34 chikhale chokwanira, ndipo ndi L-175V zokhazokha, kuti zikhale zovuta za EW sizophweka. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, kukula kwa Khibin kunayamba kuteteza gulu lonse la ndege. Ankaganiza kuti kusinthidwa kwa zovutazi zikanagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuteteza magulu a mabomba ndi omenyera nkhondo omwe akupita kumapeto.

Mapangidwe a zinthu zambiri anali ophweka kwambiri, zomwe zinathandiza kuchepetsa kwambiri mtengo wa zovuta zonsezo. Panthawiyi, EW ili ndi zitsulo V1 ndi V2. Chinthu chodziwika bwino pazinthu zatsopanozi chinali chakuti maulendo awo ogwira ntchito anali ogwirizana kwambiri ndi zimenezo kwa Khibin. Ndipotu, izi ndizozikuluzikulu zamphamvu, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito osati kungowonjezera mphamvu ya zovutazo, koma ngakhale kutulutsa zolembazo.

Zida zina

Muwiri yachiwiri, munali zida za chitsanzo W1 ndi W0. Apa iwo anali ndi mafilimu, omwe anali osiyana kwambiri ndi makina aakulu a Khibin. Amagwiritsa ntchito njira yosiyana yosiyana ndi malingaliro a makolo, choncho akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawonekedwe osiyana, opambana. Mwinamwake, mutagwirizanitsa zonse zomwe zikuchitika mderali, nkhondo yovuta yamagetsi "Khibiny" ML-265 inalengedwa.

M'masinthidwe awa pali mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito zovutazo popanda zambiri. Kotero, mu Su-35 zipangizo izi zimamangidwira bwino mu kapangidwe ka airframe. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira yatsopano, "Khibiny-60", yogwiritsa ntchito masamu pamagwiritsidwe ntchito, inagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, yomwe inalepheretsa kufotokoza molondola khalidwe la zovuta mu zovuta zosiyanasiyana, ngakhale zovuta kwambiri. Mwa njira, njira yomweyi idagwiritsidwira ntchito pang'ono, poyambitsa zovuta KC418.

Makhalidwe "Khibin"

Kotero, kodi "dongosolo la REB" la Hibiny ndi chiyani? Nawa zipangizo zake zofunika:

• "Mtima" wa zovutazo ndi RER "Proran", kapena mafananidwe ake amasiku ano, zambiri zomwe zikufotokozedwa.
• Njira yayikulu yowonjezera kusokoneza kwamphamvu "Regatta". Mwinamwake, zamakono zamakono ndi zangwiro zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito panopa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zipangizozi zikhoza kupezeka zonse mu chidebe ndipo zimakwera mozungulira mu airframe.
• Monga tanenera, njira za "Hibiny" REB zikuphatikizanso zipangizo zomwe zimapangidwira kupanga kuthamanga kwachitetezo poteteza ndege. Ikwezedwa mu chidebe. Zochitika zenizeni sizidziwika.
• Chipilala chokonzekera molondola mafupipafupi. Chitsanzo TSh.
• Potsirizira pake, ntchito yamakina apamwamba kwambiri ya kompyuta imagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo makhalidwe ake enieni amakhalanso osamvetsetseka.

Malingana ndi mtengo wa zida zamtundu uwu, monga chaka cha 2014, mtengo wokhala umodzi unali osachepera 123 million rubles.

Zomangamanga zimakhala zovuta

Tiyeni tikambirane zofunikira zenizeni zamakono zomwe zimakhala zovuta mkati mwake. Monga lamulo, mu gawo limeneli, L 175V / L-265 ikugwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Kutalika - 4.95 m;
• Diameter - masentimita 35;
• Kulemera kwake - makilogalamu 300.

Malo omwe amakonda kuthamanga

• Kumbuyo ndi kumbuyo hemispheres, gawo lophatikizana ndi +/- madigiri 45.
• Zipangizo zamakanema zamagetsi zimatha kugwira ntchito mofulumira pa 1.2 ... 40 GHz.
• Njira yogwiritsira ntchito yopanga zokha imagwira pafupipafupi 4 ... 18 GHz.
• Nthaŵi zambiri kugwira ntchito zovuta kuti zitha kuyanjana ndi ndege ndi 1 ... 4 GHz.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zonse ndi ma Watt 3600.

Zigawo zazikulu za kulengedwa kwa zovuta

• Choyamba chojambula ndi "Proran". Panthawi imeneyi, panagwiritsa ntchito makina opanga mauthenga a wailesi.
• "Regatta". Pachifukwa ichi, injinizi zinagwira ntchito molunjika pa chida cha zipangizo, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga kuthamanga kokhala.
• Potsiriza, malo enieni a REB "Khibiny" adalengedwa, omwe adapezeka pogwirizanitsa "Proran" ndi "Regatta".
• Kupititsa patsogolo ndi kupanga kachitidwe ka "Khibiny-10V". Izi ndimasinthidwe apaderadera, okonzedwa kuti aike pa ndege za T-10V / Su-34.
• KS-418E yovuta. Anapangidwira kukonzekera ndege zowonjezera za Su-24MK / Su-24MK2. Mwachiwonekere, chitukuko chomaliza cha chitsanzo ichi sichimatsirizidwa komanso cha lero.

Kusinthidwa kwamakono kwa zovutazo

• "Khibiny-M10 / M6".
• Kusintha kwa "Khibiny-60".
• Luso 264 / L-265M10 lovuta. Njira yokhayokha, yomwe tsopano ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa ndege zenizeni za Su-35.
• Kusiyana kwakukulu kwambiri komanso kosinthika, "Khibiny-U". Idawonetsedwa koyamba pa MAKS-2013 Aviation Salon. Zimadziwika kuti panthaŵi imodzimodziyo mgwirizano unasindikizidwa kuti ukweze zovuta pa ndege zonse zapanyanja zakutsogolo. Kenaka zinadziwika kuti magetsi awa adzaikidwa pa Su-30SM.
• Chitsanzo chabwino koposa, "Tarantula." Ponena za chitukuko ndi ntchito yake, pafupifupi chilichonse chimadziwika.

Ndi ndege ziti zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zonyamulira?

Monga momwe tikuonera m'nkhaniyi, oyendetsa ndege zogwiritsa ntchitoyi ndizochokera ku Boma la Sukhoi Design. Tanena kale za zifukwa izi. Kotero palibe chodabwitsa mndandanda wotsatirawu:

• Pa Su-34 akhoza kuyika chidebe cha L 175V / L-175VE, chomwe chingathe kukhala ndi malo onse abwino a REB "Khibiny".
• The Su-35 nthawi zambiri amanyamula chitsanzo "M", woikidwa mu L-265.
• Su-30SM ikukonzekera kukhala yokonzedwa ndi Khibiny-U.

Mayesero ndi mapulogalamu m'madera omwe akulimbana nawo

Ife tayankhula kale za magawo oyambirira a mayesero a boma. Pamene adagwiritsabe ntchito dongosolo la REB "Hibiny"? Zikudziwika kuti mu 2000, patangopita nthawi yochepa kuchokera ku nkhondo ya a Chechen ku Afghanistan, Air Force inaphunzira kuti angathe kugwiritsa ntchito a Su-34 kuti aphimbe mabomba a Su-24. Inde, "Khibiny" yomwe imayikidwa pa Su-24 EW ingasinthe kwambiri kupulumuka kwa ndege izi mukumenyana.

Zimadziwikanso kuti mu 2013 pangano linapatsidwa chisindikizo chopatsa makampani 92 osakaniza. Chiwerengero cha mgwirizano umenewu ndi ma ruble 12 biliyoni. Zikuoneka kuti ndege (zomwe sizidziwika kuti ndi ziti) ziyenera kukhala ndi zipangizo izi pasanathe 2020.

Mu April 2014, mayeso anachitidwa, pafupi ndi kumenyana. Pa nthawi yomweyi, zipangizo za "Khibiny" REB zinali zolinga kutetezera a Su-34. Iwo ankaganiza kuti iwo adzaloledwa ndi ndege za mdani wodalirika, yemwe gawo lake linali MiG-31. Zotsatira za zotsatira za mayeserowa mpaka pano palibe chomwe chawonetsedwa.

"Cook" ndi "Hibiny": zodziwika kapena zabodza?

Mu April chaka chomwecho pazinthu zambiri zinayambira mutu umodzi wokondweretsa. Zambiri zamabuku zowonongeka nthawi yomweyo zimayika pamutu wakuti "Conjectures". Kodi chinanenanji pa "Hibiny" nkhondo yamagetsi? "Donald Cook", yomwe inachitikira pa April 12, 2014 pafupi ndi Crimea, idati "ikumenyedwa" ndi a Su-24, ndipo zipangizo zomwe zili m'gulu lake "zidakalizika" mothandizidwa ndi zovutazi. Komabe, posakhalitsa nkhanizi ndi zokhutirazo zinachotsedwa mwamsanga, monga zinachitikira zotsatirazi:

• Inde, "Kuyanika" kunayenda mozungulira ngalawa.
• Maphwandowo sanachite zowawa zilizonse.
• "Hibiny" pakali pano siyikidwa pa Su-24 (iyi ndizovuta).
• Zida za m'kalasiyi sizingathetseketsa zamagetsi za chikepe chochepa kwambiri.

Choncho, tinafufuza REB "Khibiny". Ndi chiyani? Ndipotu, iyi ndiyo njira yamakono yogwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zamagetsi zomwe zimalola ndege zowonongeka kuti zisiye mivi ya adani, kugogoda kutsogolera njira zawo zokhazokha.